Table Of ContentLecture Notes on Data Engineering
and Communications Technologies 105
Zakaria Boulouard
Mariya Ouaissa
Mariyam Ouaissa
Sarah El Himer Editors
AI and IoT
for Sustainable
Development
in Emerging
Countries
Challenges and Opportunities
Lecture Notes on Data Engineering
and Communications Technologies
Volume 105
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· ·
Zakaria Boulouard Mariya Ouaissa
·
Mariyam Ouaissa Sarah El Himer
Editors
AI and IoT for Sustainable
Development in Emerging
Countries
Challenges and Opportunities
Editors
ZakariaBoulouard MariyaOuaissa
LIM MoulayIsmailUniversity
HassanIIUniversity Meknes,Morocco
Mohammedia,Morocco
SarahElHimer
MariyamOuaissa SidiMohamedBenAbdellahUniversity
MoulayIsmailUniversity Fes,Morocco
Meknes,Morocco
ISSN2367-4512 ISSN2367-4520 (electronic)
LectureNotesonDataEngineering andCommunicationsTechnologies
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Preface
Artificial intelligence and Internet of Things have introduced themselves today as
must-havetechnologiesinalmosteverysector.Rangingfromagriculturetoindustry
and healthcare, the scope of applications of AI and IoT is as wide as the horizon.
Nowadays,thesetechnologiesareextensivelyusedindevelopedcountries,butthey
arestillatanearlystageinemergingcountries.
As these countries were more affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, both
healthcare-wiseandeconomy-wise,theneedtoadoptnewsolutionstosustainable
developmentchallengeshasbecomemorecrucialthanever.
TheideabehindthisbookistofocusonsolutionsbasedonAIandIoTthatcan
face the challenges of the emerging countries. We will shed the light on different
sectorssuchasagriculture,industry,transportation,environment,energy,healthcare,
etc.Wewilldiscussthechallengesthattheemergingcountriesfaceinthesesectors
and provide AI and IoT-based solutions to them. We will also introduce success
storiesfeaturingtheimplementationofAI-andIoT-basedsolutionsandtheirimpact
onthelivesofpeopleindevelopingcountries.
Thisbookwillbedividedintofiveparts.ThefirstpartwillintroduceAIandIoTas
actorsthatcanhelpaddressthesustainabledevelopmentchallengesingeneralwith
somecasescenariosasexamples.Theothersectionswillgoindepthandspotthelight
onAIandIoTandtheirroletoplayineachofthemostimportantsectorsofeveryday
life.TheywillalsoexposehowresearchersfromemergingcountriesappliedAIand
IoT to approach sustainable development challenges taking into consideration the
specificitiesoftheirowncountries.
First part, containing five chapters, starts in Chapter “Achieving Sustainable
DevelopmentGoalsThroughDigitalInfrastructureforIntelligentConnectivity,”by
spotting the light on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the UN to be
achievedby2030andtheimpactthatCOVID-19hadontheseSDGsbyincreasing
intelligentconnectivitylevelsandgainingbetteraccesstoeducation,health,work,
andentertainmentdespitethepandemic.Chapter“ImplementationofIntelligentIoT”
introducedtheconceptof“artificialintelligence-enabledInternetofThings,”better
knownas“AIoT.”Itprovidesanoverviewon“intelligent”IoTdevices,aswellaswhy
andhowtoimplementthem.Chapter“CyberSecurityChallengesforSmartCities”
v
vi Preface
discusses the interconnectivity of intelligent devices at its widest levels, “Smart
Cities,”andhowitcanbesecured.Chapters“EfficientMachineLearningTechnique
for Early Detection of IoT Botnets” and “AI-Based Smart Robot for Restaurant
Serving Applications” are introductory use case scenarios where researchers from
emergingcountries,AlgeriaandPakistan,takethebestofbothAIandIoTtoprovide
better solutions toeveryday lifesituations,such as communication securityonthe
onehandandrestaurantservingontheotherhand.
