Table Of ContentALCOHOL INTOXICATION
AND WITHDRAWAL-IIIb
Studies in Alcohol Dependence
ADV ANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
Editorial Board:
Nathan Back State University of New York at Buffalo
N. R. Di Luzio Tulane University School of Medicine
Bernard Halpern College de France and Institute of Immuno·Biology
Ephraim Katchalski The Weizmann Institute of Science
David Kritchevsky Wistar Institute
Abel Lajtha New York State Research Institute for Neurochemistry and Drug Addiction
Rodol£o Paoletti University of Milan
Recent Volumes in this Series
Volume 82
ATHEROSCLEROSIS: Metabolic, Morphologic, and Clinical Aspects
Edited by George W. Manning and M. Daria Haust • 1977
Volume 83
FUNCTION AND BIOSYNTHESIS OF LIPIDS
Edited by Nicolas G. Bazan, Rodolfo R. Brenner, and Norma M. Giusto. 1977
Volume 84
MEMBRANE TOXICITY
Edited by Morton W. Miller, Adil E. Shamoo, and John S. Brand. 1977
Volume 85A
ALCOHOL INTOXICATION AND WITHDRAWAL - IlIa: Biological Aspects of Ethanol
Edited by Milton M. Gross. 1977
Volume 85B
ALCOHOL INTOXICATION AND WITHDRAWAL - IIIb: Studies in Alcohol Dependence
Edited by Milton M. Gross. 1977
Volume 86A
PROTEIN CROSSLINKING: Biochemical and Molecular Aspects
Edited by Mendel Friedman. 1977
Volume 86B
PROTEIN CROSSLINKING: Nutritional and Medical Consequences
Edited by Mendel Friedman. 1977
Volume 87
HYPOTHALAMIC PEPTIDE HORMONES AND PITUITARY REGULATION
Edited by John C. Porter. 1977
Volume 88
AVIAN IMMUNOLOGY
Edited by Albert A. Benedict. 1977
Volume 89
MUCUS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
Edited by Max Elstein and Dennis V. Parke .1977
Volume 90
PARKINSON'S DISEASE: Neurophysiological, Clinical, and Related Aspects
Fflit"fI hv Fathv S. Messiha and Alexander D. Kenny. 1977
ALCOHOL INTOXICATION
AND WITHDRAWAL-IIIh
Studies in Alcohol Dependence
Edited by
Milton M. Gross
Downstate Medical Center
State University of New York
Brooklyn, New York
PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
Alcohol intoxication and withdrawal - III.
(Advances in experimental medicine and biology; v. 85A-85B)
CONTENTS: a. Biological effects of alcohol. - b. Studies in alcohol dependence.
1. Alcoholism - Congresses. 2. Alcohol - Physiological effect - Congresses. I.
Gross, Milton M. II. International Council on Alcohol and Addictions. Biomedical
Alcohol Research Section. III. Series.
RC565.A4433 616.8'61 77.21537
ISBN-I3 978-1-4615-9040-8 e-ISBN-I3 978-1-4615-9038-5
DOl 10.1007/978-1-4615-9038-5
Proceedings of the second half of the Third Biennial International Interdisciplinary
Symposium of the Biomedical Alcohol Research Section, International Council of
Alcohol and Addictions, held in Lausanne, Switzerland, June 7-11, 1976
© 1977 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1977
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
227 West 17th Street, New York, N.Y. 10011
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
PREFACE
Dr. Milton M. Gross, the editor of these volumes, died on
July 29, 1976, after a brief illness. As chairman of the section
on Biomedical Research in Alcoholism of the I.C.A.A., he had plan
ned and brought to fruition the international "Symposium on Alcohol
Intoxication and Withdrawal" which had taken place in Lausanne the
month before. He was particularly proud of the distinguished group
of scientists he had helped to assemble and was eagerly looking for
ward to the publication of these proceedings which he hoped would
extend our understanding of the phenomenology of alcoholism.
