Alejandro de Humboldt National Park - UNESCO

41 Pages·1998·6.29 MB·English

WHC Nomination Documentation

File Name: 839rev.pdf UNESCO Region: LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
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SITE NAME: Alejandro de Humboldt National Park

DATE OF INSCRIPTION: 16th December 2001

STATE PARTY: CUBA

CRITERIA: N (ii)(iv)

DECISION OF THE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE:
Excerpt from the Report of the 25th Session of the World Heritage Committee
The Committee inscribed Alejandro de Humboldt National Park on the World Heritage List under natural criteria
(ii) and (iv):
Criterion (ii): The size, altitudinal diversity, complex lithologies, and landform diversity
of Alejandro de Humboldt National Park have resulted in a range of ecosystems and
species unmatched in the Insular Caribbean. It was a Miocene-Pleistocene refuge site,
particularly in the glacial eras, for the Caribbean biota. The fresh water rivers that flow
off the peaks of the park are some of the largest in the insular Caribbean and because of
this have high freshwater biological diversity. Because of the serpentine, peridotite, karst
and pseudokarst geology of the region, the park is an excellent example of ongoing
processes in the evolution of species and communities on underlying rocks that pose
special challenges to plant survival.
Criterion (iv): Alejandro de Humboldt National Park contains the most important and
significant natural habitats for in- situ conservation of terrestrial biological diversity in the
entire insular Caribbean. It contains 16 of 28 plant formations defined for Cuba, the
largest island in the Caribbean, which is a unique biogeographic province. It is one of the
most important sites for conservation of endemic flora in the entire Western Hemisphere
- nearly 70% of the 1,302 spermatophytes already described, of an estimated total of
1,800-2,000, are endemic to the park. The park is one of the most biologically diverse
terrestrial tropical ecosystems in an island setting anywhere on earth. Endemism rates
for vertebrates and invertebrates found in the park are also very high. Many of these are
threatened because of their small range. Because of their uniqueness and the fact that
they represent unique evolutionary processes, they are of outstanding universal value
from the point of view of science and conservation.
The Committee requested that the management plan be finalized within a timeframe of 12 months and be sent to the
World Heritage Centre in three copies.

BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS
Complex geology and varied topography have given rise to a diversity of ecosystems and species unmatched in the
insular Caribbean and created one of the most biologically diverse tropical island sites on earth. Many of the underlying
rocks are toxic to plants so species have had to adapt to survive in these hostile conditions. This unique process of
evolution has resulted in the development of many new species and the park is one of the most important sites in the
Western Hemisphere for the conservation of endemic flora. Endemism of vertebrates and invertebrates is also very high.

