Table Of ContentAlsoa vaiflorambC loetn iunmu:
DonnHaa rawayL:i vTeh eryo,JospehS hcneider
FredJraimce sLoinv:Te h oery, IaBnu chna na
GayaCthraik rSapivvkoaL:ri tyTv hee oMrya,r Ska nders
HeleCnixeou s:L iTvheoery ,I aBnl ythSeu saSanlendl ers
JacquDeesr riLdiav:Te h rye,JoaemsK .A .S mith
JeaBna udrilLliavTrehd e:o rPya,uH leg arty
Judith ButTlheero:,Vry LiiycvK kei rby
JuliKari stLeivvaTe:h rye,JoohnL echatnMdea rMiaar gnair o
Z
itLeikvT:eh eory, ReBxu lter
AlaiBna dioLui:v Teh eory
Oliver Feltham
.\\
continuum
ContinuIunmt neartionPaulb lishGirnogu p
TheT oweBru ilding 80M aideLna ne
11Y orRk oad Suit7e0 4
LondoSnE 1 7NX New YorNkY 10038
www.continuumbooks.com
© OlivFeerl tha2m0 08
Alrli ghrtess erveNdop. a rotf tphuibsl icamtaiyob ne r eproducoertd r ansmititnae ndy
formo rb ya nym eans,e lectroonrmi ecc hanicianlc,l udpihnogt ocopyriencgo,r ding,
ora nyi nformatsitoonr aogrer etriesvyaslt ewmi,t hopurti opre rmissiinow nr itifnrgo m
thep ublishers.
BritiLsihb raCrayt aloguing-in-PubDlaitcaa tion
A catalogrueec orfdo trh ibso oki sa vailafbrloemt heB ritiLsihb rary.
ISBN10H:B :0 8264 9692 X
PB:0 8264 9693 8
ISBN13 HB:9 78-0 8264 9692 8
PB:9 78-0 8264 9693 5
LibraorfyC ongresCsa taloging-in-PubDlaitcaa tion
A catalroegc orfdo trh ibso oki sa vailafbrloemt h eL ibraorfCy o ngress.
TypesebytR efineCaLticmhi teBdu,n gayS,u ffolk
Printaendd b oundi nG reaBtr itabiynM PG BooksL tdB,o dminC,o rnwall
Contents
Ackneogdwelments vi
Abbreviations Vll
ThAel thiuasYnsea errEspi:s teyma onltdoh gPerd ouction
ofC hange
2 Maoiasnmtd h Dei alectic 32
3 Se-htteyoO rntolaongdy M tohdele ilonfCg h nage 84
4 LivBea diou 136
Notes 104
Bbiilography 152
NamIen dex 185
Acknowledgements
Int hree asrecahn lde adt-owu rpi ttihnbigos o iknt hseu mmaenrd
aumtnuo f2 00iw7ta s excwhiatonhteg hrre esas rechtehrhaset l mpeed
findm yw ayo ut ad oafr vka llreseyae crhewrhoss oew nw oriks
contailpnlruyo vobkye dto hfBa atd :iJ oausBoarnk ,eB rruBneos ana,
RayB arsiseLro,nr ezoC hi,eJ suastCielnm e,nE sliDeui rn,g Felix
Ens,sZ lacihnye rLaFkares, eS riiJgottk,aP netdeHtra llwDaomridn,i ek
Hoe,nG sernKoatm e,cQ kueentMienli loausxNs,i nPao w,eD ravid
Raobu,iF nraRnukd a,A aroSnc hu,sT tzuecrhiTehnoa ndA lberto
ToscaInt oh.a mnykc oalgleuesa nfdre indastt hAem reicUannie vrsity
ofP arfirots h eciorli laietlFgyi.n aIsl allymu ytI aetl iaannAd u stralian
faimlianetdsh atnehkm f rot hesiurp tpw ohritlheep ya sstehdrh o ug
theoiwrns ahdowvya llienwy hsis cuhn lwiagrshde tu cteoadt hread
butt har etahtda cafnlo lboe,wa esod nloyn ken owhso wB:ar bara
Formis.
Abbreviations
Thfelo lowaibnbgr evfiroaB tadiio'onasusri tclaenbdso owkilslb eu sed
int hbeo doyf ttehxet :
BE BeianngEd v ent
CM Le cocnedpemt o dele
CT Coutrratid t'eol nottgoriae nsitoire
DI Del 'ildoegioe
LM Logiqudeemsso ensd
MM 'MraqueeMt anuqe'
PP Peupte-nolsnpae lo ri tique?
RM 'eL( eR)coemnmcemelndati adqleue mceat tieirs'it ael
SI 'aLs ubveirnsfiisnoiinmte ae'l
TC Theodrei el a contradiction
TS Theodriuesj uet
TW TheoreWtriictailn gs
Chapter 1
TheA ltshrieuasYena rs
Epistemoalnodgyt heP roductoifo n
Change
Introduction
'Lmeo ndveac handgebe asr e'
'ThIen tetrinolaneFa'er,n cvhe rsion
Iites a rMlayy1 698Al.a iBna diaoh ui,gs hc-hpohoisllo oypt heacinh er
Roueniss,c hedtuogl ietvdhes e e copnardt alo efuc ritenL ouAliths us
sesrme'isnr oa np hiloya snosdpc hieanttc hee ipgrieEocsuotsNl oer male
1
Super.iJeacuqruReeasn ciereB,al iaEbrtF,ir eannnRceeogn iasu alntd
PieMrarceh earrepeyar ticiipnta htseie nmgri w nhaiicasht ntdeebdy
ovetrh rheuene ddpr eolpeT.h fier psartot fB adiloceut'usars eit,n ging
critoifpq ousei etpitivesimsotli oncg byye rincest satnrtduu craalnids m
ac afrueld isseocfCt arinopao nn t hmeat heamticcoanlc oefmp otd el,
haadl rebaededyne v elrieHdic.so lglueewsae raew aintoiotnny gl falu l
demonstorfta htceio onnco efp tm odel beuxtp laoalnnosa fiot t isa n
impofrort th ger eactoenrc oefrt nhssee mitnhaderi :s tnib newcteteino
scieannicddeo e lgoyt,h qeu esotfti hoeenm ergoefnne cwkne o wledge.
