Table Of ContentUNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURAL
STATISTICS
1976
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON: 1976
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200 YEARS OF STATISTICS ON AGRICULTURE
The demand for timely statistics on United States agriculture is almost as old as the
Republic itself. George Washington, during his first term as President, personally conducted
a mail survey of the new Nation's farming, inquiring into crop production, prices, and
livestock.
Somewhat similar investigations were occasionally undertaken in the early 19th century
by agricultural societies and State governments. These surveys varied in scope and quality,
however, and valuable as they may have been for specific purposes, they failed to give an
overall statistical picture of the country's farming. Moreover, despite Washington's example,
and his urgings that a national board of agriculture be established, the Federal government
had scant involvement with agriculture until 1839. In that year, Congress assigned $1,000
to the Patent Office to be spent on agriculture's behalf, specifically noting that a portion
of the sum was to be used to gather statistics. A year later, the Federal Census schedules
included agricultural inquiries for the first time, and the results provided a benchmark for
the annual production estimates that the Patent Office began issuing in the 1840's.
The 1839 appropriation signaled a new interest in agriculture on the part of the Federal
government. But, as events showed, it did not mean that the government was ready at that
point to commit itself henceforth to the yearly collection of agricultural data. A lack of
appropriations interrupted the Patent Office's State and Territorial production estimates in
1846, and the statistical series disappeared entirely at the decade's close.
The secondary role that agricultural activities played in the Patent Office-and the
possibility that those activities might be abolished or harmed by their subordination-led
farm organizations to advocate a separate office of agricultural affairs. As early as 1849,
a movement developed to create either a bureau of agriculture within the Interior Depart
ment or an entirely new department. This culminated in the establishment of the U.S.
Department of Agriculture in 1862.
The Agency's first Commissioner, Isaac Newton, based his objectives on suggestions that
Jesse Buell, editor of the Cultivator, had made 20 years before. At the head of Newton's
list of goals was "Collecting, arranging, publishing, and disseminating, for the benefit of the
Nation, statistical and other useful information in regard to agriculture in its widest accepta-
. tion .... " In 1863, the Division of Statistics, predecessor of the Statistical Reporting Service,
was organized within the Department, and the first of USDA's monthly reports appeared.
Agricultural Statistics is the lineal descendent of some of USDA's earliest publications.
Annual statistical summaries, based mainly on the work of volunteer reporters, were
printed as part of the Secretary's Report until1894 when they began to appear in the newly
created Yearbook of Agricultu1·e. There they continued to be found for the next 40 years.
Those four decades saw substantial changes in U.S. agriculture and a need for still more
information about the farm sector, its markets and its relationship to the rest of the economy.
One consequence was a dramatic increase in the quantity of data published in the Yearbook.
The statistical tables, which had amounted to less than an eighth of the 1900 volume, were
over half of the 1935 edition. Such growth accounted for the decision to issue the tables as
a separate publication, a decision that led to the appearance in 1936 of the first volume of
Ag1·icultural Statistics. The series has been updated annually during the past 40 years, and
it stands today among the Department of Agriculture's foremost attempts to provide
references that will meet the need for reliable statistical information about U.S. agriculture.
II
Agricultural Statistics, 1976
This edition of the Agricultural Statistics was prepared under the direction of MELVIN
L. KOEHN, Chief, Data Services Branch, Statistical Reporting Service. EVELYN L.
WOOD was responsible for coordination and technical editorial work.
The cooperation of the many contributors to this publication is gratefully acknowledged.
Source notes below each table credit the various Government agencies which collaborated in
furnishing information.