1.b State, Province or Region: Guantánamo and Holguín Provinces

1.d Exact location: 75°00' E , 20°27' N

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1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE GOOD
a) Country: a cbfiuolCbu peR
b) Provinces: ní u ogdmlnaoanHátnauG
c) Name: lkarna oPti dtolar oNdebndmaujHelA
d) Accurate location in a map and geographic coordinates:
X: 75 (cid:176) ' ' 2' 20 14-7 (cid:176) ' '2E833
Y: 20 (cid:176) ' ' 4' 12 20-2 (cid:176) ' '4E533
e) Maps:
se x1d enena2enSA
f) Extension
ehT kraP srotces devorppa layepuC( led etroN – otijO ed augA dna )ínaugaJ dnetxe rof23
065 ah 62( ah073 dna 6 091 ah .)ylevitcepser gnidulcnI lairtserret dna eniram saera nieht
ssecorp fo ,lavorppa eht elohw kraP sesirpmoc 66 007 ah fo dnal dna 2 146 ah foretaw
g n s i9 drl 6 1n oa re4e.f t4e n3taeo3f0oxhhtf3z.eTu3abh
1. JUSTIFICATION OF THE REGISTRATION
a) Declaration of values
ordnajelA ed tdlobmuH lanoitaN kraP si eht tsom tnatropmi yltcirts detcetorp aera .taC(-I
V I)NCU Ini abuC sa y rt.aidfs e rs nseisri vhae aiTcsedndroonai cabttuso to neyslunaoceb
ti sah eht tsehgih ssenhcir dna msimedne ni eht yrtnuoc tub osla esuaceb ti si yltnerruceht
evitatneserper fo eht tsehgih tnanmer fo devreserp niatnuom smetsysoce ni .abuC stItsom
sci tndsaeicz:r i seersw tbaaotcmlnamlaruovasfehlcer
I. tI sah eht tsehgih slevel fo ytisrevidoib dna msimedne ni eht tseW seidnI dnasah
l e dvm lestrliao mws elfd eontvese ele hnfegoohith
II. tI si eno fo eht niam yranoitulove sretnec sa llew sa a cihpargoegoib egdirb dnaa
enecotsielP- eengeucfoeirM etis ylniam( ni eht laicalG )doirep fo eht naebbiraCdna
eht nacire.maAtoib
III. tI si eno fo eht tsom evisnetxe dna devreserp-llew suoniatnuom smetsysoce
gni nnii a. emn sheotetrisigedeWnrI
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IV. tI si a evitatneserper elpmaxe fo eht noitanibmoc fo cinotcet-oen noituloverednu
snoitidnoc fo aes flehs tnempoleved no dlo serutcurts gnitluser morf dnalsiscra
)yranretauQ-enecogilO( htiw a noitadnuof fo demrofsnart cinaeco stsurc)setihpo(
taht evah del ot eht noitamrof fo noitanalp secafrus dna gnirehtaew stsurc tahtera
. ls er etd pifvnltye oeerathelno tnowr fopoeoxjheatm
V. tI si a evitatneserper dlrow elpmaxe fo eht tnempoleved fo citsrak smrof dna
)”.ts sedr ieasgtkmoa oelnndtoooushbeytrssiaplc“-(non
VI. tI si eno fo eht tseb dna tsom etelpmoc sevitatneserper fo eht ,laciport ,ralusnitew
.ss tcns iiefparo oroerfhttoeN
VII. tI si a evitatneserper dlrow elpmaxe fo tnalp snoitamrof htiw na lanozaretcarahc
.)s e sn stit estes dtenwbdnire(unato praofnrhdoesisrep
VIII. tI sretlehs tnatropmi semitemos( )euqinu snoitalupop fo denetaerht seiceps foarolf
na anuaf gnoma ,hcihw eud ot rieht taerht eerged ro ecnatropmi ta dlrow ,levelew
nac noitnem eht yrovI delliB rekcepdooW( Campephilus principalis bairdi ,)eht
nabuC etiK( Chondrohierax wilsoni), the Cuban Solenodon ( Solenodon cubanus),
eht nabuC torrap( Amazona leucocephala ,) eht nabuC teekarap( Aratinga euops,)
eht naebiraC eetanam( Trichechus manatus manatus ,) eht detniaP lianS( Polymita
picta a,n )eech(atrD Dracaena cubensis), the Podocarpus ( Podocarpus ekmani), etc.
