Table Of ContentHarikesh Bahadur Singh
Birinchi Kumar Sarma
Chetan Keswani Editors
Agriculturally
Important
Microorganisms
Commercialization and Regulatory
Requirements in Asia
Agriculturally Important Microorganisms
Harikesh Bahadur Singh
Birinchi Kumar Sarma • Chetan Keswani
Editors
Agriculturally Important
Microorganisms
Commercialization and Regulatory
Requirements in Asia
Editors
Harikesh Bahadur Singh Birinchi Kumar Sarma
Department of Mycology and Plant Department of Mycology and Plant
Pathology Pathology
Institute of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Agricultural Sciences
Banaras Hindu University Banaras Hindu University
Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
Chetan Keswani
Department of Mycology and Plant
Pathology
Institute of Agricultural Sciences
Banaras Hindu University
Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
ISBN 978-981-10-2575-4 ISBN 978-981-10-2576-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-2576-1
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016957873
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Foreword
During the last five decades, application of chemicals in agriculture has helped in
managing many pests and diseases, thereby reducing yield losses in crops. However,
concerns are often expressed with regard to pesticide residues in food stuff, environ-
mental pollution, imbalance of ecological equilibrium and resurgence of minor
pests and pathogens. In sustainable intensification of agriculture through green
economy, biopesticides have gained immense significance. Despite some progress
in biopesticide production and supply, the scale of its use in India still remains rela-
tively small in comparison to chemical pesticides. Much of the production goes to
government agencies for distribution to farmers in integrated pest management
(IPM) programmes. The distribution system for biopesticides is underdeveloped in
many areas.
This volume on commercial use of agriculturally important microbes in the form
of biopesticides includes contributions from vastly experienced Asian experts in a
comprehensive manner describing most recent facts and extended case studies. I
address the vital issues pertaining to translation of biopesticide research from lab to
land. Further, commercialization and regulatory issues concerning biopesticides
have also been discussed in a manner that will be invaluable for academicians, sci-
entists, researchers and policymakers.
I congratulate the editors for this useful effort.
Secretary, Department of Agricultural Research Trilochan Mohapatra
and Education (DARE)
Director General, Indian Council of Agricultural
Research (ICAR),
Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare
Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi, India
v
Preface
The past century has witnessed a slow but steady emergence of biopesticides and
biofertilizers as potential supplementary and eco-friendly inputs in comparison to
their chemical counterparts. Unfortunately, despite considerable research and devel-
opment efforts, biopesticide use has remained limited to only 2.5 % of the total
chemical use in most of the Asian countries. Several technological constraints in
these countries have been responsible for the limited adoption which is exemplified
by: lack of knowledge, poor availability of standard stable products and situation-
specific packages, inconsistent establishment and performance in different crop and
agroclimatic domains, inadequate information on safety, and reluctance on the part
of big industries for promotion.
The main focus of this book is to review the current status of research, develop-
ment, and use of these bioinputs in agro-based clusters in developing Asian coun-
tries and develop a strategy for addressing critical issues such as policy support,
quality control, regulatory management, and public-private participation in imple-
mentation of biopesticides in routine agriculture.
The first section will give an overview of the book and will try to develop a con-
sensus on issues of quality requirements, quality control, regulatory management,
commercialization, and marketing of agriculturally important microorganisms.
Despite the global progress in establishing a biopesticide supply, the scale of
biopesticide use remains relatively small in comparison to chemical pesticides.
Thus, the second section will deal with commercialization aspects for implementa-
tion of biological control in routine agricultural practices and includes expert views
on topics like licensing and enforcing intellectual property rights on hybrid PGPR
strains; innovating plant protection strategies in organic farming; identifying and
resolving constraints in commercialization of biopesticides; exposing spurious
biopesticide trade; and expanding the consortium model in biopesticide research.