CONTENTS
pi'n Page
Introduction _________________ --------_____ vn--..:cattle, hogs, and sheep:
Weights, measures, and conversion factors__ V Cattle and calves ___________________ _ 297
Hogs ____________ ------------------_ 310
Sheep and lambs __________ -----_____ _ 321
!-Grains: WooL ________ -__ ------------------- 332
FoRRWoidyhc eeeg _a _r_at___i__n ___s___:_ _-__-__-__-__-__-__-_____________ __-__-__-__-- _-- ------------_-__-__-__- 21160 MGLHiioevdaaeetstssst _ o aa_cnn_kd_d i_ mnm_d_oee_hax_at _ nipr_u _r_mo___d_b_u e-_cr-_ts-_s _- ___-___-___-__________________________________ ____ 333344551004
FeCedo rgnr _a_in_s_:_ _________ -----______ ---- 28 Animal units fed--------------------- 355
Oats _______ -------------____ ----_ 36
GrSBaoianrrg lcehoyun _ms_u_ _m____p _-t_-io_- n-___-__- _--_--_--_--_-_____________ __-__-__-- _--_-__-__-__- 444928 VIII-DCTCauhorwiickrskye eay annsns _d d__ _d _p_a_o_i_ru__y_l_t __pr_y_r__o p__dr__uo__cd__tu_s_c ___t___s___:_ ___________ __-__-__-__-__- -__ 334059793
Feedstuffs ____ ------------------____ 53 Eggs_------------------------------ 411
II- cotton, sugar, and tobacco: IX-Farm resources, income, and expenses:
Cotton _______ -------_____ ------___ _ 57 Farm property __________ -----------_ 417
Other fibers ________________________ _ 72 Population and employment _________ _ 430
Sugar ______ ----------------------__ 74 Farm production and distribution _____ _ 436
Sirups ___________________ ---------__ 88 Prices and income _____ -------------_ 448
Honey and beeswax _________________ _ 90 Costs and expenses_ _________________ _ 467
Tobacco _________________ --------__ _ 96
X-Taxes, insurance, cooperatives, and
III-OilFCsleoaetxtdsoesne,s def _ae_tds__ ,_ _a___n__d___ o-__i_l-s_:__ __ -_______ _-__________________ __ 111152 TCarcexrdeeisdt aiatn:n dd ilnosaunr apnrcoeg _r_a_m_s_ _______________________ __ 447794
SPoeyabneuatsn _s ____________ _-_- ---------__-_-_- ---------------------- 112280 FRaurrmale resl'e cctoriofipcaetrioanti avneds _te--le-p--h-o-n-e--s- _-_-_- -_ 449974
Olive oiL ______ ----------__________ _ 134
SMFhaaotrsrg taaenrnidinn eog _i _l__s_ ______________ __-__--__-__-__-__-__-_______-__-__--__-__-__-__-__-___ __ 111333546 XI--staPPb~riipylcrmieoze gasnurttaiposmp ntos o:ar tn~ _dr_: _po_dr_uic_c_eer_-ss_u __p__p____o__r_t_ __ _: ____________ __ 550166
Disaster proVISions ______ ---------___ _ 519
IV-Vegetables and melons: Allotments_ ________________________ _ 522
Vegetables and melons ______________ _ 145 Marketing agreements and orders _____ _ 525
Vegetable shipments ____ ----_____ ---- 189
Vegetable consumption ______________ _ 192 XU-Agricultural conservation and
Commercial pack ___________________ _ 195 forestry statistics:
Conservation and pollution abatement
V-Fruits, tree nuts, and horticultural programs _____ -------------------- 526
TFrrsuepeiet snc iuaatnlstd_i e _bs_:e_ r_ri_e_s_ _________________ -_-_-_-_-_·_-_-_-_-_- -_ 215929 STFoouirrlep cseotnrnytsi_ en_re_v a_an_ti_do_ nr_ o_ps_ri_on_g_ _r__a__m___s__ _______________________________ ___ 555435135
Tea, cacao beans, and coffee _________ _ 256
FMlouwsherroso _m__s_ ________________________________________________ __ 225690 XIII- cPoonpsuulmatipotni_ o_n_ _a_n_d - -fa-m--il_y_ _li_v_i_n_g_:_ _____ _ 557
Food consumption _____ -------------_ 558
Food and nutrition programs _________ _ 564
VI-Hay, seeds, and minor field crops: Prices at retail levels ________________ _ 567
Hay_ ____________________ ----------_ 262
SPeaesdtus _re_ _a_n_d_ _r_a_n_g_e_ ______________ _-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-__ _ 226678 XIV-MAisgcrieclulaltnueroalu ism sptaotritsst iacns:d exports_ _____ _ 569
RBeaatenss ,o df rsye eeddiinbgle _ ______________________________________ __ 278 Weather statistics ____ -----___ -------- 584
283 C~mmodity .fu~ures _______ ----------_ 586
Peas, dry ___________ ---------------- 288 FIShery stat1st1cs ________ ------------ 590
Broomcorn _________________________ _ 291 Refrigeration statistics _____ ---------- 596
Hops ____________ ----------________ _ 292 Alaska statistics_-----------------__ _ 597
Popcorn ______ ---------------------- 294
Peppermint and spearmint_ __________ _ 295 Index ___________ ------------------------- 598
III
Introduction
Agricultural Statistics is published each year to meet the diverse needs for a reliable
reference book on agricultural production, supplies, consumption, facilities, costs, and
returns. Its tables of annual data cover a wide variety of facts in forms suited to most
common use.
Inquiries concerning more current or more detailed data, past and prospective revisions,
or the statistical methodology used should be addressed directly to the agency credited
with preparing the table. Most of the data were prepared or compiled in the U.S. Depart
ment of Agriculture. A few tables were prepared mother Government agencies.
The historical series in this volume have been generally limited to data beginning with
1959 or later. However, many of the series carry a reference in the source note to the table
in Agricultural Statistics, 1972, where comparable data for earlier years can be found.
In the 1972 issue, historical tables showing totals for the United States begin with 1929
for the principal crops and with 1930 for January I livestock numbers. Most fruit and
vegetable tables begin with 1944. Other basic tables showing national totals begin with
1949 or 1954 (livestock and poultry tables 1 year later).
These two publications should provide data for enough years to meet the needs of most
users. Some of the index numbers series have been revised back to the beginning of the series
based on revised basic data, but revisions earlier than 1959 will not be published in Agricul
tural Statistics until the next long-time series is compiled for publication.