IX. s. ed ni leicerhetotpawsrbe tt ttrse a Iee eft svl froieileohbhahtatmths
X. ehT noitcnujnoc fo sniatnuom htiw devreserp-llew daorb defael stserof dnaenip
r,es trs aed,wvn s-io sdrrpdeoandoeaawlc csnaic a ynia rdna lroeohctae w—lacipyt
fo siht lanoitaN kraP — setutitsnoc eno fo eht tsom elbakramer dnaevitalpmetnoc
seir efnoe ces .hnetarbuutCan
XI. ordnajelA ed tdlobmuH lanoitaN kraP sah hguone yrotirret dna noitavresnoceerged
ot eetnaraug eht gnitsal gninoitcnuf fo eht lativ lacigoloce sessecorp sa llew saeht
lavi vfrou s sege.hnieticrveeiphlst
b) Comparative analysis as to the conservation status of similar goods:
sihT kraP sah noitavresnoc seerged dna msimedne serugif elbarapmoc ylno ot esoht
seirotirret ro seirtnuoc deredisnoc eht tsom tnatropmi seno ta dlrow level toH( )stopShcus
sa eht enitnepres saera ni weN ,ainodelaC hcihw era yldaorb dellecxe yb siht kraPhtiw
drager ot .anuaf esehT enitnepres saera era yltneuqerf derapmoc htiw ordnajelA ed
tdlobmuH lanoitaN kraP eud ot rieht lacigoloeg dna lacigolohpromoeg .edutilimisretfA
gnizylana eht tnereffid spuorg dedulcni ni ,CMCW ,2991 ew nac etats taht siht kraPslecxe
toH stopS hcus sa eht sniatnuoM ot eht tsae fo ,ainaznaT nretsewhtuos irS ,aknaLdna
nretsewhtuos yrovI tsaoC gninrecnoc( cimedne rehgih ;)stnalp nretsewhtuos ,ailartsuA
nretsae ,ayalamiH eht aisyalaM ,alusnineP eht arolF ecnivorP fo ainrofilaC dnasrehto
gnidrager( cimedne .)selitper sA ot eht tnereffid sdnalsi dezylana ni ,CMCW ylnoweN
ainodelaC dna eht aloinapsiH evah erom cimedne stnalp naht siht lanoitaN ,kraP elihwon
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etis ni eht aloinapsiH sah tnalp msimedne slevel dna noitavresnoc seerged elbarapmocot
esoht fo ordnajelA ed tdlobmuH lanoitaN .kraP ehT rehto sdnalsi fo eht dlrow evahssel
tnalp ,msimedne eht seno htiw tnalp msimedne resolc ot eht nabuC lanoitaN kraPera
,aciamaJ ,nawiaT iiawaH dna .ijiF gnidrageR tsomla lla anuaf ,spuorg ereht era onsdnalsi
htiw msimedne slevel ekil esoht fo siht lanoitaN ,kraP tpecxe emos anuaf spuorg nieht
, s.dd in nnjasao idlm, F nsod,afaIln a uoloawewpsSleneaiaNiNPeuZG
c) Authenticity / Integrity
euD ot eht scitsiretcarahc fo siht lanoitaN ,kraP ereht si on noitarefilorp fodezilarutan
seiceps ni sti .yrotirret tnalP seiceps decudortni ni ruo yrtnuoc hcus sa emossuoenimarg
stnalp evah to ndedeeccus ni eht kraP sa yeht poleved ylno ni s ayel rsdaueobirvuetrspidyb
.nam nihtiW eht kraP ,aera saera debrutsid yb nam era detacol ylno ni llams stcart nieht
lar eshepniorze pro ni yr ee,vlstethic ltdanpa ereht si yt iolni b n ifoesoisssuonapacpexbfeo
eht hgih ssentcapmoc eerged fo eht larutan noitategev dna eht metsysoc e.ytirutam nIemos
namuh delttes saera fo eht ,kraP ereht era emos sporc dna lla mssnoitatnalp fodetacitsemod
,stnalp hcihw ypucco ylno llams dnal snoitrop dna era ton a .taerht rehtO seiceps hcussa
the Beefwood ( Casuarina equisetifolia ) tceffa llams stcart fo eht ;tsaoc ,sselehtrevenyeht
era llams snoitalupop dna rieht noisnapxe si detcirtser ot eht .eniltsaoc ehT yticitnehtuafo
eht kraP smetsysoce si desserpxe ylniam yb eht ecneserp fo eguh skcolb fodebrutsidnu
lanigiro .noitategev nI eht esac fo ,anuaf emos citsemod seiceps evah denrut,dezilarutan
yllacificeps eht god( Canis familiaris), the cat ( Felis catus ) dna eht gip( Sus scophra).
