Al-Tuwaijri, Hamad Ibrahim Abdul Rahman (1996) Political power and rule in Kuwait. PhD thesis ...

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Al-Tuwaijri, Hamad Ibrahim Abdul Rahman (1996) Political power and
rule in Kuwait. PhD thesis.

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POLITICAL POWER
AND RULE IN KUWAIT
Ph. D. Study by
HAMAD IBRAHIM ABDUL RAHMAN
AL-TUWAIJRI
Glasgow University
SCOTLAND
I
dedicate this Ph. D. to
my wife and children
Acknowlegment
directly
have
Many
or
persons contributed either
I like to tribute to
indirectly to this
pay and
work. would
by
them
to
mention some of name.
during this
1. My for her
compassion and support
wife
ordeal.
for
John Mattock deserves thanks
2. Professor
many
who
Ph. D. for his
my proposal and guidance,
accepting
friendship during the formulation this
of
support and
Ph. D. to Dr. James Montgomery
and
helped in
3. My thanks to the
all people who me
warmest
the tools for this
acquiring necessary research,
the I interviewed:
especially people
Shaykh Salem Sabah Al Salem Al Sabah
Mr. Ahmad Al Saadoun
Mr. Sulaiman Al Makames
Mr. Abdel Wahab Al Wazzan
4. Special thanks to Shaykh Salem Sabah Al Salem Al
Sabah for his for his
moral support and guidance
5. Special thanks to brother Abdul Rahman
also my eldest
Al Tuwaijri for his his belief in
guidance and and pride
me
3
CHAPTER ONE
Historyical Background the State Kuwait
of of
Location
-
Establishment
-
Name
Al-Sabah Family
CHAPTER TWO
Political Movements in Kuwait
CHAPTER THREE
1. Interview Shaykh Salem Sabah Al Salem Al
with
Sabah
2. Interview Mr. Sulaiman Al Makames
with
3. Interview Mr. Ahmad Al Saadoun
with
4. Interview Mr. Abdel Wahab Al Wazzan
with
5. Second interview Shaykh Salem Sabah Al
with
Salem Al Sabah
CHAPTER FOUR
The the Democratic Experience in
evaluation of
Kuwait
*** All have been in
arabic names and expressions given
the form in they A list
which most commonly occur. of
& in is
to the
such names expressions, arabic, appended
thesis.
4
Background
Historyical
State Kuwait
the
of
of
Establishment
Location
-
-
Family
Name Al-Sabah
-
* * *
Kuwait is located in the Northern the
section of
Arabian Gulf between Tropics 28 30 Meridians 46
and and
Its is 18,000 kilometers. It is
48.
and surface area square
by The
by Iraq the
bordered the
on north and on south
Kingdom Saudi Arabia. On the it is bordered by
of east,
Arabian Gulf, 290 KM. Part Kuwait is
the
with a coast of of
formed Nine Islands located in the Arabian Gulf:
of
Bobyan, Fylaka, Oha, Meskan, Warba, Kubar, Um Al
Maradem, Qaroh, Um Namel.
Bobyan is the biggest these Islands is located
of and
Kuwait City 415 KM.
north-east of with an area of square
It is
not populated.
Fylaka is by 5,300 It boasts Greek
populated people.
Monuments left by Alexander the Great Macedon.
of
The Islands
other are not populated.
The Kuwait derives from "Kut",
name a square magazine
the
of ammunition and supplies near sea, a river or a
lagoon, by to buy their
usually used ships supplies.
(Tareekh Al Kuwait Al Siyassi Hussein Khalaf AI-Shaykh Khazaal
- -
Chapter 1- Pages 18,19)
Kuwait by Al-
It is that the the
said name of was given
Sabah family their the Kut. Kuwait
after settlement near
is diminutive.
the
(Tareekh Al Kuwait Abdel Aziz Al-Rashid Page 32. Safahat
min
- -
Tareekh Al Kuwait Yussef Bin Issa Al-Oinai Page 11)
- -
KUWAIT'S FOUNDATION AND ITS POPULATION:
Most historians Amir Bani Khaled
that
established
agree
the Kut; however, differ the
prince
opinions, on whether
Mohammad Laska Barrak. One his lived
was or of slaves
in it looked it in to the Prince in his
and after order assist
Northern
raids.
(Tareekh Al Kuwait Page 32 ff. Kuwait Abra Al Tareekh Yussef Shehab
- -
Page 13 Satahat Tareekh Al Kuwait Yussef Bin Issa AI-0inai
min
- - - -
Page 11)
The frequented by farmers,
area was some nomads and
but to there.
nothing encouraged people settle
THE ARRIVAL OF THE SABAH FAMILY IN THE REGION:
Al-Sabah the Jamil Branch the famous
are members of of
Anza Family. Their is disputed
place of origin among
Historians but Najd is Their is
the
most probable. name
to Shaykh Sabah the first Bin Jaber Bin Salman
attributed
Bin Ahmad.
(Tareekh Al Kuwait Al Siyassi Chapter 1. Page 40. Kuwait Abra Al
-
Tareekh. Page 13. Tareekh Al Kuwait Page 33).