Agricultural data for Alaska and Hawaii are included in the appropriate tables, where
available. Certain statistics for Alaska are found in chapter XIV.
U.S. foreign agricultural trade statistics include Government as well as non-Government
shipments of merchandise from the United States and Territories to foreign countries. They
do not include U.S. shipments to the U.S. Armed Forces abroad for their own use or ship
ments between the States and U.S. Territories. The world summaries of production and
trade of major farm products are prepared by the U.S. Department of Agriculture from
reports of the U.S. Department of Commerce, official statistics of foreign governments,
other foreign source materials, reports of U.S. Agricultural Attaches and Foreign Service
Officers, and the result of office research.
Statistics presented in many of the tables represent actual counts of the items covered.
Most of the statistics relating to foreign trade and to Government programs, such as
numbers and amounts of loans made to farmers, and amounts of loans made by the Com
modity Credit Corporation, etc., are data of this type. A large number of other tables,
however, contain data that are estimates made by the Department of Agriculture.
The estimates for crops, livestock, and poultry made by the U.S. Department of Agricul
ture are prepared mainly to give timely current State and national totals and averages.
They are based on data obtained by sample surveys of farmers and of people who do business
with farmers. The survey data are supplemented by information from the Censuses of
Agriculture taken every 5 years and check data from various sources. Being estimates, they
are subject to revision as more data become available from commercial or Government
sources. Unless otherwise indicated, the totals for the United States shown in the various
tables on area, production, numbers, price, value, supplies, and disposition are based on
official Department estimates. They exclude States for which no official estimates are
compiled.
DEFINITIONS
"Value of production" as applied to crops in the various tables, is de1ived by multiplying
production by thGJ estimated season average price received by farmers for that portion of
the commodity actually sold. In the case of fruits and vegetables, quantities not harvested
because of low prices or other economic factors are not included in value of production.
The term "farm value" is used in the inventory tables on livestock and poultry to mean
value of the number of head on farms on the inventory date. It is derived by multiplying
the number of head by an estimated value per head as of that date.
The word "Year" (alone) in a column heading means calendar year. "Ton" when used
in this book without qualifications means a short ton of 2,000 pounds.
IV
AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 1976 v
WEIGHTS, MEASURES, AND CONVERSION FACTORS
The following table on weights, measures, and conversion factors covers the most im
portant agricultural products, or the products for which such information is most frequently
asked of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. It does not cover all farm products nor all
containers for any one product.
The information has been assembled from State schedules of legal weights, various
sources within the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and other Government agencies.
For most products, particularly fruits and vegetables, there is a considerable variation
in weight per unit of volume due to differences in variety or size of commodity, condition
and tightness of pack, degree to which the container is heaped, etc. Effort has been made
to select the most representative and fairest average for each product. For those commodities
which develop considerable shrinkage, the point of origin weight or weight at harvest has
been used.
The approximate or average weights as given in this table do not necessarily have official
standing as a basis for packing or as grounds for settling disputes. Not all of them are
recognized as legal weight. The table was prepared chiefly for use of workers in the U.S.
