Table Of ContentUgo Pagallo · Monica Palmirani
Pompeu Casanovas · Giovanni Sartor
Serena Villata (Eds.)
AI Approaches
1
9 to the Complexity
7
0
1
I of Legal Systems
A
N
L
AICOL International Workshops 2015–2017:
AICOL-VI@JURIX 2015, AICOL-VII@EKAW 2016,
AICOL-VIII@JURIX 2016, AICOL-IX@ICAIL 2017,
and AICOL-X@JURIX 2017, Revised Selected Papers
123
fi
Lecture Notes in Arti cial Intelligence 10791
Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science
LNAI Series Editors
Randy Goebel
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
Yuzuru Tanaka
Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
Wolfgang Wahlster
DFKI and Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
LNAI Founding Series Editor
Joerg Siekmann
DFKI and Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/1244
Ugo Pagallo Monica Palmirani
(cid:129)
Pompeu Casanovas Giovanni Sartor
(cid:129)
Serena Villata (Eds.)
AI Approaches
to the Complexity
of Legal Systems
–
AICOL International Workshops 2015 2017:
AICOL-VI@JURIX 2015, AICOL-VII@EKAW 2016,
AICOL-VIII@JURIX 2016, AICOL-IX@ICAIL 2017,
and AICOL-X@JURIX 2017
Revised Selected Papers
123
Editors
UgoPagallo GiovanniSartor
University of Turin University of Bologna
Turin, Italy Bologna, Italy
Monica Palmirani Serena Villata
University of Bologna Inria - SophiaAntipolis-Méditerranée
Bologna, Italy SophiaAntipolis, France
PompeuCasanovas
LaTrobe University
Melbourne, VIC,Australia
ISSN 0302-9743 ISSN 1611-3349 (electronic)
Lecture Notesin Artificial Intelligence
ISBN 978-3-030-00177-3 ISBN978-3-030-00178-0 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00178-0
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018953366
LNCSSublibrary:SL7–ArtificialIntelligence
©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2018
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthe
material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,
broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information
storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynow
knownorhereafterdeveloped.
Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication
doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant
protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbookare
believedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsortheeditors
give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or
omissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictionalclaimsin
publishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations.
ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG
Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland
Preface
AICOL stands for Artificial Intelligence Approaches to the Complexity of Legal
Systems.ThisvolumepresentstherevisedselectedpapersofthefivedifferentAICOL
Workshops during 2015–2017. The first took place as part of the JURIX 2015 con-
ference at the Universidade do Minho in Braga, Portugal, on December 9, 2015. The
second took place in Bologna, Italy, on November 19, 2016, in conjunction with the
20th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Manage-
ment (EKAW 2016). The third was held at the JURIX 2016 conference at the Inria
SophiaAntipolisMediterranéeinSophiaAntipolis,France,onDecember14,2016,as
an AICOL Workshop. The fourth was the Workshop on MIning and REasoning with
Legal texts, held on June 16th, 2017, in London (UK) which was connected with the
MIREL (MIning and REasoning with Legal texts) project, H2020 Marie
Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 690974 (http://www.mirelproject.eu). It was
organized in conjunction with ICAIL 2017, the 16th International Conference on
Artificial Intelligence and Law. The fifth was held on December 13, 2017, at the
JURIX2017conferenceinLuxembourg.Alltheseworkshopshadthecommonrational
to combine different disciplines for managing legal systems complexity, both in the
foundations and in the applications aspects. Two workshops in particular investigated
the Semantic Web techniques (EKAW 2016) and Natural Processing and Legal Rea-
soning models (MIREL 2016). The 37 selected papers, including the introduction,
represent a comprehensive picture of the state of the art in legal informatics.
ThepresentvolumefollowsthepreviousAICOLvolumes:AICOLI-II,publishedin
2010, include papers from the first AICOL conference in Beijing (24th IVR Congress
in September 15–20, 2009, China) and the follow-up in Rotterdam (JURIX-09,
November16–18,TheNetherlands);AICOLIII,publishedin2012,resultingfromthe
third AICOL conference, held in Frankfurt a. M. (25th IVR, August 15–20, 2011,
Germany); AICOL-IV@IVR in Belo Horizonte Brazil, July 21–27, 2013, and
AICOL-V@SINTELNET-JURIX in Bologna, Italy, December 11, 2013.
Like its predecessors, this volume embodies the philosophy of the AICOL con-
ferences, which is to provide a meeting point for various researchers, such as legal
theorists, political scientists, linguists, logicians, and computational and cognitive
scientists, eager to discuss and share their findings and proposals. In this sense, the
keywords “complexity” and “complex systems” sum up the perspective chosen to
describerecentdevelopmentsinAIandlaw,legaltheory,argumentation,theSemantic
Web, and multi-agent systems.
AICOL incorporates in its VI edition the perspective of social intelligence, the
intertwined human–machine perspective on cognition, agency, and institutions. This
promising approach brings together the analytical and empirical perspectives of soci-
ety. Stemming from this starting point, the volume is divided into six main sections:
(i) Legal Philosophy, Conceptual Analysis, and Epistemic Approaches; (ii) Rules and
Norms Analysis and Representation; (iii) Rules and Norms Analysis and
VI Preface
Representation; (iv) Legal Ontologies and Semantic Annotation; (v) Legal Argumen-
tation; and(vi)Courts,AdjudicationandDisputeResolution. Newentry topics needa
particular spotlight like Legal Design or Legal Data Analytics.