Milton Gross was a most unusual man in the extent and range
of his activities and accomplishments. He was a certified psy
chiatrist and psychoanalyst, a recognized clinical researcher, the
author of more than fifty scientific papers, and the editor of
three important volumes on alcohol intoxication and withdrawal.
He was extremely active in the scientific world of alcoholism as
planner and coordinator of three international conferences, as
chairman of the section on Biomedical Research of the I.C.A.A.,
and as a member of a W.H.O. Task Force on Alcoholism. In addition,
he was very active in a variety of scientific and service committees
in national and local organizations.
His interests were by no means purely scientific. He was a
serious collector of African and pre-Columbian artefacts and was
considered highly knowledgeable in each of these areas. Yet, these
extensive commitments did not prevent him from spending a great deal
of time with his family and friends, for whom he always showed the
greatest consideration. He had a tremendous capacity for living
which was manifest in his warmth and good humor.
As long-standing friends and collaborators of Milton Gross, we
have undertaken to complete the publication of these volumes. All
of the manuscripts were solicited by him as the organizer of the
conference; the richness of the coverage is due to his thorough
absorption in the field. Our own task has been the relatively minor
one of harassing authors for delinquent papers and preparing manu
scripts for the publishers. The major task of editing was done by
v
PREFACE
the section editors, H. Barry, B. Chance, K. Eriksson, D. Goldstein,
Y. Israel, M. Jouvet, H. Kalant, C. S. Lieber, A.-L. Myrsten,
P. Nathan, E. P. Noble, R. Thurman, U. S. von Euler, J. P. von Wart
burg, H. W~llgren and J. Woods. For their efforts we are extremely
grateful. Whatever praise there may be for carrying out Milton
Gross' work, must certainly go to them.
Henri Begleiter
Benjamin Kissin
CONTENTS OF VOLUME III b
Contents of Volume III a xiii
Section VII. RELEVANCE OF ANIMAL MODELS OF PHYSICAL
DEPENDENCE TO THE ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
SYNDROME IN HUMANS
D. Goldstein, Chairperson
1. Prevention of Ethanol Withdrawal Seizures in Mice
by Local Anesthetics and Dextro-Propranolol 1
G. Freund
2. Comparison of Ethanol Withdrawal Syndrome in
Humans and Rats . . . • . • . . . 15
E. Majchrowicz
3. Barbiturate Withdrawal Syndrome in Cats . . . . • 25
M. Okamoto, H. C. Rosenberg, and N. R. Boisse
4. Alcohol Withdrawal Reactions in Rhesus Monkeys 43
W. A. Pieper and M. J. Skeen
5. Alcohol Withdrawal Syndromes in the Human:
Comparison with Animal Models • . • 57
H. Kalant
Section VIII. COMPARATIVE MECHANISMS OF TOLERANCE TO
AND DEPENDENCE ON ALCOHOL, BARBITURATES,
AND OPIATES
H. Kalant, Chairperson
1. Alterations of Macromolecule Biosynthesis after
Chronic Administration of Opiates and
Ethanol • • . • . . • • • • • • . 65
H. H. Loh, N. M. Lee, and R. A. Harris
vii
viii CONTENTS OF VOLUME Illb
2. On the Possibility that Opiate and Ethanol
Actions are Mediated by Similar
Mec hanisms . . . . . • . . • . • • 87
E. Eidelberg
3. A Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Narcotics,
Alcohol and the Barbiturates on the
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis • . . . 95
T. J. Cicero and T. M. Badger
4. Neuronal Aspects of Opiate Dependence and Tolerance
in Comparison to Central Depressants 117
