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A.M.Turing 2013/3/12 10:19 Page i #1
Alan Turing
HISWORKANDIMPACT
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A.M.Turing 2013/3/8 15:34 Page iii #3
Alan Turing
HIS WORK AND IMPACT
Editedby
S.BARRYCOOPER
UniversityofLeeds,UK
and
JANVANLEEUWEN
UtrechtUniversity,TheNetherlands
AMSTERDAM•BOSTON•HEIDELBERG•LONDON
NEWYORK•OXFORD•PARIS•SANDIEGO
SANFRANCISCO•SINGAPORE•SYDNEY•TOKYO
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A.M.Turing 2013/3/12 10:19 Page iv #4
Elsevier
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A.M.Turing 2013/3/8 16:29 Page v #1
List of Contributors
AlastairAbbott
DepartmentofComputerScience,TheUniversityofAuckland,Auckland,NewZealand
SamsonAbramsky
DepartmentofComputerScience,OxfordUniversity,Oxford,UK
HenkBarendregt
Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Faculty of Science, Radboud University,
Nijmegen,TheNetherlands
CraigBauer
DepartmentofPhysicalSciences,YorkCollegeofPennsylvania,York,PA,USA
AnthonyBeavers
Philosophy&CognitiveScience,TheUniversityofEvansville,Evansville,IN,USA
Vero´nicaBecher
DepartamentodeComputacio´n,FacultaddeCienciasExactasyNaturales,UniversidaddeBuenos
AiresandCONICET,CiudadUniversitaria,BuenosAires,Argentina
NelsonH.F.Beebe
DepartmentofMathematics,UniversityofUtah,SaltLakeCity,UT,USA
HenriBerestycki
UniversityofChicago,andL’E´coledeshautese´tudesensciencessociales(EHESS),Paris,France
MeurigBeynon
DepartmentofComputerScience,UniversityofWarwick,Coventry,UK
MarkBishop
DepartmentofComputing,Goldsmiths,UniversityofLondon,NewCross,London,UK
LenoreBlum
SchoolofComputerScience,CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA,USA
RodneyBrooks
Emeritus Professor of Robotics, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT,
Cambridge,USA
CristianCalude
DepartmentofComputerScience,TheUniversityofAuckland,Auckland,NewZealand
GregoryChaitin
ProfessorofMathematics,FederalUniversityofRiodeJaneiro(UFRJ),RiodeJaneiro,Argentina
JackCopeland
SchoolofSocialandPoliticalSciences,UniversityofCanterbury,Christchurch,NewZealand
v
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A.M.Turing 2013/3/8 16:29 Page vi #2
vi ListofContributors
MartinDavis
DepartmentofMathematics,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,USA
DanielDennett
CenterforCognitiveStudies,TuftsUniversity,Medford,MA,USA
ArturEkert
MathematicalInstitute,UniversityofOxford,Oxford,UKandCentreforQuantumTechnologies,
NationalUniversityofSingapore,Singapore
SolomonFeferman
DepartmentofMathematics,StanfordUniversity,Stanford,CA,USA
LucianoFloridi
School of Humanities, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, and Department of Computer
Science,UniversityofOxford,Oxford,UK
JulietFloyd
PhilosophyDepartment,BostonUniversity,Boston,MA,USA
LanceFortnow
SchoolofComputerScience,GeorgiaInstituteofTechnology,Atlanta,USA
EinarFredriksson
IOSPress,Amsterdam,TheNetherlands
NicholasGessler
InformationScience&InformationStudies,DukeUniversity,Durham,NC,USA
RainerGlaschick
Paderborn,Germany
DavidHarel
Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, The Weizmann Institute of Science,
Rehovot,Israel
JohnHarper
Retired,HonoraryFellowoftheBritishComputerSociety
DennisHejhal
SchoolofMathematics,UniversityofMinnesota,Minneapolis,MN,USA
AndrewHodges
WadhamCollege,OxfordUniversity,Oxford,UK
DouglasHofstadter
CollegeofArtsandSciences,CenterforResearchonConceptsandCognition,IndianaUniversity,
Bloomington,IN,USA
TobyHoward
SchoolofComputerScience,TheUniversityofManchester,Manchester,UK
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A.M.Turing 2013/3/8 16:29 Page vii #3