BuBta disoeuc'oscn tdu wrlaepes o psotnetdhs:et udheinttths set ertes,
thpea visntngoe bse gtaonfl ya,n dB adioaul,r eaande ypx erienced
milittharnotpu rgoht aegsatitsnh Alsegt e rWiaarnj, o itnheoedcc upa
tioofnp arto ft hEec olNeor malHeic.sh ireofwl aets o c alpmep ole
dowinn,c luRdeinSnecg rh eenro,w gtrhaeon ldmd a no fp hoisloypa ht
ParViIsIb Iut th eanna ffimreda ncahriksetet,nor atiypnwe rtiredso wn
2
ont hrei pootl wihcowe e rbeta terdionwtgnh feor ndto ro.Whena n
apparceanlrtme r tnuetdot hLea tQiuna rtert hEaecn odlN eom rale
carroinbe udns eisassu suBaadli,uo 'sc tluweraens e vreserce hudled.
Howev,e yrae laart erl ebcotrtuehrsf ecauseri dnw ritfrtoempn,u blished
byF ranM<;:aosieposra ndp raecfebdya w arntihnsagpt o okfte h tee xt's
'tohreeits'ima,cs signitito an' gp sacto jnnuctusrienn'co ew' nloo nger
2 AlaiBnad oiuL:i vTeh eyo r
3
cawne n amea t artag nendo hti it.t W'itht htiesx Btad,oi u'ersal y
percimooedts o c lao asnehd i sseo cndM,a oipsreti boedig nTsh.et ext,
4
just ibnpa rtcii,knIes ConcdeeMp otd eIttets.a rtig tseh fier osjbte ocft
thpeer secnhta pter.
Thef lolionwcgo rpofut sex ctosn stBiatoduuit''eeslsa wy ro kr':
'La'utmoinedou p orceshsiusst o'rC,ia qhiuA1aeerrxssit ess-tUensi ni
PariEsc:o Nloer lmeSa upieeruNroe1.,2 1 3j,ul iloectto1b69r6e,
7789.
'L(eR cemo)menecmendtel ad ialecmtaitqeur'ie,Ca r ltiiiqsutee,
TomeXX IIIN,o2 .4 0ma,1i 6 974,38 67.
'aLs uvbresiionnfi nilteeC'sa,ih mpiaoelru'sr a nNaob9.s, ueJn,1e 6 98
(Pa:Ir eGir spahe1,69 81)8,13 7.
'Mraqeue tM anquCea'h,pi eoruls'r a nNaobI.sO eJ,,a n16 99( Piasr:
IGer pahe1,69 9,1) 05 73.
Ie condceme opetdl( ePi asMr:a spe1r79o0,) .
Toc omlpettheli isos ntme u satd d etxhoett eetr:xsi scae roifde osc u
menatriienws h iBcadhi oiun tervitehlewe eaddF irnegnp chhio lpohsers
oft hdea yR ayomnAdr oGne,or gCeansg uhieliMmi,c hFeoulcu alt,
JeaHnyp polPiatuReli,o c euro np hiplhyo'sroset liaotnos oclioogy,
sciepnyscceh,o laonlgday ng.uT ahgeoenn meu satd tdh lee esxso teric
,5
invtieerwwi tMhi cehlS errseusb,t 'ioCtnlceedopf Mt o detlhfil,em .
Fin,a lltmyhoesi tm optranetx clufosrmit ohnpi hsi locsacolop rhpius
itsh oaftB adiseo raul'i weosrwtkh iiclshi atreIyrn.1 694a,tt htee nder
aego f2 ,5B adiopuu blihsifihsre nsdvot e All,m agTrqfeecsttoeisIr:ne v erse,
onoef a t riyli ongcnlguP doirtupluabnldsit ,sh hryeeaeer lsa rt,ae nda
thinrodlv Be,e stitahinarvteee asrpp, eraedg ivintgot hrteie smep ting
hpyotihse shtihesatn ti prheli osoaplph rjiocecti sas ubstfirott huet e
comploefat nii omnp oslsiritaberlyeg y6t .r ilo
Thepe rsetnetx ti tsiaesnil mfp obslsseui bst:teb ilitluaesda s hort
itnroducBtaidoinio itutn ,ot rsot dhureace deetroh iosue vrbeyf lolow
inhgio sw in notdrucothfi ionsna mien tthofie e lpdh iolfyo I.sb toge pihns
att hbee ginanniadnt gt etmobp ritiflsyfi rismtp iobsislrietsyt tihteu te
iinticaoln toefBx adti 'oswu orAlkt:h suesrd'iss tionfch tiisotlno rica
materiaanlddii sacmtl liem caateriaanlodi fss cmi,eea nncidd eology;
anJdac quAleasi-Mni lrl'cesr itoifFq rue'egfs euo ndtiaoonfa ritthimce.
A lonitgnr douctiwoonu rleds ttohprele a ocfSe ra tarneBd a cherlda
inB ad'iposhu liosolpa hnictceraasyn,rd e conhsitcsro umcprtle etlxia on
tot hdeo mnianitn tellml oevcetmueoanft ttihmeser t,u crtasulmin,o t
tom enitohni aslt lo bor ineafm ionfrg e scpteaabdlrvese ariinte hse