A. Herz, W. Zieglgansberger, R. Schulz,
J. P. Fry, and M. Satoh
5. Opiate Receptors and Endogenous Opioid Peptides
in Tolerance and Dependence . . . . . . 141
H. W. Kosterlitz and J. Hughes
6. Role of Catecholamines in the Development of
Tolerance to Barbiturates and Ethanol 155
B. Tabakoff, R. F. Ritzmann, and
P. L. Hoffman
7. Comparative Aspects of Tolerance to, and
Dependence on, Alcohol, Barbiturates,
and Opiates . . . . • . . . . . . . . 169
H. Kalant
Section IX. ADDITIONAL STUDIES IN NON-HUMAN ANIMALS
H. Barry III, Chairperson
A.-L. Myrsten, Co-chairperson
1. Effects of Alcohol on Ganglion Cell Receptive
Field Properties and Sensitivity in the
Frog Retina . . . • . • . . . . . . . . 187
A.-C. Backstrom
2. Persistence of Brain Hyperexcitability Following
Chronic Alcohol Exposure in Rats . . . . 209
H. Begleiter and B. Porjesz
3. Alteration of Ethanol Preference in Hamsters:
Effects of Photoperiod and
5-Hydroxytryptophan . • 223
I. Geller and R. J. Hartmann
CONTENTS OF VOLUME Ilib ix
4. Behavioral Changes after Chronic Ethanol
Treatment • • . • • • . . • 235
S. Liljequist and J. Engel
5. Comparison of the Effects of Alcohol,
Chlordiazepoxide, and ~9-Tetrahydro
cannabinol on Intraspecies Aggression
in Rats •••.• .•.•.. 251
K. A. Miczek and H. Barry, III
6. The Temporal and Volumetric Components of Stress
Induced Drinking in Rats . . . . . • 265
K. C. Mills, J. W. Bean, J. S. Hutcheson,
and J. A. Ewing
7. Physiological and Behavioral Normalizing Actions
of a Single Alcohol Dose in Mice . . . • 293
T. E. Reed
8. The Effects of Sodium Phenobarbital on
Voluntary Ethanol Consumption in Rats . • .• •. 305
D. B. Rondeau, M. J. Wayner,
F. B. Jolicoeur, and L. P. Dwoskin
Section X. ADDITIONAL STUDIES IN HUMANS
A.-L. Myrsten, Chairperson
H. Barry III, Co-chairperson
1. Interaction of Alcohol with Psychological Stress 319
A.-L. Myrsten
2. The Effect of Low Dose Intravenous Alcohol on
Human Information Processing 333
K. C. Mills and J. A. Ewing
3. Alcohol and Interpersonal Aggression 345
R. E. Boyatzis
4. Drinking Practices and Cognitive Functioning 377
E. S. Parker and E. P. Noble
5. Sleep in alcoholic Patients: Longitudinal
Findings 389
O. H. Rundell, H. L. Williams, and
B. K. Lester
x CONTENTS OF VOLUME IIlb
6. The Toxicity of Ethanol: A Tentative
Risk Evaluation . 403
U. Rydberg and S. Skerfving
7. Introduction to the Papers on Operant
Conditioning and Alcohol Intake 421
J. H. Woods
8. Metabolic and Endocrine Pathology During Hangover • • •• 423
R. H. Ylikahri and M. O. Huttunen
Section XI. OPERANT CONDITIONING AND ALCOHOL INTAKE
J. Woods, Chairperson
1. Drinking of Ethanol by Rhesus Monkeys:
Experimental Strategies for
Establishing Ethanol as a Reinforcer 443
R. A. Meisch and J. E. Henningfield
2. Animal Model of Alcoholism: Critique and Progress . . .. 465
J. L. Falk and M. Tang
3. Self-Administration of Sedatives by Humans 495
R. Pickens, M. R. Cunningham, L. L. Heston,
E. Eckert, and L. K. Gustafson
4. Chronic Alcohol Drinking and Subsequent Withdrawal
in Rats Exposed to Different Diurnal
Distributions of Schedule-Induction
Sessions 503
R. M. Gilbert
5. Pharmacological Influences Upon Human Ethanol
Self-Administration . . . • . • 523
G. E. Bigelow, R. R. Griffiths, and
I. A. Liebson
6. Temporal Patterns of Voluntary Alcohol Intake . . . . .. 539
D. B. Goldstein
Section XII. CRAVING AND ALCOHOL INTAKE
P. Nathan, Chairperson
1. The Dipsogenic Effect of Alcohol and the Loss
of Control Phenomenon . . • • . . . . 547
D. M. Lawson