Varanasi, India Harikesh Bahadur Singh
Birinchi Kumar Sarma
Chetan Keswani
vii
Contents
Part I Introduction
1 Synthesis of Policy Support, Quality Control,
and Regulatory Management of Biopesticides
in Sustainable Agriculture ...................................................................... 3
Chetan Keswani, Birinchi Kumar Sarma,
and Harikesh Bahadur Singh
Part II I ssues in Commercialization of Agriculturally Important
Microorganisms
2 Superior Polymeric Formulations and Emerging
Innovative Products of Bacterial Inoculants for Sustainable
Agriculture and the Environment ......................................................... 15
Yoav Bashan, Luz E. de-Bashan, and S.R. Prabhu
3 Formulation and Commercialization of Rhizobia:
Asian Scenario ......................................................................................... 47
Rajendran Vijayabharathi, Arumugam Sathya,
and Subramaniam Gopalakrishnan
4 Regulatory Issues in Commercialization
of Bacillus thuringiensis-Based Biopesticides ....................................... 69
Estibaliz Sansinenea
5 Beauveria bassiana as Biocontrol Agent: Formulation
and Commercialization for Pest Management ..................................... 81
Carlos García-Estrada, Enrique Cat, and Irene Santamarta
6 Commercialization of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Technology in Agriculture and Forestry ............................................... 97
Sumita Pal, Harikesh Bahadur Singh, Alvina Farooqui,
and Amitava Rakshit
ix
x Contents
7 Microbial Consortial Products for Sustainable Agriculture:
Commercialization and Regulatory Issues in India ............................. 107
Jegan Sekar, Rengalakshmi Raj, and V.R. Prabavathy
8 Agriculturally Important Microorganisms as Biofertilizers:
Commercialization and Regulatory Requirements in Asia ................. 133
Vachspati Pandey and K. Chandra
Part III Biopesticide and Biofertilizer Regulatory Requirements
in South and Southeast Asia
9 Research, Development and Commercialisation
of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms in Malaysia ................. 149
Ganisan Krishnen, Mohamad Roff Mohd. Noor, Alicia Jack,
and Sharif Haron
10 Development and Application of Agriculturally Important
Microorganisms in India ........................................................................ 167
Harikesh Bahadur Singh, Chetan Keswani, Kartikay Bisen,
Birinchi Kumar Sarma, and Pranjib Kumar Chakrabarty
11 Regulatory Requirements and Registration of Biopesticides
in the Philippines ..................................................................................... 183
Marilyn B. Brown, Cristine Marie B. Brown,
and Robert A. Nepomuceno
12 Biofertilizer Research, Development, and Application
in Vietnam ................................................................................................ 197
Pham Van Toan
13 Biopesticides Research: Current Status and Future Trends
in Sri Lanka ............................................................................................. 219
R.H.S. Rajapakse, Disna Ratnasekera, and S. Abeysinghe
Part IV B iopesticide and Biofertilizer Regulatory Requirements
in North Asia
14 Commercialization and Regulatory Requirements
of Biopesticides in China ........................................................................ 237
Tao Tian, Bingbing Sun, Hongtao Li, Yan Li, Tantan Gao,
Yunchao Li, Qingchao Zeng, and Qi Wang
15 The Registration and Regulation of Biopesticides in Taiwan ............. 255
Tsung-Chun Lin, Tang-Kai Wang, Hua-Fang Hsu,
and Ruey-Jang Chang
Contents xi
Part V Biopesticide and Biofertilizer Regulatory Requirements
in West Asia
16 Biorational, Environmentally Safe Methods for the Control
of Soil Pathogens and Pests in Israel ..................................................... 273
Liroa Shaltiel-Harpaz, Segula Masaphy, Leah Tsror (Lahkim),
and Eric Palevsky
17 Present Status and the Future Prospects of Microbial
Biopesticides in Iran ............................................................................... 293
Mohammad Reza Moosavi and Rasoul Zare
Contributors
S. Abeysinghe Department of Botany, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka
Yoav Bashan The Bashan Institute of Science, Auburn, AL, USA
Environmental Microbiology Group, The Northwestern Center for Biological
Research (CIBNOR), La Paz, Mexico
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL,
USA
Kartikay Bisen Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of
Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
Cristine Marie B. Brown BIOTECH-UPLB, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines
Marilyn B. Brown BIOTECH-UPLB, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines
Enrique Cat Nostoc Biotech, Madrid, Spain
K. Chandra National Centre of Organic Farming, Ghaziabad, India
Ruey-Jang Chang Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research
Institute, Council of Agriculture, Taiwan, Republic of China
Pranjib Kumar Chakrabarty Plant Protection and Biosafety, Indian Council of
Agriculture Research, New Delhi, India
Luz E. de-Bashan The Bashan Institute of Science, Auburn, AL, USA
Environmental Microbiology Group, The Northwestern Center for Biological
Research (CIBNOR), La Paz, Mexico
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL,
USA
Alvina Farooqui Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
Tantan Gao Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University,
Beijing, China
Carlos García-Estrada Instituto de Biotecnología de León (INBIOTEC), León,
Spain
xiii