hguo hgTn ievvaih tsatgceenffe no su oenh ot,hatnhuc aodfteun aoesihettinceempesroefraa
detartnecnoc ni senoz raen namuh stnemelttes dna era ton tnadnuba ni eht eromlarutan
.saera nO eht rehto ,dnah feiler snoitidnoc tneverp eseht seiceps morf gnivah sseccaot
ynam secalp taht erofereht evah na largetni noitisopmoc fo anuaf dna arolf.seitinummoc
seicepS hcus sa eht llamS naidnI esoognoM( Herpestes auropunctata ) — eno fo ehttsom
lufmrah srotader pdecudortni ni eht tseW seidnI dna rehto snoiger fo eht dlrow — evahton
yllacitcarp dedavni eht saera fo eht lanoitaN kraP os yeht era ton a taerht ot eht ytirgetnifo
st.is eaintuianfummoc
tnerruC seitivitca hcus sa sporc rof ,ecnetsisbus muimorhc dnuorgrednu ,gninim dna
gnigg oelr agni keactalp ni l ldee wt s a)edcscnoeaulgloaprl alr(iov ni eh t, ykrreahPpiorsep
reicenhetu lsfeno idylt nttaoccneifffian geihst .kyrtaiPrge tnn Ii,lar eenreeght era onsmrof
fo elbitapmocni tnemeganam ni eht .kraP ehT metsysoce ssenlarutan fo siht etis sa llewsa
me ts snsneyo.uiksiao aosb nsmcnutit eeCiai lmteai nhrdtutgsoeomtmni
d) Criteria underlying the registration proposal (and justification of the registration
according to these criteria).
:leagrauttiarNeH
- larutaN statibah dna :ytisrevidoib sihT kraP sah msimedne dna ytisrevidoib sleveltaht
era eht tsehgih ni eht tseW seidnI dna knar htiw eht tsom gnidnatstuo seno tadlrow
.level
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- : sleasc sisegicoholTro pckEraP si htob y rn a arnteontientieuc clnroaovfe neahetbbiraC
atoib dna a enecotsie lePgufer rof eht naci r,esmnAoitargim dna ti sah dewolla rofediw
nnooiit tadac niifadfo aiarsrrroiel vfdind .aasneuiacfeps
- gnidnatstuO larutan anemonehp dna :ytuaeb sihT kraP sah tsom depoleved smroffo
citsrak feiler )tsrakoduesp( no cisabartlu ,skcor hcihw si a yrev erar nonemonehpta
dlrow ,level neve no rehto detanobrac-non .seigolohtil ehT kraP seirenecs era
y.llbuafkirtaumaeerb
- lacigolocE :noitulove sihT kraP sah noitanalp secafrus dna gnirehtaew stsurc tahtknar
htiw eht tseb stnenopxe fo rieht epyt ni eht dlrow dna tneserper eht noitanibmocfo
t nsee.rlne yofltifa sticfudiolgoovleoeg
2. DESCRIPTION
a) Description of the good
abuC si eht tsom tnatropmi yrotirret rof ytisrevidoib noitavresnoc ni eht tseW,seidnI
gnidrocca ot noitavresnoc snoitazinagro hcus sa eht dlroW efildliW dnuF )FWW( dnaehT
yc ne.ar)vuCrtNeaTsN (noo wCtTnecre pfo eht dlr oawrolf s idetaco lni ;abuC fdierapmoc
ot eht rehto naebbiraC ,sdnalsi abuC sah eht tsehgih rebmun fo stnalp dna slamina sallew
sa eht tsehgih msimedne .seerged roF emos ,spuorg msimedne sehcaer serugif fo%49
lairtserret( ,sksullom 1 183 ,).ps %4.39 ,snaibihpma( 34 ,)axat %5.28 ,sdopairym( 401,).ps
%,2s.e5l7itpe r1(9 ,)axat ,%s2d5inhc a7r7a6( ,) .cpist y, hs%pt1on5taalmpre p3s( 332,).ps
%04 ,slammam( 51 .)axat gnidroccA ot CMCW ,)2991( abuC sknar tsrif gnomaralusni
