Alchemy, Medicine, and Religion in the China of Ad 320: The Nei P’Ien of Ko Hung (Taoism)

437 Pages·1967·1.73 MB·English

by  James R. Ware

Alchemy, Medicine, and Religion in the China of A.D.
320: The Nei P'ien of Ko Hung
1. Alchemy, Medicine, and Religion in the China of A.D. 320: The Nei P'ien
of Ko Hung
2. The MIT Press
3. Table of Contents
4. Introduction
5. 20 Introduction
6. Author’s Preface
7. God (the Mystery) Defined
8. Genii
9. Rejoinder to Popular Conceptions
10. Gold and Cinnabar
11. The Ultimate System
12. The Meaning of “Subtle”
13. Objections Countered
14. Resolving Hesitations
15. What We Mean by “God"
16. 10
17. The Genie’s Pharmacopoeia
18. Chapter Eleven
19. The Genie's Pharmacopoeia 181
20. The Genie's Pharmacopoeia 183
21. 184 Chapter Eleven
22. The Discussion Period
23. 13
24. 15
25. The Yellow and The White
26. 17
27. i8
28. 19
29. Index
30. Lu - |in g 4 A. h - 2a2
31. Index
32. Index
33. A Taoist Library
34. Taoist Library
35. Taoist Library
36. Amulets
37. The Chinese Dynasties
Alchemy, Medicine, and Religion in
the China of A.D. 320: The Nei P'ien
of Ko Hung
Ware, James R.
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ALCHEMY, MEDICINE, RELIGION in the China of a.d. 320
In Memoriam
MARCEL GRANET
Directeur d’Etudes a VEcole des Hautes Etudes Professeur a VEcole des
Langues Orientates Administrateur de VInstitut des Hautes Etudes Chinoises de
Paris
and
TENNEY L. DAVIS
Professor of Organic Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology
hi
Foreword
The basic Chinese text for Ko Hung’s Neip’ien is available in the 1885 edition
of Sun Hsing-yen’s P’ ing-chin-kuan ts'ung-shu. Throughout this text, references
of Sun Hsing-yen’s P’ ing-chin-kuan ts'ung-shu. Throughout this text, references
to this original text are indicated in the margins, giving the chapter, page
number, side [recto (a) or verso (/?)], and column (e.g., 2.4/78 signifies chapter
2, page 4, verso, column 8). References to Ko Hung’s autobiography, which
forms part of the Introduction, are preceded by the letter A.
In references to China’s Dynastic Histories, I have used the T’u-shu-chi-ch’eng
yin-shu-chii edition. For the Philosophers I have used The Twenty-two
published by Che-chiang shu-chii in 1901 and, when necessary, The Hundred
published in 1927 by Sao-yeh-shan fang. For The Analects of Confucius,
Mencius, and Chuang Chou, the references are to my own translations. 1 The
publications of the late Professor H. Maspero (Journal Asiatique, Vol. 229
[1937] and Le Taoisme, Paris, 1950) and TT 900 (Synonyms for Minerals and
Medicines) were indispensable, and the notes of Y. Ishi-jima (Tokyo, 1942) and
Father E. Feifel ( Monumenta Serica Vol. 6 [1941] et seq.) have been helpful.
The late Professor T. L. Davis also worked with this text ( Proceedings of the
American Academy of Arts and Sciences Vol. 70 [1935] et seq.) out of his
interest in the history of alchemy. The terms for
1 New American Library, New York, 1955, i960, and 1963.
Vll
minerals and plants can only be, for the present translator, the definitions found
in available dictionaries and vocabularies.
An asterisk in the text signifies that the work referred to is listed in Ko Hung’s
Nei p’ien 19.
Chinese words are transliterated according to the long-established Wade-Giles
system, now used by writers in most western languages except French. Any
consonant or group of consonants followed by an apostrophe (in origin, the
Greek rough breathing) is to be pronounced approximately as in English; the
apostrophe is merely indicative of this fact. The other consonants roughly
approximate these English sounds: ch is approximately j, t is d, p is b, k is g, ts is
dz , and j and -ih are approximately r.
In Chinese personal names the surname or family name is given first; thus Ko
Hung is Mr. Ko, and Shen-t’u P’an is Mr. Shen-t’u. The rest of the name
corresponds to our first name.
The translator is grateful to the Administrative Committee of the Harvard
Foundation for a grant from the Joseph H. Clark Fund subventioning preparation
of the typescript. For actual publication of this translation, his first deep bow of
gratitude must be to Professor Nathan Sivin.
Cambridge, Massachusetts March ji, ig 66
James R. Ware
Abbreviations
A: Ko Hung’s autobiography = ch. 50 of his Wai p’ien.
Ana: Analects of Confucius.
ChanKT: Chan kuo ts’e, pre-Han historical romance (1869 Hu-pei ch’ung-wen
shu-chu ed.).
Chen kao: T’ao Hung-ching’s (a.d. 500) poem on Taoist arcana (1915 Chin-ling
ts’ung-shu, pt. 2).
CWu tzu: China’s first collection of belles-lettres (tr. D. Hawkes, Oxford 1959).
Chuang: The Sayings of Chuang Chou.
Ch’uanHHW: from 1894 ed. of miscellaneous Pre-T’ang prose collected by the
Manchu Dynasty scholar Yen K’o-chun.
CS: History of Chin.
CTS: Old T’ang History.
HanF: Philosophical writings of Han Fei (250 b.c.).
HHS: Flistory of Second Han.
PINT: Huai-nan tzu , Liu An’s (100 b.c.) Taoist compendium.
HS: History of First Han.
KshihC: Kao shih chuan , Huang-fu Mi’s (a.d. 260) Biographies of Eminent