Alcohol and Drug Misuse: A Handbook for Students and Health Professionals

478 Pages·2008·3.44 MB·English

by  G. Hussein Rassool

ALCOHOL AND DRUG MISUSE
During recent years, the misuse of nicotine, alcohol, prescribed medications, over-the-
counter drugs and illicit psychoactive substances has increased dramatically, resulting
in health and socio-economic problems – to which every health care professional will
need to recognise and respond.
Written by an experienced author and lecturer, this five-part text presents an
introduction to alcohol and drug misuse and provides:
• an understanding of alcohol and drug misuse, and the nature and theories of
addiction, as well as a historical overview and discussion of policy initiatives in
contemporary society;
• an understanding of the problems associated with psychoactive substances and
their impact on groups such as Black and ethnic minorities, young people, women,
older people and the homeless;
• the generic role responses to substance misuse in a variety of different settings
and contexts, including primary care, community and hospitals;
• a framework for assessment, care planning, harm reduction approach, dealing
with overdose, intoxication and withdrawals, and psychological and pharma-
cological interventions;
• a skills-oriented approach to assist students and practitioners in dealing with drugs
and alcohol misuse with a ccessible information about clinical issues, education and
practice.
Alcohol and Drug Misusetakes into account current policy initiatives and practice for
substance use and misuse and includes a range of pedagogical features to enhance
learning. It is essential reading for nursing and health students taking substance misuse
modules, as well as related CPD courses for health care professionals.
G. Hussein Rassool is Director of the Inter-Cultural Therapy Centre and Visiting
Professor of Addiction and Mental Health at the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão
Preto, Brazil.

ALCOHOL AND DRUG MISUSE
A HANDBOOK FOR STUDENTS AND
HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
G. Hussein Rassool
First published 2009
by Routledge
2Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group; an informa business
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2009.
To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s
collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.
© 2009 G. Hussein Rassool
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in
any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Acatalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Rassool, G. Hussein.
Alcohol and drug misuse : a handbook for students and
health professionals/G. Hussein Rassool.
p. ; cm.
In cludes bibliographical references.
1. Substance abuse–Handbooks. manuals, etc.
2. Alcoholism—Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Substance-Related Disorders. 2. Harm Reduction. 3. Health Policy.
4. Substance-Related Disorders—prevention & control. WM 270 R228a 2008]
RC564.R33 2008
616.86—dc22 2008009169
ISBN 0-203-87117-0 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN 10: 0–415–40965–9 (hbk)
ISBN 10: 0–415–40967–5 (pbk)
ISBN 13: 978–0–415–40965–0 (hbk)
ISBN 13: 978–0–415–40967–4 (pbk)
Dedicated to Yasmin Soraya, Adam Ali Hussein, Reshad Hassan,
Safian, Hassim, Mohamed Ally and Najmul Hussein.
Knowledge is of two kinds: that which is absorbed and that which is
heard. And that which is heard does not profit if it is not absorbed.
Ali Ibn Abi Talib (RadiAllah Anhu)

CONTENTS
List of figures and tables xi
Preface xv
Structure of the book xvii
Acknowledgements xix
PART 1
Overview of substance misuse and policy initiatives 1
1 Introduction to substance use and misuse 3
2 Self-awareness and attitude 13
3 Historical overview 22
4 Theories of addiction 34

5 Nature of addiction 46
6 Policy initiatives and strategy in alcohol and drug use 56
PART 2
Psychoactive substances 71
7 Alcohol 73
8 Opiates 90
9 Cannabis 102
10 Stimulants: amphetamines, cocaine and khat 112
11 Hallucinogens 130
VIII CONTENTS
12 Anabolic steroids, amyl and butyl nitrite, hypno-sedatives, volatile
substances, over-the-counter drugs, smart and eco-drugs 149
13 Nicotine addiction 162
PART 3
Special issues and populations 175
14 Blood-borne infections 177
15 Alcohol and drug use in women 193
16 Psychiatric disorders and substance misuse (dual diagnosis) 208
17 Alcohol and drug misuse in Black and ethnic minority communities 226
18 Vulnerable people: elderly and homeless people and alcohol and
drug misuse 242
19 Young people: alcohol and drug misuse 252
PART 4
Role, prevention and strategies for change 261
20 Generic role in response to alcohol and drug misuse 263
21 Prevention and health education approaches to substance misuse 281
22 Strategies in helping people to change 298

23 Working with diversity: cultural competence 309
PART 5
Care planning and intervention strategies 323
24 Framework for assessment, risk assessment and screening 325
25 Care planning: principles and practice 344
26 Psychosocial and pharmacological interventions 358
27 Harm reduction approach 377
28 Intoxication and overdose: health interventions 389
29 Drug misuse: pharmacological and psychosocial interventions 400
CONTENTS IX
30 Alcohol misuse: pharmacological and psychosocial interventions 412
31 Smoking cessation: healthcare interventions 425
32 Competence and professional development 436
Index 446