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Agroforestry and
Biodiversity Conservation
in Tropical Landscapes
Agroforestry and
Biodiversity Conservation
in Tropical Landscapes
EDITED BY
Götz Schroth, Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca,
Celia A. Harvey, Claude Gascon,
Heraldo L. Vasconcelos, and
Anne-Marie N. Izac
Washington • Covelo • London
Copyright © 2004 Island Press
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
(CIP Data to come)
British Cataloguing-in-Publication Data available.
Book design by Brighid Willson
Printed on recycled, acid-free paper
Manufactured in the United States of America
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Contents
Preface xi
Introduction: The Role of Agroforestry in Biodiversity Conservation
in Tropical Landscapes 1
Götz Schroth, Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca, Celia A. Harvey,
Heraldo L. Vasconcelos, Claude Gascon, and Anne-Marie N. Izac
Part I: Conservation Biology and Landscape Ecology
in the Tropics: A Framework for Agroforestry
Applications 13
Chapter 1: Biodiversity Conservation in Deforested and
Fragmented Tropical Landscapes: An Overview 15
Claude Gascon, Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca, Wes Sechrest,
Kaycie A. Billmark, and James Sanderson
Chapter 2: Ecological Effects of Habitat Fragmentation in the
Tropics 33
William F. Laurance and Heraldo L. Vasconcelos
Chapter 3: Landscape Connectivity and Biological Corridors 50
Susan G. W. Laurance
Part II: The Ecological Economics of Agroforestry:
Environmental Benefits and Effects
on Deforestation 65
Chapter 4: The Economic Valuation of Agroforestry’s
Environmental Services 67
David Pearce and Susana Mourato
vii
viii Contents
Chapter 5: Is Agroforestry Likely to Reduce Deforestation? 87
Arild Angelsen and David Kaimowitz
Chapter 6: Chocolate Forests and Monocultures: A Historical
Review of Cocoa Growing and Its Conflicting Role in
Tropical Deforestation and Forest Conservation 107
François Ruf and Götz Schroth
Chapter 7: Achieving Biodiversity Conservation Using
Conservation Concessions to Complement
Agroforestry 135
Eduard Niesten, Shelley Ratay, and Richard Rice
Part III: The Biodiversity of Agroforestry Systems:
Habitat, Biological Corridor, and Buffer
for Protected Areas 151
Chapter 8: The Biodiversity and Conservation Potential of Shifting
Cultivation Landscapes 153
Bryan Finegan and Robert Nasi
Chapter 9: Biodiversity Conservation in Neotropical Coffee
(Coffea arabica) Plantations 198
Eduardo Somarriba, Celia A. Harvey, Mario Samper, François
Anthony, Jorge González, Charles Staver, and Robert A. Rice
Chapter 10: Complex Agroforests: Their Structure, Diversity,
and Potential Role in Landscape Conservation 227
Götz Schroth, Celia A. Harvey, and Grégoire Vincent
Chapter 11: Live Fences, Isolated Trees, and Windbreaks: Tools
for Conserving Biodiversity in Fragmented Tropical
Landscapes 261
Celia A. Harvey, Nigel I. J. Tucker, and Alejandro Estrada
Chapter 12: Agroforestry Systems: Important Components in
Conserving the Genetic Viability of Native Tropical
Tree Species? 290
David H. Boshier
Contents ix
Part IV: Biodiversity as Burden and Natural Capital:
Interactions between Agroforestry Areas, Natural
Ecosystems, and Rural Communities in Tropical
Land Use Mosaics 315
Chapter 13: Wildlife Conservation in Agroforestry Buffer Zones:
Opportunities and Conflict 319
Lisa Naughton-Treves and Nick Salafsky
Chapter 14: Hunting in Agroforestry Systems and Landscapes:
Conservation Implications in West-Central Africa
and Southeast Asia 346
David S. Wilkie and Robert J. Lee
Chapter 15: Invasive Agroforestry Trees: Problems
and Solutions 371
David M. Richardson, Pierre Binggeli, and Götz Schroth
Chapter 16: Diseases in Tropical Agroforestry Landscapes: The Role
of Biodiversity 397
Ulrike Krauss
Part V: Matrix Management in Practice: Agroforestry Tools
in Landscape Conservation 413
Chapter 17: Agroforestry Buffer Zones and Stepping Stones:
Tools for the Conservation of Fragmented Landscapes
in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest 415
Laury Cullen Jr., Jefferson Ferreira Lima, and Tiago Pavan Beltrame
Chapter 18: Agroforestry and Biodiversity: Improving Conservation
Outcomes in Tropical Northeastern Australia 431
Nigel I. J. Tucker, Grant Wardell-Johnson, Carla P. Catterall,
and John Kanowski
Chapter 19: Silvopastoral Systems: Ecological and Socioeconomic
Benefits and Migratory Bird Conservation 453
Robert A. Rice and Russell Greenberg
Chapter 20: Agroforestry and Climate Change–Integrated
Conservation Strategies 473
Lee Hannah