Department of Agriculture who have need of conversion factors in statistical computations.
VI AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 1976
WEIGHTS, MEASURES, AND CONVERSION FACTORS
(See explanatory text just preceding this table)
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
Approximate Approximate
net weight net weight
Commodity Unit 1 Commodity Unit 1
U.S. Metric u.s. Metric
Pounds Kilo(Jfams Pouna. Kilograms
Alfalfa seed. _____ BusheL_ ______ 60 27.2 Celery __________ Crate u _______ 60 27.2
____ do ________ 48 21.8 tug (Camp-
Northwest Cherries ________ bell) 12 ______ 16 7.3
Apples ____ --_---- box 2 ________ 44 20.0 Lug ___________ 20 9.1
Fiberboard Clover seed ______ BusheL_ ______ 60 27.2
box, cell Corn:
Apricots. ________ Lupga c(Bk _r_e_n_t-____ 37-44 16.8-20.0 SEhaerl,l ehdu _sk_e_d__ _____ _B__u_s .hdeoL _ ______________ "7506 2351..48
Western _______ 4-bcwaraosktoeed t4 ) _'_-_-_-_-_-_- 2246 1101..98 SOMirieuLap __L__ _____________________ __G____a__l _l. oddnoo _ _______________________ 1I0I 7. 5.7 270 2532...375
ArGticlohboek _e_s_: _______ Yz-box. _- ----- 20 9.1 Sweet_ ________ f"b'a"g _"__"__'_"__ _ 4&--50 20.4-22.7
Jerusalem ______ BusheL _______ 50 22.7 Wirebound
Asparagus ________ Crate _________ 30 13.6 crate_ _______ 40-60 18.1-27.2
Avocados ________ Lug6 _________ 12-15 5.4-6.8 Cotton __________ Bale, gross _____ 14 500 227
Bananas_-------- Fibbeorx f6o _l_d_in__g_ __ 40 18.1 Cottonseed ______ BBaulseh, enLe_t ____________ 14l S4 3820 1241.85
BBeaLarlniemsy:a _,_ _d_r_y_ ___________ _B__u_s .hdeoL _ ________ _, ____ 5486 2215..84 CCCoorawttnopbneesaresr ie_ed_s _ _o__i__L__ ______ {GB~uabls'lhobenhL _; __~__~__ __-____~__: 10 7160. 007 24375...524
Other, dry _____ {s~;,~r~~:::::::: 60 27.2 1, 25 II. 3
100 45.4 Cream, 40-
Lima, un- percent
shelled _______ BusheL ______ 28-32 12.7-14.5 butterfat ______ Gallon ________ 8.38 3.80
Snap __________ _____ do ________ 28-32 12.7-14.5 Cucumbers ______ BusheL_ ______ 48 21.8
Beets: Dewberries ______ 24-qt. crate ____ 36 16.3
Without tops ___ _____ do ________ 50 22.7 Eggplant ________ BusheL_ ______ 33 15.0
Bunched _______ Wirebound Eggs, average
crate ________ 45 20.4 size ___________ Case, 30 dozen_ 47.0 21.3
Berries, frozen Escarole. _______ BusheL ______ 25 11.3
pack: Figs, fresh _______ Box, single
Without layer 11 ______ 6 2. 7
23 ++su gII appr a_ac_c_kk_ ______________ __5____0__- g_. addloo. _b___a__r__r__e__L____. 344258500 211079423 GFFllraoaxupsree, fevrdua _irt_i:o_ u_s_ ______ BBaugs h__e_L_ ______________ 15060 2455..44
Blackberries ______ 24-qt. crate ____ 36 16.3 Florida and
Bluegrass seed ____ BusheL_ ______ 14-30 6.4-13.6 Texas _______ Yz-box mesh
Broccoli_ _________ Wicrrea bteo _u_n_d_ ____ 20-25 9.1-11.3 Florida _______ 1'/ob abgu _._ _b_o_x_ _______ 8450 3188..16
Brboaolmesc oprenr t(o 6n ) ___ Bale ___.__._ ___-_ 333 151 CTeaxliafso _rn__ia_ _____ 12/o bu. box ____ 80 36.3
Broomcorn seed ___ BusheL ______ 44-50 20.0-22.7 Desert
Brussels sprouts ___ Drums ________ 25 11.3 Valleys and
BBuucttkewr _h_e_a_t_ _____________ BBouxs h__e_L___ ____________ 6448 2291..08 Arizona _____ {BCoaxrt o18n _ _2_0 ____________ 19 3624 2194..05
California
r~~ 50 22.7 other than
Cabbage ____ ----- Wcirreabteo u7n _d_ ____ 50 22.7 DVaelsleeyrts _____ {BCoaxrt oIsn _ _2o_ ____________ 33Y67z 3150..24
Western Grapes:·
crate 8 _______ 80 36.3 4-qt. climax
Cantaloupe _______ Jumbo crateD __ 83 37.6 Eastern _______ basket. _____ 6 2. 7
Carrots: 12-qt. basket_ __ 18-20 8.2-9.1
tushel__ ______ 50 22.7 Lug"--------- 28 12.7
Without tops ___ Open mesh Western ______ 4-basket
bag _____ " ___ 50 22.7 crate22 ______ 20 9.1
CCaassttoorr obieLan _s_ __________ GBWua.lGslho.eAnL _. __c__r__a__t__e__ ____ 50-1064 108 22.7-21378...626 HHHoeicmnkepoysr _ey_e _nd_ u___t_s__ ___________ _GB__ua_ls l.hodenoL _ _ _____________________ 11.854440 22502...470
Fiberboard Honeydew
box, wrapper melons ________ Jumbo crate"-- 44 20.0
Cauliflower _______ leaves re- Hops _____ -----_ Bale, gross _____ 200 90.7
moved, film-
wrapped, 2
layers _______ 23-35 10.4-15.9
See footnotes on page X.
AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 1976 VII
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES-Continued
Approximate Approximate
net weight net weight
Commodity Unit• Commodity Unit •
U.S. Metric U.S. Metric
Pounds Kiloorams Pounds Kilograms
Pears:
Horseradish {BusheL _____ _ 35 15.9 California _____ BusheL ______ _ 48 21.8
roots_--------- BarreL _______ _ 100 45.4 Other ______________ do _______ _ 50 22.7
Hungarian Western ______ Box:a ________ _ 46 20.9
millet seed _____ BusheL _____ _ 48 and 50 21.8-22.7 Peas:
Kale _________________ _do _______ _ 18 8.2 Green, un-
Kapok seed ___________ do _______ _ 35-40 15.9-18.1 shelled ______ BusheL _____ _ 28-30 12.7-13.6
Lard____________ Tierce ________ _ 375 170 Dry _______________ do _______ _ 60 27.2
Lemons: Pepper, green ____ {Fibe~b'~;;.J ___ _ 25-30 11.3-13.6
CaAlirfi?zronniaa _a_n_d_ __ {BCoaxr t2o4n _ _2_0 __________ __ 19 3786 3147..25 Perilla seed ______ BucsahretoLn _ __________ __ 3307--3440 1163..86--1185..14
Lentils ___________ BusheL _____ _ 60 27.2 Pineapples______ Crate"-_____ _ 70 31.8
Lettuce__________ Fiberboard Plums and
box, carton __ 38-55 17.2-24.9 prunes:
Lettuce hot- California_____ 4-basket
house __________ 24-qt. basket __ _ 10 4.5 crate29 _____ _ 28-34 12.7-15.4
Limes (Florida) ___ Box __________ _ 80 36.3 Other _________ Yz-bu. basket __ 28 12.7
Linseed oil__ _____ Gallon _______ _ 10 7. 7 3.5 Popcorn:
Malt_ ___________ BusheL ______ _ 34 15.4 On ear ________ BusheL _____ ._ "70 31.8
Maple sirup ______ Gallon _______ _ 11.03 5.00 Shelled ____________ do _______ _ 56 25.4
Meadow fescue Poppy seed ___________ do _______ _ 46 20.9
seed ___________ BusheL ______ _ 24 10.9 BusheL ______ _ 60 27.2
Milk ____________ Gallon _______ _ 8.6 3.90 Potatoes ________ {BarreL ______ _ 165 74.8
Millet___________ BusheL ______ _ 48-50 21.8-22.7 B__a_g_ _ d_o_ ______________ __ 50 22.7
Molasses, 100 45.4
edible __________ Gallon_------- II. 72 5.3 Quinces _________ BusheL ______ _ 48 21.8
Molasses, Rapeseed ____________ do _______ _ 50 and 60 22.7-27.2
inedible _____________ do _______ _ II. 74 5.3 Raspberries _____ 24-qt. crate ___ _ 36 16.3
Mustard seed _____ BusheL ______ _ 58-60 26.3-27.2 Redtop seed _____ BusheL ______ _ 50 and 60 22.7-27.2
Oats ________ ----______ do _______ _ 32 14.5 Refiners' sirup ___ Gallon _______ _ 11.45 5.2
Olives __ --------- Lug"--------- 25-30 11.3-13.6 Rice:
OOlniivoen so,i ld__ry _ ____________ SGaaclklo _n_ ______________ __ 10 75.60 232..57 Rough ________ {BBaugsh __e_L_ ____________ __ 14050 2405..44
Onions, green BarreL ______ _ 162 73.5
bunched _______ Crate ________ _ 60-65 27.2-29.5 Milled ________ Pocketorbag __ 100 45.4
Onion sets ________ BusheL ______ _ 28-32 12.7-14.5 Rosin ___________ Drum, net_ ___ _ 520 236
Oranges: Rutabagas ______ BusheL ______ _ 56 25.4
FlT!~:.~~~-----{Yzb:~~~~--- 45 20.4 SReysea m__e_ _se_e_d_ ____________________ ddoo ______________ __ 5466 2250..49
Box25 ________ _ 90 40.8 Shallots_________ Crate (4-7 doz.
bunches) ___ _ 20-35 9.1-15.9
CaAlinf?zronniaa _a_n_d_ __ {BCaorxt o18~ -ro:::::: 3197 7Y5z 3147..00 SoSrgeoe:d __________ BusheL ______ _ 50 22.7
Orchardgrass Sirup _________ Gallon _______ _ 11.55 5.2
seed ___________ BusheL _____ _ 14 6.4 Sorghum
PPPeaaarlmscnh ieopsis L_ __ ________________________ {Gt~~~a~nllJro~:n:~ _::_:_-:_-:_-:_-:_-: _ 10 7524. 8007 223921....1857 SSSSppoogeiyynrlbbtaa_eeicnaa h_nan_ _os __o _____i___L_______ __________________ ____GBB__uau__ls__siho dhdenooeL ___L ____ _________________________ _____ 1108 7-2456. 00067 8.2221-39578.....11425
fruit box_--- 26 18 8.2 Strawberries _____ {24-qt. crate ___ _ 36 16.3
Peanut oiL ______ Gallon _______ _ 107.7 3.5 12-pt. crate ___ _ 9-11 4.1-5.0
Peanuts, ·sudangrass
unshelled: seed __________ BnsheL ______ _ 40 18.1
Virginia type___ BusheL ______ _ 17 7. 7 Sugarcane sirup
Runners, south- (sulfured or
eastern ___________ do _______ _ 21 9.5 unsulfured ____ Gallon _______ _ 11.45 5.2
Spanish Sunfiower seed ___ BusheL ______ _ 24 and 32 10.9-14.5
Soeuatsht-ern _________ do _______ _ 25 11.3 Sweetpotatoes ___ {C--r-a_tde o__ ___ _-_-_-_-_- -_ 315550 2242..97
South- Tangerines
western _________ do _______ _ 25 11.3 Florida __1 _____ '/•-bu. box ____ _ 47Yz 21.5
See footnotes on page X.