smetsysoce nehw gnidrager cimedne ,stnalp htnevele ta dlrow level gninrecnoccimedne
,selitper dna dnoces-ytnewt ta dlrow level htiw drager ot rehgih .selitper ,esiwekiLsiht
naebbiraC dnalsi sdloh sdrocer hcus sa eht dlrow tsellams tab( Natalus lepidus 3-2 ,).rgeht
dlrow tsellams gorf( Eleuterodactilus iberia., < 11 ,)mm eht d ltrsoewll admrsib( Mellisuga
helenae, 36 ,)mm dna eht dlrow tsellams noiprocs )elam(( Microtityus fundorai, 01;)mm
eno fo eht tseggib suorovitcesni slammam( Solenodon cubanus, > 285 )mm nac ebdnuof
ereh .oot nA tnatropmi trap fo eht denoitnemerofa ytisrevidoib si detneserper niordnajelA
e tdldalnoob.imkturaHaNP
sihT kraP setutitsnoc eht tsom tnatropmi yltcirts detcetorp aera ni abuC sa raf sa
ytisrevidoib si .denrecnoc toN ylno seod siht aera evah eht tsehgih ssenhcir dnamsimedne
ni eht yrtnuoc tub ti si osla eht evitatneserper fo eht tsediw tnanmer fodevreserp-llew
suoniatnuom smetsysoce ni .abuC cisaB dna cisabartlu suoengi skcor demrofsnart(
stnanmer morf tneicna cinaeco )stsurc morf eht suoecaterC doirep era tnanimoderp,ereh
yeht degreme ylsuounitnoc erom naht 04 noillim sraey oga dna era emos fo ehttsedlo
ysrfainsos iantmi.unl aoeevhbetbiraC
nO essneohittamr oefw nac dnif eht tsehgih dna t,sdeedtla ognnioa llsepmetsys fosuaetalp
dna sdehsretaw ni eht naebbiraC ,noiger htiw egral gnirehtaew stsurc dna citsrak ro(
)citsrakoduesp anemonehp no setitodirep taht etutitsnoc euqinu stnemele tnempoleved(fo
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,senilod ciehrodne ,snisab ,sevac ,nerrak ).cte ta lanoitan level dna era nommocnu —neve
se. il —ged ovltlerao lohr wteniholto
detacoL ni ordnajelA ed tdlobmuH lanoitaN kraP si eht enotsemil kcolb fo senollaraFed
,aoM a lacigoloeg dna cihpargoegoib ”dnalsi“ desopmoc fo detanobrac skcor gnoma
senitnepres dna .setitodirep ereH si eht citsrak metsys fo senollaraF ed aoM taerG,nrevaC
eno fo eht evif larutan setis dedrager sa lanoitan stnemunom dna eno fo eht rojamevac
sme t nsnr.yieastbsuaCe
ehT sedutitla egnar morf 022– m ot 1 571 m evoba aes level lE( odloT ;)kaeP,erofereht
,sniatnuom ,sdnalelbat ,srevir ,snialp depahs-esrup ,syab laroc ,sfeer dna syek eradedulcni
nihtiw eht .kraP nI siht ,kraP eht edutitla noitairav gnikam eht rehtaew ni eht noigereb
lanoza resolc( ot lairotauqe ,)sepyt eht rogiv fo eht ,feiler dna eht tserof egarevoctnuocca
rof eht ecnetsixe fo eht tsenaelc dna tsom gniwolf srevir fo ,abuC emos fo meht :era-aoT
,ín a,u ag,b aía,JnunaDóujguibJ idNna.aoM
gnidroccA ot eht ecnedive dnuof yb ,stsilaiceps siht noiger saw ton debrutsid hcum ybeht
etamilc segnahc taht koot ecalp gnirud eht snoitaicalg fo eht yranretauQ ;doirep,erofereht
eht ae rdaetutitsnoc a egufer rof eht naellit n.Aatoib deehnToitn e,msetrcoaffa ehtytiuqitna
dna evitaler ytilibats fo siht noiger rehtegot htiw eht feiler ,ytixelpmoc ehttnanimoderp
seigolohtil dna eht eguh snoitairav ni retawniar evah denimreted eht taerg yteirav fo