Secondpartspotsthelightontheinnovationsofemergingcountriesresearchers
when it comes to facing the environment and energy optimization challenges. On
a microscopic level, Chapter “A Novel Deep Learning Architecture Based IoT
Time-Series for Energy Consumption Forecasting in Smart Households” intro-
duces a deep learning-based IoT system able to predict energy consumption in
smarthouseholds.Onamacroscopiclevel,Chapter“PerformancesofCPVOptics
in Morocco” measures the performances of Concentration Photovoltaic systems
adopted in Morocco as a means to produce solar-based electrical energy, while
Chapter“ArtificialIntelligenceBasedonParticleSwarmOptimizationforOptimal
Wind Turbine Power Control Using Doubly Fed Induction Generator” introduces
an approach to optimize wind turbine power control based on artificial intelli-
gence. When it comes to environment, Chapters “A Comparative Study Between
NARXandLSTMModelsinPredictingOzoneConcentrations:CaseofAgadirCity
(Morocco)”and“SpatiotemporalPredictionofPM ConcentrationsBasedonIoT
2.5
Sensors” introduce two IoT and machine learning-based approaches to predict the
concentrationofozonecomponents(andpollutants)inbothMoroccoandTaiwan,
respectively.ThispartalsointroducestheroleofartificialintelligenceandInternet
of Things in smart precision agriculture as the authors in Chapter “Comparative
StudyBetweenDifferentRecommendationSystemsinSmartAgriculture”provide
a comparative analysis on recommendation systems and their role as a means to
optimizeagriculturalyields.
ThirdpartfocusesonIndustry4.0andTransportationindevelopingcountriesand
provides an overview on different approaches to address their challenges. Chapter
“Configuration Security for Sustainable Digital Twins of Industrial Automation
andControlSystemsinEmergingCountries”goesthroughtheconfigurationsecurity
techniquesusedforsustainableDigitalTwinsinemergingcountries,andsuggesta
newapproach,basedonacombinationofartificialbeecoloniesandsupportvector
machines, that will be able to optimize attack predictions. Chapter “An Empir-
ical Investigation on Lean Method Usage: Issues and Challenges in Afghanistan”
addressesthechallengesfacingtheapplicationofLeanmethodinAfghansoftware
development companies, while Chapter “Optimization of the Effects Oscillation
Welding:SinusoidalandTriangularBeamDuringLaserBeamWeldingof5052-H32
AluminumAlloy”providesaregression-basedmodeltopredictthetensilestrength
ofaluminumalloys.Whenitcomestotransportation,theauthorsinChapter“The
InternetofThingsSolutionsforTransportation”provideanoverviewofAI-andIoT-
based solutions for transportation as well as their challenges while going through
usecasesoflargecompaniesthathaveadoptedthesesolutions.Chapter“ANovel
Preface vii
GAN-BasedSystemforTimeSeriesGeneration:ApplicationtoAutonomousVehi-
cles Scenarios Generation” proposes a novel GAN-based system for time series
generation able to generate various autonomous driving scenarios, toward a fully
automatic framework of self-driving testing. Road accidents are also in the spot-
lightinthissection,asinChapter“FuzzySetTheory-BasedApproachforMining
SpatialAssociationRules:RoadAccidentasaCaseStudy,”wheretheauthorsintro-
duceanewapproachonanalyzingroadaccidentsinaspecificareaanddetermining
their main causes. This approach combines the best of artificial intelligence-based
recommendationsystemswithfuzzysettheoryappliedonspatialassociationrules
forabetterperformance.Chapter“AMobileApplicationforReal-TimeDetection
of Road Traffic Violations” also proposes a machine learning-based solution for
roadaccidentsinMauritius.Thissolutionisabletodetectinfringements,warnthe
wrongdoers,andreportthemtotheauthorities.
COVID-19hasbroughttheattentionontheimportanceofhealthcareasacrucial
sector,especially inemerging countries wherethepandemic had agreater impact.
PartFourwillfocusondifferentattemptsofresearchersfromthesecountriestotake
thebestofAIandIoTtofacehealthcare-relatedchallenges.TheauthorsinChapter
“IoTBasedHealthMonitoringSystemandItsChallengesandOpportunities”spot
the light on some of these challenges, especially when it comes to monitoring
infectedorelderlypatients.TheyproposedanIoT-basedhealthmonitoringsystem
that connects through GSM networks as a means to overcome connectivity prob-
lemsinemergingcountries.Chapter“WirelessBodySensorNetworks:Applications,
Challenges,PatientMonitoring,DecisionMaking,andMachineLearninginMedical
Applications”presentstheworksofanIraqiteamthatalsoprovidesasolutiontothe
healthmonitoringissuebyintroducingwirelessbodysensornetworks(WBSN).In
thischapter,theypresentthistechnique,itsarchitecture,challenges,healthcareappli-
cation,andtheirrequirements.SincetheamountofdatatransferredthroughWBSNs
can be important, the same team introduces in Chapter “A Novel Lossless EEG
Compression Model Using Fractal Combined with Fixed-Length Encoding Tech-
nique” a means to optimize connectivity in these networks by compressing EEG
signals,andthusreducingthesizeofdatasent.Alongwiththeconnectivityofthe
healthcare-orientedsystemscomestheirsecurity,achallengeaddressedinChapter
“SecuringtheHyperconnectedHealthcareEcosystem”wheretheauthorsproposea
holisticcybersecurityplatformthattacklesprivacyandsecurityrisksinanautomated
fashion to foster the development of innovative applications within the healthcare
ecosystem.Optimizingtheyieldsofhealthcare-orientedIoTdevicesalsoimpliesa
betterenergyconsumption.ThisurgedtheauthorsofChapter“DesignofanEfficient
RectennaforRFEnergyHarvestingforIoTMedicalImplants”todesignanefficient
rectennaforradiofrequencyharvestingforIoTmedicalimplants.Researchersfrom
emerging countries have put quite some efforts to increase the role of AI in the
healthcaresector,andtheremainingchaptersofthispartwillspotthelightonthem.