Finally, a special thanks is due to the excellent Program Committee for their hard
workinreviewingthesubmittedpapers.Theircriticismandveryusefulcommentsand
suggestionswereinstrumentalinachievingahighqualityofpublication.Wealsothank
the authors for submitting good papers, responding to the reviewers’ comments, and
abiding by our production schedule.
July 2018 Ugo Pagallo
Monica Palmirani
Pompeu Casanovas
Giovanni Sartor
Serena Villata
Organization
Organizing Committee
Danièle Bourcier Université de Paris II, France
Pompeu Casanovas Autonomous University of Barcelona, La Trobe
University
Monica Palmirani University of Bologna, Italy
Ugo Pagallo University of Turin, Italy
Giovanni Sartor EuropeanUniversityInstituteandUniversityofBologna,
Italy
Serena Villata Inria Sophia Antipolis, France
Program Committee
Laura Alonso Alemany Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
Michał Araszkiewicz Jagiellonian University
Guido Boella University of Torino
Daniele Bourcier Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches de Science
Administrative et Politique, Universite de Paris II
Pompeu Casanovas Autonomous University of Barcelona, La Trobe
University
Marcello Ceci GRCTC-Governance,RiskandComplianceTechnology
Center
Pilar Dellunde Autonomous University of Barcelona
Luigi Di Caro University of Torino
Angelo Di Iorio University of Bologna
Enrico Francesconi ITTIG-CNR
Michael Genesereth Stanford University
Jorge Gonzalez-Conejero UAB Institute of Law and Technology
Guido Governatori Data61, CSIRO
Davide Grossi University of Groningen
John Hall Model Systems
Renato Iannella Queensland Health
Beishui Liao Zhejiang University
Arno R. Lodder Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Marco Manna University of Calabria
Martin Moguillansky Universidad Nacional del Sur
Paulo Novais University of Minho
Ugo Pagallo University of Torino
Marco Pagliani Senate of Italian Republic
Monica Palmirani University of Bologna
Adrian Paschke Freie Universität Berlin
VIII Organization
Silvio Peroni University of Bologna
Ginevra Peruginelli ITTIG-CNR
Enric Plaza IIIA-CSIC
Marta Poblet Autonomous University of Barcelona, RMIT University
Francesco Poggi University of Bologna
Martín Rezk Rakuten Inc.
Livio Robaldo University of Torino
Víctor Rodríguez Doncel Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
Antoni Roig Autonomous University of Barcelona
Piercarlo Rossi Università del Piemonte Orientale
Antonino Rotolo University of Bologna
Giovanni Sartor EUI, University of Bologna
Erich Schweighofer University of Vienna
Barry Smith SUNY Buffalo
Clara Smith Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Universidad Católica
de la Plata
Davide Sottara Arizona State University
Said Tabet EMC Corporation
Raimo Tuomela University of Helsinki
Leon van der Torre University of Luxembourg
Tom Van Engers University of Amsterdam
Anton Vedder Tilburg University
Serena Villata Inria Sophia Antipolis, Sophia Antipolis Cedex
Fabio Vitali University of Bologna
Radboud Winkels University of Amsterdam
Adam Wyner Swansea University
John Zeleznikow Victoria University
Contents
Introduction: Legal and Ethical Dimensions of AI, NorMAS,
and the Web of Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Ugo Pagallo, Monica Palmirani, Pompeu Casanovas,
Giovanni Sartor, and Serena Villata
Legal Philosophy, Conceptual Analysis, and Epistemic Approaches
RoboPrivacy and the Law as “Meta-Technology” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Ugo Pagallo
Revisiting Constitutive Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Giovanni Sileno, Alexander Boer, and Tom van Engers
The Truth in Law and Its Explication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Hajime Yoshino
From Words to Images Through Legal Visualization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Arianna Rossi and Monica Palmirani
Rules and Norms Analysis and Representation
A Petri Net-Based Notation for Normative Modeling: Evaluation
on Deontic Paradoxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Giovanni Sileno, Alexander Boer, and Tom van Engers
Legal Patterns for Different Constitutive Rules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Marcello Ceci, Tom Butler, Leona O’Brien, and Firas Al Khalil
An Architecture for Establishing Legal Semantic Workflows
in the Context of Integrated Law Enforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Markus Stumptner, Wolfgang Mayer, Georg Grossmann, Jixue Liu,
Wenhao Li, Pompeu Casanovas, Louis De Koker, Danuta Mendelson,
David Watts, and Bridget Bainbridge
Contributions to Modeling Patent Claims When Representing
Patent Knowledge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Simone R. N. Reis, Andre Reis, Jordi Carrabina,
and Pompeu Casanovas
Modeling, Execution and Analysis of Formalized Legal Norms
in Model Based Decision Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Bernhard Waltl, Thomas Reschenhofer, and Florian Matthes
