Table Of ContentAIRPORT DESIGN AND OPERATION
Third Edition
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AIRPORT DESIGN AND OPERATION
Third Edition
by
ANTONI´N KAZDA
University of Zˇ ilina, Zˇ ilina, Slovakia
ROBERT E. CAVES
Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK (Retired)
United Kingdom (cid:1) North America (cid:1) Japan
India (cid:1) Malaysia (cid:1) China
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EmeraldGroupPublishingLimited
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Firstedition2000
Secondedition2007
Thirdedition2015
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Dedication
We have written this book for all the fools who love the beautiful fragrance of the
burntkerosene.
TonyKazdaandBobCaves
We would like to thank our wives for their understanding during our writing,
becausethetimeinvolvedforthisworkwasstolenfromourfamilies.Alsowethank
‘little’ Zuzana and Tom for their help with language and the manipulation of
computersoftware.
Contents vii
C
ONTENTS
Abbreviations xv
Preface xxiii
Acknowledgements xxv
1. AirTransportandAirports 1
1.1. DevelopmentofAirports 1
1.2. Standards 14
1.2.1. ICAOLegislation 14
1.2.2. NationalStandardsandRecommendedPractices 17
1.3. AirportDevelopmentPlanning 18
2. PredictingTraffic 23
2.1. Introduction 23
2.2. TypesofForecastNeeded 23
2.3. MethodsofAnalysis 24
2.3.1. InformedJudgement 25
2.3.2. TrendExtrapolation 26
2.3.3. EconometricModels 27
2.3.4. TheTravelDecisions 30
2.3.5. ModalShares 30
2.3.6. DiscreteChoiceModels 31
2.3.7. RevealedandStatedPreferences 33
2.3.8. EffectsofSupplyDecisions 34
2.3.9. Uncertainty 34
2.3.10.ScenarioWriting 35
2.4. HistoricTrendsinTraffic 36
2.5. FactorsAffectingtheTrends 37
2.5.1. EconomicFactors 37
2.5.2. DemographicFactors 38
2.5.3. SupplyFactors 38
2.5.3.1. Costperpassengerkilometre(pkm) 38
2.5.3.2. Aircraftsize 39
viii AirportDesignandOperation
2.5.3.3. Costofinputfactors 39
2.5.3.4. Technology 40
2.5.3.5. Management 40
2.5.3.6. Capacityconstraints 40
2.5.3.7. Fares 41
2.5.4. EconomicRegulation 41
2.5.5. EnvironmentalRegulation 41
2.5.6. Cargo 42
2.6. Conclusions 42
3. AirportSiteSelectionandRunwaySystemOrientation 45
3.1. SelectionofaSitefortheAirport 45
3.2. UsabilityFactor 48
3.3. EffectofLow-VisibilityOperations 51
3.4. ControlofObstacles 62
3.5. OtherFactors 69
4. Runways 73
4.1. AerodromeReferenceCode 73
4.2. RunwayLength 77
4.3. DeclaredDistances 93
4.4. RunwayWidth 95
4.4.1. RunwayWidthRequirements 95
4.4.2. RunwayShoulders 96
4.4.3. RunwayTurnPads 97
4.5. RunwaySlopes 98
4.5.1. TransverseSlopes 98
4.5.2. LongitudinalSlopes 99
5. RunwayStripsandOtherAreas 103
5.1. RunwayStrips 103
5.2. Clearways 106
5.3. RunwayEndSafetyAreas 106
6. Taxiways 113
6.1. FunctionalCriteriaandTaxiwaySystemDesign 113
6.2. RapidExitTaxiways 115
6.3. TaxiwaySeparations 120
6.4. TaxiwayGeometry 122
7. Aprons 127
7.1. ApronRequirements 127
7.2. ApronSizing 128
7.3. ApronLocation 130
Contents ix
7.4. ApronConcepts 131
7.4.1. SimpleConcept 132
7.4.2. LinearConcept 132
7.4.3. OpenConcept 133
7.4.4. PierConcept 134
7.4.5. SatelliteConcept 135
7.4.6. HybridConcept 136
7.5. StandTypes 136
7.6. ApronCapacity 142
7.7. IsolatedAircraftParkingPosition 144
8. Pavements 145
8.1. Background 145
8.2. PavementTypes 146
8.2.1. UnpavedMovementAreas 147
8.2.2. Pavements 148
8.2.2.1. Useofhardsurfacepavements 148
8.2.2.1.1. Subgrade 149
8.2.2.1.2. Sub-base 150
8.2.2.1.3. Bearingcourse/basecourse 150
8.2.2.2. Flexible(asphalt)pavements 150
8.2.2.3. Rigid(concrete)pavements 152
8.2.2.4. Combinedpavements 158
8.2.2.5. Blockpaving 159
8.3. PavementStrength 160
8.3.1. Pavements-AircraftLoads 160
8.3.2. PavementStrengthReporting 162
8.3.3. OverloadOperations 167
8.4. RunwaySurface 168
8.4.1. RunwaySurfaceQualityRequirements 168
8.4.2. MethodsofRunwaySurfaceUnevennessAssessment
bytheDualMassMethod 168
8.4.3. PavementTexture 172
8.4.4. RunwayBrakingAction 176
8.5. PavementManagementSystem 180
9. AircraftGroundHandling 185
9.1. AircraftHandlingMethodsandSafety 185
9.2. AircraftGroundHandlingActivities 191
9.2.1. DeplaningandBoarding 191
9.2.2. SuppliesofPower,Air-Conditioningand
CompressedAir 195
9.2.3. CargoandBaggageLoading 195
9.2.4. PushBackOperations 197