statibah dna statibahorcim erehw eht tsom esrevid lamina dna tnalp seiceps evahdetanigiro
s n dog ei.nftlsooalrlli aaumdemnyuacca
esuace Bfo sstsienhc is nrm,ies te,sis ycedsepnop aacssceis hdntnoailger si eht niarmetnec
fo ytisrevid ndoniatacifisre vfiod eht naellitnA atoib dna eno fo eht tsom tnatropmi senofo
esc en, . oe deasguslhc altrtihnrfiortranwere fimohsANtauos
toN ylno era eht seulav desolcne yb siht noiger trap fo eht lanoitan ,egatireh tub yehtera
. l elsgeaawti rd el threfrohoawtp
Flora values
ordnajelA ed tdlobmuH lanoitaN kraP si deredisnoc eht tsael derolpxe aera fo ,abuCecnis
ereht era l lsintosit aecroelhw anoitcel lsoach reven neeb edam dna eht seno taht evahneeb
edam era yranimilerp ni ynam .sesac sihT kraP sretlehs 509 arolf cimedne ,seicepstsomla
%03 fo eht seno detroper rof .abuC fO siht latot ,erugif 343 seiceps evil ylevisulcxe nisiht
,noige rdna ni emos sesac yeht evah ne edbettops ni e nnooita ctoalht seod ton deecxeemos
snezod fo erauqs .teef esehT serugif od ton tneserper eht latot tnuoma fo elbissopcimedne
seiceps sa emos snemiceps detcelloc yb stsilaiceps niamer ot eb .deifissalc sihTyrotirret
sah eht tsehgih tnalp ytisrevid fo eht nabuC ogalepihcra dna eht ralusnI ;naebbiraC,sediseb
ti si eno fo eht tsom gniretlehs-msimedne-arolf snoiger ni eht htrae sa llew sa eno foeht
sno ihgteir w meysrtioimmse nd.reneederpatceh
gnomA eseht cimedne ,seiceps ereht era lacinatob slewej morf hcihw ew nac noitnemevif
erovinrac seiceps — eno fo meht si eht ylno nabuC etyhpipe( Pinguicola lignicola ) —dna
a rs eefeniohe ctgoewpts Podocarpus dna Dracaena taht gnoleb ot eht tsom evitimirptnalp
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spuorg ni eht tnalp .mlaer gnidroccA ot tnecer snoitcelloc edam ni siht ,noiger evifwen
seicep so tecne iecvsah ne e,bdnuo feno fo meh tgnieb a .enip A seicep sfo eht suneg Buxus
detr o )psteacrn (ista xwdenu oefreh.oot
ehT tnalp msimedne deifitnedi ni evitatneserper saera fo siht fissam lacissalc(msimedne
sretnec fo siht noiger hcus sa lE ,odloT otlA ed ,airebI layepuC led ,etroN ).ctesehcaer
t n n do ne tenieicth . s naghrs c,d ne foetee si%leiheorpheih0 rhghghw8motitit-owhh0r7f
hguohT ti si ton etelpmoc ron seod ti edulcni eht wen ,stroper eht arolf tsil fo ehtdetcetorp
aera esabatad gnitsixe ta eht lanoitaN retneC fo detcetorP saerA )PANC( sedivorp aerugif
fo 1 203 ,setyhpotamreps hcihw stnuocca rof %96 fo ,msimedne dna 541 seiceps fo
.set yyhlptondeicreeRt peda msetami t,sPeANC( )899 1etacidni taht eht tnuoma foderewolf
s hemy cioata crm ne2ef 1a.r-p0la0s0px00a8t
erehT era 82 tnalp snoitamrof denifed rof abuC weN( lanoitaN saltA fo ,abuC ,)2991 61fo
meht nac eb dnuof ta ordnajelA ed tdlobmu HlanoitaN :kraP 3 nabuC niar stserof eht(-wol
edutitla niar ,tserof eht enatnombus niar ,tserof dna eht enatnom niar ,)tserof eht wolduolc
