Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXVII

357 Pages·2021·11.166 MB·English

by  Clemens Mensink, Volker Matthias

Springer Proceedings in Complexity
Clemens Mensink
Volker Matthias   Editors
Air Pollution
Modeling and
its Application
XXVII
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·
Clemens Mensink Volker Matthias
Editors
Air Pollution Modeling
and its Application XXVII
Editors
ClemensMensink VolkerMatthias
VITONV Helmholtz-ZentrumHereon
Mol,Belgium Geesthacht,Germany
ISSN2213-8684 ISSN2213-8692 (electronic)
SpringerProceedingsinComplexity
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Organizing Committee
MembersoftheScientificCommitteeforthe37thInternationalTechnicalMeeting
onAirPollutionModelinganditsApplication
ClemensMensink,Belgium
EkaterinaBatchvarova,Bulgaria
WanminGong,Canada
AriKarppinen,Finland
LaurentDeguillaume,France
VolkerMatthias,Germany
MariaKanakidou,Greece
SilviaTriniCastelli,Italy
HildeFagerli,Norway
AnaIsabelMiranda,Portugal
OriolJorba,Spain
RenskeTimmermans,TheNetherlands
UlasIm,Turkey
TonyDore,UK
RohitMathur,USA
HonoraryLifeMembers
ChrisDeWispelaere,Belgium
DouwSteyn,Canada
Sven-ErikGryning,Denmark
WernerKlug,Germany
CarlosBorrego,Portugal
HanvanDop,TheNetherlands
S.T.Rao,USA
FrankSchiermeier,USA
v
Preface—50th Anniversary of ITM
This 37th edition of the International Technical Meeting (ITM) on Air Pollution
Modeling and its Application is a special edition because of the celebration of its
50thanniversary.
TheITMseriesofconferences wereinitiatedin1969undertheauspicesofthe
NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization’sCommitteeonChallengesofModernSociety
(NATO-CCMS).TheITMseriesbecameindependentofNATOsince2013.Overits
longhistory,theITMconferenceseriesprovidedabroadlyindependentinternational
meetingofthehighestscientificstature.ITMhasbecomeoneofthemostprominent
forumsfordiscussingthelatestscientificdevelopmentsandapplicationsrelatedto
airpollutionmodelingatscalesrangingfromlocaltoglobal.
Back in 1969, air quality researchers were actively involved in air pollution
modeling, notably in Gaussian dispersion modeling, both in the USA and Europe,
and the ITM was initiated as a platform where they could share knowledge and
experience. The fate of pollutants such as SO and black carbon were studied, as
2
wellasleaddeposition,anddispersionapplicationsrelatedtosecurityanddefense,
hencetheNATOumbrella.Later,othertypesofairqualitymodelsweredeveloped,
applied,anddiscussedintheITM,suchasthe3DEulerianandLagrangianmodels
to simulate long range transport of air pollutants. More recently, developments in
CFDsuchaslargeeddysimulations(LES)anddirectnumericalsimulations(DNS)
tostudylocalandmicro-scaleairpollutiongainedinterest.
Since the beginning of the nineties, ITM has shown a much stronger focus on
regional scale modeling, certainly after 1991, when part of the Gaussian disper-
sion modeling activities were taken over by the Harmonization Initiative and its
conferences. For an excellent overview of the activities over the past 50 years, we
refertothekeynotepaperpresentedbyDouwSteynattheITMinChaniain2016
whichappearedasabookchapterinthe35thITMproceedingswiththetitle“The
IntellectualHistoryofAirPollutionModelingasRepresentedbytheITMMeeting
Series.”
BesidesITM’scontributiontothescienceofairpollutionmodelinganditsappli-
cation,aspublishedintheSpringerProceedingsonComplexityseries,thereareat
vii
viii Preface—50thAnniversaryofITM
leasttwomoreaspectsoftheITMthathavesubstantiateditssuccessoverthelast50
years.
The second key to its success is ITM’s contribution to air quality policy and
legislation.Overthelast50years,strongeffortshavebeenmadetocleantheairand
toregulateairpollutingactivities,bothatnationalandinternationallevels.Thereis,
forexample,theCleanAirActintheUSAthathasaprovenrecordofpublichealth
andenvironmentalprotectionsince1970.VariousAirQualityDirectivesinEurope
gotinplacesince1970includingtheoverarchingAirQualityFrameworkDirective
in 1996 and its various extensions and revisions since then. The activities under
the UNECE Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution should be
mentionedhereaswell.Workthatstartedin1979wasextendedbyeightprotocols