ListofContributors vii
CliffJones
SchoolofComputingScience,NewcastleUniversity,Newcastle,UK
RichardJozsa
DAMTP,CentreforMathematicalSciences,UniversityofCambridge,Cambridge,UK
JanvanLeeuwen
DepartmentofInformationandComputingSciences,UtrechtUniversity,Utrecht,TheNetherlands
DavidLevy
IntelligentToysLtd,London,UK
PhilipMaini
CentreforMathematicalBiology,MathematicalInstitute,OxfordUniversity,Oxford,UK
GiulioManzonetto
LIPN-InstitutGalile´e,Universite´ Paris-Nord,Villetaneuse,France
HansMeinhardt
Max-Planck-Institutfu¨rEntwicklungsbiologie,Tu¨bingen,Germany
PeterMillican
FacultyofPhilosophy, OxfordUniversity,Oxford,UK
JamesD.Murray
ProfessorEmeritus,MathematicalInstitute,UniversityofOxford,Oxford,UK
AndrewOdlyzko
SchoolofMathematics,UniversityofMinnesota,Minneapolis,MN,USA
ChristosPapadimitriou
EECSDepartment,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,USA
RinusPlasmeijer
Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Faculty of Science, Radboud University,
Nijmegen,TheNetherlands
AntoninoRaffone
DepartmentofPsychology,SapienzaUniversityofRome,Rome,Italy
MichaelRathjen
SchoolofMathematics,UniversityofLeeds,Leeds,UK
BernardRichards
EmeritusProfessorofMedicalInformatics,UniversityofManchester,Manchester,UK
AnthonyEdgar“Tony”Sale,FBCS(30January1931–28August2011)
FoundermemberBletchleyParkTrust,leaderColossusrebuildproject
PeterT.Saunders
DepartmentofMathematics,King’sCollege,Strand,London,UK
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A.M.Turing 2013/3/8 16:29 Page viii #4
viii ListofContributors
KlausSchmeh
Gelsenkirchen,Germany
HumaShah
SchoolofSystemsEngineering,UniversityofReading,Reading,UK
WilfriedSieg
DepartmentofPhilosophy,CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA,USA
AaronSloman
SchoolofComputerScience,UniversityofBirmingham,Birmingham,UK
AlanSlomson
SchoolofMathematics,UniversityofLeeds,Leeds,UK
PaulSmolensky
DepartmentofCognitiveScience,TheJohnsHopkinsUniversity,Baltimore,MD,USA
RobertI.Soare
DepartmentofMathematics,TheUniversityofChicago,Chicago,IL,USA
LudwigStaiger
Institutfu¨rInformatik,Martin-Luther-Universita¨t,Halle,Germany
MichaelStay
Google Inc., CA, USA, and Department of Computer Science, The University of Auckland,
Auckland,NewZealand
KarlSvozil
Institutfu¨rTheoretischePhysik,TechnischeUniversita¨tWien,Vienna,Austria
JonathanSwinton
Physiomicsplc,OxfordSciencePark,Oxford,UK
ChristofTeuscher
ECEDepartment,PortlandStateUniversity,Portland,OR,USA
K.VelaVelupillai
DepartmentofEconomics,UniversityofTrento,Trento,Italy
TomVickers
Retired, Manager computing service that developed and used the Pilot ACE, at National Physical
Laboratory(NPL),Teddington,London,UK
PaulVita´nyi
CWI,Amsterdam,TheNetherlands
KevinWarwick
SchoolofSystemsEngineering,UniversityofReading,Reading,UK
FrodeWeierud
LePreVert,Prevessin-Moens,France
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A.M.Turing 2013/3/8 16:29 Page ix #5
ListofContributors ix
PhilipWelch
SchoolofMathematics,UniversityofBristol,Bristol,UK
Jirˇ´ıWiedermann
InstituteofComputerScience,AcademyofSciencesoftheCzechRepublic,Prague,
CzechRepublic
StephenWolfram
WolframResearch,Champaign,IL,USA
MikeYates
EmeritusProfessorofMathematics,UniversityofManchester,Manchester,UK
SandyL.Zabell
DepartmentofMathematics,NorthwesternUniversity,Evanston,IL,USA
Description:"The fact remains that everyone who taps at a keyboard, opening a spreadsheet or a word-processing program, is working on an incarnation of a Turing machine."-TIME In this accessible new selection of writings by Information Age pioneer Alan Turing, readers will find many of the most significant cont