suoll ytnhs ipe,aor)rrotefslec rsyc o(niefrhhopt hrbtou-mrbohurssex , ennoitn eephrtesenip
wood of Pinus cubensis , eht suollyhposem neergreve ,tserof eht suoudicedimes ,tserofeht
niar-revir ,tserof eht suollyhporcim neergreve ,tserof eht latsaoc cihpromorex ,burhseht
cihpromorex ynroht burhs no ,enitnepres eht evorgnam ,tserof dna eht noitategev
sexelpmoc no sllonk dna no ,ydnas ykcor .stsaoc hcuS a ytisrevid ni snoitamrof
) s smde eeoattttdeos scrn i yyeanx.nlstieai toobyrccruneiepCahr(ttos
ehT niam noitategev sepyt yb( noisnetxe dna )msimedne era eht ,sdnaldoow hcihwera
detneserper ereh yb lla rieht nabuC stnairav dna hcaer rieht xamilc htiw ehtedutitla-wol
niar ;tserof eht enip ;sdoow dna eht cihpromorex ynroht-bus sburhs no .enitnepresniaR
stserof ni siht aera era trap fo eht laerob timil fo eht naciremA ,sdnaldoow dna ehttnalp
msimedne tnecrep fo cihpromorex sburhs si eht tsehgih eno ni eht tseW seidnI )%08(dna
eno fo eht tsehgih seno fo eht dlrow sa raf sa tnalp noitamrof si .denrecnoc sdnaldooWni
sniohit gye l rel—saoihc tetpas e dw uottl aithtstliax eni ylno a wsseeef dcsiaislhepktbraP
— dna suollyhporelcs sdnaldoow era eht tsom depoleved stserof ni abuC eud( ot ezisfo
rieht ,seert atarts dna )seiceps dna eht tsom evisnetxe dna devreserp -slelveiwtatneserperfo
.sno isete s aptefmynhortatolfp
Fauna values
ehT tcaf taht eht yranoitulove sessecorp fo ,arolf eht lacigoloeg ,yrotsih eht ,seigolohtileht
,ytiuqitna .cte derovaf anuaf seiceps noitulove dluohs eb nekat otni .tnuocca esuaceB fosti
,ecna dyntuibsarevid dna ,msimedne anuaf ni siht noiger si eht tsehcir eno ni .abuCgnomA
eht tsom tnatropmi etarbetrev seiceps ew nac noitnem eht yrovI delliB rekcepdooW
( Campephillus principalis bairdi ,) a lacol cireneg cimedne ciler taht si yrev denetaerhtfi(
ton )tcnitxe sa eht rehto seicepsbus gnitsixe ni htroN aciremA dna ocixeM eraydaerla
;tcnitxe eht nabuC etiK( Chondrohierax wilsoni ,) na cimedne seiceps esohwsnoitalupop
evah neeb os decuder taht ebyam tsuj a wef selpuoc ;niamer dna eht nabuCnodoneloS
( Solenodon cubanus ,) l ag annlriiuvs tistcloa ofhdnte nse itdanear hntac eb dnu oyflnoyrev
ylerar dna ni eht tsom larutan setis fo siht .kraP esehT eerht seiceps era yllacitcarptneserp
7
ylno ni siht noiger dna yeht etutitsnoc citamsirahc seiceps taht evah neeb eht tcejbusfo
noitnetta fo lanoitanretni seidob no flaheb fo rieht noitcetorp dna noitavresnocefildriB(
lanoitanretnI – ;APIC dlroW efildliW dnuF – ;FWW lanoitanretnI noinU rof eht
noitavresnoC fo erutaN – ;NCUI ).cte stseroF ni siht noiger era osla tnatropmi seguferrof
ynam ,cimedne tnediser dna yrotargim drib ,seiceps dna ereht era tnaci fsinnogiitsalupopfo
parrots ( Amazona leucocephala l. ,) dna steekarap( Aratinga euops ,) hcihw eraseiceps
deredisnoc sa .denetaerht-noitcnitxe nI eht kraP eniram ,aera ew nac dnif atnacifingis
ynoloc fo naebbirac seetanam( Trichechus manatus m. .) llA eht nabuC ,sdrocer tpecxetaht