up till now, e.g., by the Gothenburg protocol in 1999. Finally, it is important to
mentionthevariousnationalairqualityprogramsandplansinmanycountries.Over
the past 50 years, all this work was and stillis hugely supported and scientifically
underpinnedbytheairqualitymodelingworkpresentedatITM.
AthirdelementinthesuccessofITMisitsstrongcommunity.ITMhasalways
broughttogetherscientistsandpolicymakerstoexchangeknowledge,insights,and
ideas, as well as to inspire and share the feeling that the work we do is relevant
and contributes to a more sustainable world. This observation that ITM can build
on a strong community is, for example, shown by the fact that the return ratio of
participantsoverthelastyearsisupto60%.Sothatmeansthatmorethanhalfofits
participantswasthereatoneofthepreviousmeetings.Thisloyaltyandmaintained
interest in ITM are an important asset and strength. But even more important is
the fact that ITM keeps attracting young scientists and students and makes them
enthusiasticaboutourworkandourscientificdomain.Agoodillustrationisthatfor
this37thITMconference,wehaveattracted28youngscientistswhosubscribedfor
the 10th edition of Early Career Award, which is the contest for the best paper or
posterawardforresearchersunder35.
BasedonthesethreestrongpillarsofITM,i.e.,itscontributiontothescientific
developments, its societal relevance for air quality policy and legislation, and its
community that is both loyal and open for newcomers, ITM’s continuity and its
futurewillbeguaranteed.
Thisvolumecontainsthepapersandposterspresentedatthe37thInternational
Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and its Application, held at the
KatholischeAkademieinHamburg,fromSeptember23to27,2019.Itwasorganized
by Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon in Germany (host country) and VITO in Belgium
(pilotcountry).Itwasattendedby130participantsfrom24countries.Keynoteswere
givenbyAnnicaEkman(StockholmUniversity),SilviaTriniCastelli(NRC,Institute
ofAtmosphericSciencesandClimate),PeterBuiltjes(FreeUniversityBerlin),and
GuyBrasseur(MaxPlanckInstituteforMeteorology).
On behalf of the steering committee, we like to thank all who contributed to
the success of the meeting. We like to acknowledge the keynote speakers for their
outstandingcontributions,thesessionchairpersonsandrapporteursfortheirefforts,
and the institutions that organized and sponsored this conference: the team from
Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon for their financial and organizational support of ITM,
Preface—50thAnniversaryofITM ix
UniversityofHamburgforsupportingthisconference,Rambollforsponsoringthe
EarlyCareerAwards,andVITOinBelgiumforfinanciallysupportingsomeofthe
graduatestudentstoparticipateinthisconference.
The 38th ITM conference will take place in Barcelona, Spain, October 18–22,
2021.
Mol,Belgium ClemensMensink
Geesthacht,Germany ChairoftheSteeringCommittee
VolkerMatthias
ConferenceOrganizer
Contents
AerosolsintheAtmosphere
RoleofOrganicAerosolChemistrySchemesonParticulateMatter
ModelinginEurope ............................................... 3
JianhuiJiang, SebnemAksoyoglu, GiancarloCiarelli,
andAndréS.H.Prévôt
BiogenicEmissionsandUrbanAirQuality .......................... 11
MarieLuiseLuttkus,RalfWolke,BerndHeinold,AndreasTilgner,
LaurentPoulain,andHartmutHerrmann
GlobalSimulationsofIceNucleiParticlesDerivedfromOrganics
andInorganicsParticles ............................................ 19
M.Chatziparaschos, N.Daskalakis, S.Myriokefalitakis,
G.Fanourgakis,andM.Kanakidou
Estimating Aerosol Loads and Aerosol-Cloud-Interaction
inthe1980sandToday ............................................. 25
RolandSchrödner, ChristaGenz, BerndHeinold, HolgerBaars,
andRalfWolke
Characterisation ofLight-Absorbing ParticlesintheBrussels
Sub-urbanAtmosphereandImplicationsfortheEmissionScheme
ofaRegionalChemicalTransportModel ............................ 31
AlexanderMangold,QuentinLaffineur,VeerleDeBock,RafiqHamdi,
NathalieSteenhuyzen,andAndyDelcloo
EmissionModelingandProcessing
TrafficEmissions2040—ImpactonAirQualityinGermany ........... 39
VolkerMatthias, JohannesBieser, MarkusQuante, StefanSeum,
andChristianWinkler
xi