-
It is that AI-Sabah living in Al-Hadar in
established were
Al-Aflage in Najd. A dispute between
them
province arose
their the Jamil Branch, defeated them
and cousins of who
drove them Al-Hadar. The Sabah Family
then
and out of
took the Dowasser Tribe in the They
refuge with valley.
did however left
the
not seek a permanent stay and area
Al-Dowasser. They then to Al-
after conflict among
went
Muslim the Qatar the time. It is
who were rulers of at
that the Sabah family killed
reported a member of a
in Qatar, its them to leave. They
person so rulers asked
left by followed by AI-Muslim,
the
sea and were which
them to land Ras Tanoura they
prompted at where
Al-Muslim defeated
the them.
confronted and
(Tareekh Al Kuwait Abdel Aziz Al-Rashid. Page 35).
-
Another the is that Al-Muslim feared
the
version of story
Sabah family
the
them to
growing power of and asked
leave Qatar, they left boats in the 1086 H
which on year
6
Sabah family
(1676 AD). Al-Muslim to the
call
wanted
The
back followed to for this
them
and out sea purpose.
Sabah family thought that they had to fight them,
come
landed Ras Tanoura, they
they
and so near where
defeated them.
confronted and
(Tareekh Al Kuwait Al Siyassi Hussein Khalaf AI-Shaykh KhazaL Part 1.
-
Pages 40-4 1).
South
AI-Sabah then the
walked north and reached of
Kuwait in the Qurain In the 1125 H- 1714 AD9
region. year
Jamil Clan dispersed. Some them lived in AI-Sabia,
the
of
in Abadan lived in Thul AI-Mekhrak. Al-
others and others
Sabah Shat AI-Arab in the Um Qasser
settled near area,
they to
resorted piracy and raids, conventional
where
behavior that time in the to land
at region, similar raids.
The Sabah family later threatened by the Ottoman
was
Empire because their had to to Al-
of raids and move
Sabia, they joined their brothers the
where some of
Jamilians. The Thufair Tribe knew
their
of movements and
decided to them, but the Sabah family their
raid and
left the headed to Kuwait
cousins area and after asking
from Prince Bani-Khaled
the to
permission of settle near
the Kut in the 1128 H- 1715 AD.
year
(Tareekh Al Kuwait Al Siyassi Part 1 Page 40 ff. Tareekh Al Kuwait.
-
Page 35 fo
After their the Kut the Prince Bani
settlement near of of
Khaled, the Jamil family in trade
members of worked and
fishing, helped by the location Kuwait.
geographical of
With time the in to the
and advent of stability, addition
foreigners, families, family
three the
growing number of
Sabah Bin Jaber Bin Salman Bin Ahmad, the family
of of
Khalifa Bin Ahmad the family Jaber Bin Arhama
and of
(head Jalahma), formed in
the
of an alliance and agreed
1130 H- 1718 AD to Sabah Bin
year share responsibilities.
Jaber Khalifa Bin Mohammad
assumed rule, assumed
financial trade Jaber Bin Arhama
and responsibilities and
for
assumed responsibility sea-faring activities.
(Tareekh Al Kuwait Al Siyassi. Part 1. Page 42. Tareekh Al Kuwait Page
109. )
7
The Coalition
behind the formation the to
aim of was
foreign The
to
share power and counter any possible raid.
Sabah Bin Jaber due to his
selection of was probably
his two
wisdom and problem-solving capabilities, and
him We
to
colleagues agreed give unlimited authority.
therefore that this the Kuwait
may consider was start of
in 1130 H- 1718 AD.
as a state with a ruler,
8
RULERS
KUWAIT'S
1-
SABAH THE FIRST 1130 1190 H (1718 1776
- -
Sabah Bin Jaber Salman Bin Ahmad,
the
was ruler of
Kuwait during the tripartite Coalition, is
which considered
to be the date Kuwait founded. His began
when was rule
internal justice.
the
with enforcement of security and
Kuwait flourished famous for its
and was neighborly
He foreign Shaykh
qualities. also promoted relations with
Hamad Bin Gharir, Al-lhsaa, his
the
prince of sending
Shaykh Abdallah Bin Sabah bilateral
to
son, negotiate
Non-Aggression treaty. This
recognition and sign a
legitimized further the Shaykh Sabah
rule of as an
independent Kuwait. The foreign
ruler of promotion of
helped
trade, the
relations promote such as visit of
Shaykh Sabah headquarters Dutch East
to the the
of
Indian Company in the island Kharaj in the the
of north of
Gulf issues its Baron
to trade
negotiate with chairman,
Ben Hawzen. His failure did
to
reach an agreement not
he keen foreign
that
mean was not on promoting
relations.
(Tareekh Al Kuwait Al Siyassi. Part 1. Page 43-44. Kuwait Abra Al
Tareekh. Page 27. )
SHAYKH ABDALLAH THE FIRST BIN SABAH: 1190
-
1229 H (1776 1814 A
-
After the death Shaykh Sabah in 1776,
of rule was
by his Shaykh Abdallah Al-Sabah
assumed youngest son
due his
to
wisdom and courage, an example of which was
Shaykh Saadoun Bin Arar, the Prince Al-
shown when of
Ihsaa, Kuwait. Shaykh Abdallah Al-Sabah
ventured near
his Prince Saadoun's intention
to test
will, and
went
to be but he blamed Shaykh Abdallah Al-
peaceful,
proved
Sabah for him
receiving with only a small group of men
9