fo eht noiprocs ( Microtityus fundorai ) nac eb dnuof ni siht .kraP sA ot eht gorf
( Eleuterodactilus iberia ,) deredisnoc eht tsellams gorf ni eht ,dlrow sti noitubirtsidsi
detc io rt stynsl oenei romtnoaisc oelh.tkraP
rehtonA elpmaxe fo eht anuaf ssenhcir era ,selitper hcihw evah rieht tsehgih nabuCretnec
fo ytisrevid dna noitacifisrevid ni siht ,noiger sa 54 axat %73( fo nabuC )axat evahneeb
detcelloc .ereh gninrecnoC ,silonA 3 wen seiceps evah neeb debircsed .yltnecer ehTsuneg
Eleutherodactylus sdnats tuo ni eht naibihpma ,puorg siht suneg sah %4.79 fomsimedne
ereh dna 2 wen seiceps detcelloc ni eht aera era ni eht ssecorp fo .noitpircsed,sediseB
Gambusia punctata , eno fo eht wef nabuC cimedne retawhserf ,hsif nac eb dnuof nisiht
.enoz ehT nisab fo aoT reviR dna sti seiratubirt etutitsnoc eht tsegral riovreser fo
Cyclasoma ramsdeni , a retawhserf hsif taht si cimedne oot dna esohw noitubirtsidsi
.a bnurCe t dsoeattecirtser
erehT era tsom elbaula vsevitatneserper fo eht etarbetrevni anuaf hcus sa eht seiceps foeht
sksullom Polimyta picta, Xenopoma bexidersoni, Caracolus sagemon, Corida purpuragula,
dna C. uba. gnidroccA ot ,stsilaiceps ereht era ta tsael 05 seiceps fo siht ,puorg emosfo
meht era llits ot eb .debircsed rehtO tnatropmi seiceps era eht snoiprocs Centruroides
anchorellus dna Rhopalurus junceus, htob evah lacidemoib dna noitavresnoc.ecnatropmi
ehT rebmun fo stcesni dna rehto etarbetrevni spuorg si os hgih taht ti si ton elbissopot
ekam yranimil e.rspetamitse nI eht stserof fo siht ,aera ereht era ynam seiceps fo,sdinhcara
snaecatsurc dna stcesni taht era wen ot ,ecneics eht sretaw retlehs 9 retawhserfpmirhs
seiceps %74( fo nabuC )seiceps dna na denimretednu rebmun fo rehto .setarbetrevniehT
yl e% t 0m aty5sa m nrinhifae mugxovs eaio.(ar dfhr )hotnpspfcepiueahostrngi
eh Tsuoive raptad era gynli tednbeagtrsanlonce sa a tluser fo stnnoeicteirde poxte eht.aera
ehT yranimilerp sisylana ot yfissalc eht noitcelloc thguorb yb eht tsrif fo esehtsnoitidepxe
detluser ni 73 wen seiceps tuo fo 812 taht erew ,dezylana eht tsom gnidnatstuospuorg
gnieb eht ,selitper htiw 3 wen seiceps tuo fo 5 dezylana ;)%06( eht ,snaibihpma htiw 2tuo
fo 7 ;)%92( dna eht ,sdinhcara htiw 71 tuo fo 16 )%82( -- ni eht esac fo ,sdinoilipo 6wen
seiceps erew dnuof tuo fo 6 taht erew ,dezylana rof a .%001 sA ot ,snaecatsurc 3 tuo fo21
seiceps era ,wen gnitneserper .%52 ,revoeroM a wen suneg dna 2 wen stroper rofabuC
evah neeb dnuof gnoma .sdinhcara emoS spuorg fo siht noitcelloc era llits tfel ot eb
deifissalc elihw emos suoibud seiceps fo eht ydaerla deifissalc spuorg dluoc eb wenot
e ch.ngoe uoieotc hhsatTt as dnf ooei rt e air htdentoe hwnp,toxtoneek yti sni wtoanhketht
.dh egsn i eis heraefv umioawgecheirenfps
hguohT ton ,etelpmoc ylniam gninrecnoc ,setarbetrevni eht stsil fo eht esabatad taeht
lanoitaN retneC fo detcetorP saerA edivorp serugif fo 12 naibihpma axat %8.59( fo