InChapter“Multi-classClassificationfortheIdentificationofCOVID-19inX-Ray
ImagesUsingCustomizedEfficientNeuralNetwork,”theauthorsusedAItodetect
COVID-19 positive cases based on X-Ray images, while the authors of “Chap-
tersAReview:RecentAutomaticAlgorithmsfortheSegmentationofBrainTumor
viii Preface
MRI” and “Oncology with Artificial Intelligence: Classification of Cancer Using
DeepLearningTechniques”suggestnewdeeplearning-basedapproachestodetect
cancer cells. Chapter “IoT Based Machine Learning and Deep Learning Platform
forCOVID-19PreventionandControl:ASystematicReview”proposesasystem-
aticreviewofseveraleffortstoapplydeeplearningtoenhancethepreventionand
controloftheCOVID-19disease.
Theincreasingconnectivityandthenecessitytostayonlinemadetheexploitation
ofbigdataingeneralandsocialmediainparticularaconcerntoemergingcountriesas
well.PartFivewillgothrougheffortsofresearchersfromthesecountriestotakethe
bestofbigdataandsocialmedia.InChapter“DigitalTransformationandCostumers
Services in Emerging Countries: Loan Prediction Modeling in Modern Banking
Transactions,”theauthorspresentabakingsystemthatpredictsloanrepaymentor
default based on customer’s digital data. Chapter “A k-Mean Classification Study
ofEightCommunityDetectionAlgorithms:ApplicationtoSyntheticSocialNetwork
Datasets”proposesanewapproachforcommunitydetectioninsocialmedia,while
Chapter“TopicModelingforShortTexts:ANovelModelingMethod”offersanAI-
basedtechniquetobetterranktopicsinshorttexts.“ChaptersPredictionandAnalysis
of Moroccan Elections Using Sentiment Analysis” and “Analysis of COVID-19
Trends in Bangladesh: A Machine Learning Analysis” provide new approaches to
analyzethesentimentsofsocialmediausersregardinghottopicsintheircountries,
suchasthegeneralelectionsinMoroccoortheCOVID-19diseaseinBangladesh.
Mohammedia,Morocco ZakariaBoulouard
Meknes,Morocco MariyaOuaissa
Meknes,Morocco MariyamOuaissa
Fes,Morocco SarahElHimer
Contents
AIoTandChallengesforSustainableDevelopment
Achieving Sustainable Development Goals Through Digital
InfrastructureforIntelligentConnectivity ........................... 3
T.P.Fowdur, M.Indoonundon, M.A.Hosany, D.Milovanovic,
andZ.Bojkovic
ImplementationofIntelligentIoT ................................... 27
AkarshK.Nair,ChinjuJohn,andJayakrushnaSahoo
CyberSecurityChallengesforSmartCities .......................... 51
ArunimaSharmaandRameshBabuBattula
EfficientMachineLearningTechniqueforEarlyDetectionofIoT
Botnets ........................................................... 85
SelssabilMedghaghetandSomiaSahraoui
AI-BasedSmartRobotforRestaurantServingApplications ........... 107
MuhammadAwaisQasim, FaisalAbrar, SaroshAhmad,
andMuhammadUsman
AIandIoTforSmartEnvironmentandEnergy
A Novel Deep Learning Architecture Based IoT Time-Series
forEnergyConsumptionForecastinginSmartHouseholds ............ 127
SalouaElMotakiandBadrHirchoua
PerformancesofCPVOpticsinMorocco ............................ 145
SarahElHimer,MariyaOuaissa,andMariyamOuaissa
Artificial Intelligence Based on Particle Swarm Optimization
for Optimal Wind Turbine Power Control Using Doubly Fed
InductionGenerator ............................................... 165
ElmostafaChetouani, YoussefErrami, AbdellatifObbadi,
andSmailSahnoun
ix