VIII AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 1976
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES-Continued
Approximate Approximate
net weight net weight
Commodity Unit I Commodity Unit'
u.s. Metric u.s. Metric
Pounds Kil<igrama Pounds Kil<igrams
Timothy seed ..... BusheL ..... . 45 20.4 Tung oiL ....... Gallon ....... . 10 7.8 3.5
Tobacco: Turnips:
Maryland ...... Hogshead .... . 775 352 Without tops .. Mesh sack .... . 50 22.7
Flue-cured .....•....d o _______ _ 950 431 Bunched ...... Crate•. ...... . 70-80 31.8-36.3
Burley. _____________ do _______ _ 975 442 Turpentine ...... Gallon •....... 7.23 3.3
Dark air-cured .......d o _______ _ 1,150 522 Velvetbeans
Virginia (hulled) ..•.... BusheL. ..... . 60 27.2
fire-cured .........d o ....... . 1,350 612 Vetch ...........•....d o. ______ _ 60 27.2
Kentucky and Walnuts ________ .....d o •....... 50 22.7
Tennessee Water 60° F _____ Gallon ....... . 8.33 3.8
fire-cured .........d o _______ _ 1,500 680 Watermelons .... Melons of
Cigar-leaf ... _- -~~!i:~~~: ~ ~~ ~ ~~ 215500--316755 681.01-37-196.46 amveedriaugme or
Crate ........ . 60 27.2 size ________ _ 25 11.3
Tomatoes ........ Lug box"----- 32 14.5 WheaL ........ BusheL ______ _ 60 27.2
2-layer flat .... 21 9.5 Various com- {Short ton _____ _ 2,000 907
Tomatoes, modities .•.... Long ton ..... . 2,240 1,016
hothouse ....... 12-qt. basket. . . 20 9.1 Metric ton ____ _ 2,204.6 1,000
See footnotes on page X.
To Convert From Avoirdupois Pounds
To Multiply by
Kilograms. _____ -----------------------___ 0.45359237
Metric tons _______ -----------__ --------___ 0.00045359237
AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 1976 IX
CONVERSION FACTORS
Commodity Unit Approximate equivalent
Apples_________________________________ 1 pound dried ____________ _ 7 pounds fresh; beginning 1943, 8 pcunds fresh
Do _______________________________ 1 pound chops ___________ _ 5 pounds fresh
Do _______________________________ 1 case canned32 __________ _ 1. 4 bushels fresh
Applesauce ____ -------------_________________ do"-_______________ _ 1.2 bushels fresh
6 pounds fresh
~E~tft~~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::: :~:~:":~~~~~~:::::::::1 4.59 bushels barley
2 pounds unshelled
Beans, snap or wax ______________________ 1 case canneda3 __________ _ 0.008 ton fresh
Buckwheat flour __ -------------_________ 100 pounds ____ ---------__ 3.47 bushels buckwheat
Calves _________________________________ 1 pound live weight _______ _ 0.557 pound dressed weight (1954-63 average)
Cattle_----------___________________________ do __________________ _ 0.561 pound dressed weight (1954-63 average)
Cane sirup_-----------------------_____ 1 gallon _________________ _ 5 pounds sugar
Cherries, tart ___________________________ 1 case canned32 __________ _ 0.023 ton fresh
Chickens _______________________________ 1 pound live weight_ ______ _ 0. 72 pound ready-to-cook weight.
Corn, shelled ___________________________ 1 bushel (56lbs.) _________ _ 2 bushels (70 pcunds) of husked ear corn
Corn, sweet_ ___________________________ 1 case canned33 __________ _ 0.030 ton fresh
Cornmeal:
Degermed___ _____ _____ _____ ____ ______ 100 pounds ____________ : __ 3.16 bushels corn, beginning 1946
Nondegermed ______________ ----------______ do __________________ _ 2 bushels corn, beginning 1946
Cotton_ __________________________ ------ 1 pound ginned __________ _ 3.26 pounds seed cotton, including trash"
Cottonseed meaL _______________________ 1 pound _________________ _ 2.10 pounds cottonseed
Cotton&..oed oiL ____ ----------________________ do __________________ _ 5.88 pounds cottonseed
Dairy products:
Butter_ ___________________________________ do __________________ _ 21.1 pcunds milk
Cheese ____________________________________ do __________________ _ !0 pounds milk
Condensed milk, whole _____________________ do __________________ _ 2.3 pounds milk
Dry cream ________________________________ do _____ -------------- 19 pounds milk
Dry milk, whole ___________________________ do __________________ _ 7.6 pounds milk
~f'aif.:da~~!~: ~~~~e~~:::: :::::::::: :::: :~~::::::::::::::::: :: 2.14 pounds milk
2.6 pounds milk
Nonfat dry milk_---------------___________ do __________________ _ II pounds liquid skim milk
Ice cream"-_________________________ 1 gallon _________________ _ 15 pounds milk
Ice cream"' (eliminating fat from butter
and concentrated milk) _____ do __________________ _ 12 pounds milk
Eggs ___ ------------------------------- I case ___________________ _ 47 pounds
Eggs, shelL __ -------------------------- _____ do __________________ _ 39.5 pounds frozen or liquid whole eggs
Do ____________________________________ do __________________ _ 10.3 pounds dried whole eggs
Figs ______________ --------------_______ I pound dried ____________ _ 3 pounds fresh in California; 4 pounds fresh else-
where
Flaxseed_______________________________ 1 busheL ________ -------_ About 2Y, gallons oil
Grapefrnit, Florida ______________________ 1 case canned juice"'------- 0.64 box fresh frnit
Hogs_ --------------------------------- 1 pound live weight__ _____ _ 0.579 pound dressed weight, excluding lard (1954-63
average)
Linseed meaL-------------------------- 1 pound _________________ _ 1.51 pcunds flaxseed
Linseed oiL _________________________________ do __________________ _ 2. 77 pounds flaxseed
Malt _____________________ ------------_ 1 bushel (34 lbs.) _________ _ 1 bushel barley ( 48 lbs.)
Maple sirup ____________________________ 1 gallon _________________ _ 8 pounds maple sugar
Nuts:
Almonds imported ____________________ 1 pound shelled __________ _ 3 .\i pounds unshelled
Almonds, California ____ --------------- _____ do __________________ _ 2.22 pounds unshelled through 1949; 2 pounds
thereafter
BraziL __ -----------------------__________ do __________________ _ 2 pcunds unshelled
Cashews_------------------_______________ do _______ ------------ 4.55 pounds unshelled
Chestnuts __ ·---------------_---------_____ do _____________ ------ 1.19 pounds unshelled
Filberts_ _________ ------___________________ do __________________ _ 2.22 pounds unshelled through 1949; 2.5 pounds
thereafter
Pecans:
Seedling ___ ------------------------ _____ do __________________ _ 2. 78 pounds unshelled
Improved _______________________________ do __________________ _ 2.50 pounds unshelled
Pigno!ias __________________________________ do __________________ _ 1.3 pounds unshelled
Pistachios _________________________________ do ____ -------------__ 2 pounds unshelled
Walnuts:
Black _____ -------------_________________ do __________ --------- 5.88 pounds unshelled
Oat!.:'at~~ _<~~~1~~~~ ~ ~: :::::::::::::::: -iiiii -:~~~d.8::::: :::::::::: 27..66 7b puoshuenldss o uantss,h belelgeidn ning 1943
Oranges, Florida ________________________ 1 case canned juiceaa ______ _ 0.53 box fresh
Peaches, California, freestone _____________ I pound dried ____________ _ 5Ys pounds fresh through 1918; 6 pounds fresh for
1919-28; and 67\l pounds fresh from 1929 to date
7Y, pounds fresh
~:~~~~~~~~[~~~~;~~n:~;~~~:::::::::::: ~~:~sJ:~~~~~~::::::::: 1 bushel fresh
0.0230 ton fresh
Peanuts________________________________ I pound shelled __________ _ IY, pounds unshelled
~~;1larti~tt_-_-:~::::::::::::::::::::: i ::en!:_:,~-_:::::::::: 6Y, pounds fresh
1.1 bushels fresh
Do ____________________________________ do __________________ _ 0.026 ton fresh
See footnotes on page X.
X AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 1976
CONVERSION FACTORS-Continued
Commodity Unit Approximate equivalent
Peas, green_____________________________ I pound shelled. _________ _ 2)1 pounds unshelled
Do_______________________________ 1 case canned 33 __________ _ 0.009 ton fresh (shelled)
Prunes ________________ .________________ I pound dried ____________ _ 2.7 pounds fresh in California; 3 to 4 pounds fresh
elsewhere
lli>isins ____________ . ___________ . _______ I pound _________________ _ 4.3 pounds fresh grapes
Rice, milled (excluding brewers) __________ 100 pounds ______________ _ !52 pounds rough or unhulled rice
Rye flour __ . _______________________________ .do ___ . ______________ _ 2.23 bushels rye, beginning 1947
Sheep and lambs ________________________ I pound live weight _______ _ 0.482 pound dressed weight (1954-£3 average)
Soybean meaL _________________________ I pound _________________ _ 1.27 pounds soybeans
Soybean oiL ________________________________ do ____ ---__ ---------- 5.49 pounds soybeans
Sugar__________________________________ 1 ton raw ________________ _ 0.9346 ton refined
Tobacco _______________ --------------- 1 pound farm-sales weight Various weights of stemmed and unstemmed,
according to aging and the type of tobacco. (See
circular 435, U.S. Dept. of Agr .)
Tomatoes ... __ . _________ . __________ ... - 1 case canned sa __________ _ 0.018 ton fresh
Turkeys. ________________________ _ 1 pound live weight _______ _ 0.80 pound ready-to-cook weight
Wheat flour.---------------------- 100 pounds. _____________ _ 2.30 bushels wheat"
WWooooll,, ddoommeessttiicc aappppaarreell sphuollrend _ ____________ __ ________ __I_ p__o udnod _ _g_r_e_a_s_y_ _____________________ __ 00.. 4783 ppoouunndd ssccoouurreedd
'Standard bushel used in the United States contains 2,150.42 cubic inches; the gallon, 231 cubic inches; the cranberry barrel,
5,826 cubic inches; and the standard fruit and vegetable barrel, 7,056 cubic inches. Such large-sized products as apples and potatoes
sometimes are sold on the basis of a heaped bushel, which would exceed somewhat the 2,150.42 cubic inches of a bushel basket
level full. This also applies to such products as sweetpotatoes, peaches, green beans, green peas, spinach, etc.
2 Approximate inside dimensions, 10)1 by 11)1 by 18 inches.
8 Approximate inside dimensions, 4% by 12)1 by 16Ys inches.
4 Approximate inside dimensions, 4)1 by 16 by 16Ys inches.
'Approximate dimensions, 4)1 by 13)1 by 16Ys inches.
6 Approximate inside dimensions, 13 by 12 by 32 inches.
7 Inside dimensions vary. Common sizes are 13 by 13 by 22Ys inches, and 13 by 15Ys by 23 inches.
8 Approximate inside dimensions, 13 by 18 by 21% inches.
9 Approximate inside dimensions, 13 by 13 by 22Ys inches.
10 This is the weight commonly used in trade practices, the actual weight varying according to temperature conditions.
11 Approximate inside dimensions, 9% by 16 by 20 inches.
12 Approximate inside dimensions, 4Ys by 11)1 by 14 inches.
18 The standard weight of 70 pounds is usually recognized as being about 2 measured bushels of corn, husked, on the ear, because
it required 70 pounds to yield 1 bushel, or 56 pounds, of shelled corn.
14 For statistical purposes the bale of cotton is 500 pounds or 480 pounds net weight. Prior to Aug. 1, 1946, the net weight was
estimated at 478 pounds. Actual bale weights vary considerably, and the customary average weights of bales of foreign cotton
differ from that of the American square bale.
15 This is Lhe average weight of cottonseed, although the legal weight in some States varies from this figure of 32 pounds.
16 Approximate inside dimensions, 9 )4 by 10)1 by 15 inches.
11 Approximate inside dimensions, 1% by 11 by 16Ys inches.
"'Approximate inside dimensions, 11)1 by 11)1 by 24 inches.
19 In California and Arizona from 1942 through 1953, the net weights as used by this Department were 77 pounds for oranges,
79 pounds for lemons, and 65 pounds for Desert Valleys grapefruit. Grapefruit in California areas, other than the Desert Valleys,
averaged 68 pounds. The new weights effective in 1954 reflect the shift from the "box" to the )1-box carton as the container used.
20 Approximate inside dimensions 10)4 by JOH/16 by 16% inches for oranges or lemons, and 9% by JOll(ls by 16% inches for
grapefruit.
" Approximate inside dimensions, 5% by 13)1 by 16Ys inches.
22 Approximate inside dimensions, 4% by 16 by 16Ys inches.
,. Approximate inside dimensions, 7% by 16 by 21Ys inches.
" Approximate inside dimensions, 9Ys by 13 by 25 inches.
25 Approximate iooide dimensions 12 by 12 by 24 inches.
26 Approximate inside dimensions vary. Common size is 4)1 by 11)1 by 16Ys inches.
Zl Approximate inside dimensions, 8)1 by 11)1 by 18 inches.
" Approximate inside dimensions, 12 by 10)1 by 33 inches.
"Inside dimensions vary. lli>nges from 4 by 16 by 16Ys inches to 6 by 16 by 16Ys inches.
80 Includes both sorghum grain (kafir, milo, hegari, etc.) and sweet sorghum varieties.
31 This average of 55 pounds indicates the usual weight of sweetpotatoes when harvested. Much weight is lost. in curing or
drying and the net weight when sold in terminal markets may be below 55 pounds.
82 Case of 24 No. 2)1 cans.
" Case of 24 No. 303 cans.
" Varies widely by method of harvesting.
35 The milk equivalent of ice cream per gallon is 15 pounds. Reports from plants indicate about 81 percent of the butterfat in ice
cream is from milk and cream, the remainder being from butter and concentrated milk. Thus the milk equivalent of the milk and
cream in a gallon of ice cream is about 12 pounds.
"This is equivalent to 4.51 bushels of wheat per barrel (196 pounds) of flour and has been used in conversions, beginning
July I, 1957. Because of changes in milling processes, the following factors per barrel of flour have been used for earlier periods:
1790-1879, 5 bushels; 1880-1908, 4.75 bushels; 1909-17, 4.7 bushels; 1918 and 1919, 4.5 bushelli; 1920, 4.6 bushels; 1921-44, 4.7
bushels; July 1944-Feb. 1946, 4.57 bushels; March 1946-0ct. 1946, average was about 4.31 bushels; and Nov. 1946-June 1957,
4.57 bushels.
