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Agricultural
Irrigation
Edited by
Aliasghar Montazar
Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Agriculture
www.mdpi.com/journal/agriculture
Agricultural Irrigation
Agricultural Irrigation
SpecialIssueEditor
AliasgharMontazar
MDPI•Basel•Beijing•Wuhan•Barcelona•Belgrade
SpecialIssueEditor
AliasgharMontazar
UniversityofCaliforniaCooperativeExtension
USA
EditorialOffice
MDPI
St.Alban-Anlage66
4052Basel,Switzerland
This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal
Agriculture (ISSN 2077-0472) from 2018 to 2019 (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/
agriculture/specialissues/AgriculturalIrrigation).
Forcitationpurposes,citeeacharticleindependentlyasindicatedonthearticlepageonlineandas
indicatedbelow:
LastName,A.A.; LastName,B.B.; LastName,C.C.ArticleTitle. JournalNameYear,ArticleNumber,
PageRange.
ISBN978-3-03921-922-3(Pbk)
ISBN978-3-03921-923-0(PDF)
CoverimagecourtesyofAliasgharMontazar.
(cid:2)c 2019bytheauthors. ArticlesinthisbookareOpenAccessanddistributedundertheCreative
Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon
publishedarticles,aslongastheauthorandpublisherareproperlycredited,whichensuresmaximum
disseminationandawiderimpactofourpublications.
ThebookasawholeisdistributedbyMDPIunderthetermsandconditionsoftheCreativeCommons
licenseCCBY-NC-ND.
Contents
AbouttheSpecialIssueEditor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Prefaceto”AgriculturalIrrigation” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
AmirHaghverdi,BrianLeib,RobertWashington-Allen,WesleyC.Wright,SomayehGhodsi,
TimothyGrant,MuziZhengandPhueVanchiasong
StudyingCropYieldResponsetoSupplementalIrrigationandtheSpatialHeterogeneityofSoil
PhysicalAttributesinaHumidRegion
Reprintedfrom:Agriculture2019,9,43,doi:10.3390/agriculture9020043 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
PrudentiaZikalala,IsayaKisekkaandMarkGrismer
Calibration and Global Sensitivity Analysis for a Salinity Model Used in Evaluating Fields
IrrigatedwithTreatedWastewaterintheSalinasValley
Reprintedfrom:Agriculture2019,9,31,doi:10.3390/agriculture9020031 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
AliMontazar,MichaelCahnandAlexanderPutman
Research Advances in Adopting Drip Irrigation for California Organic Spinach:
PreliminaryFindings
Reprintedfrom:Agriculture2019,9,177,doi:10.3390/agriculture9080177 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
RosaFrancavigliaandClaudiaDiBene
DeficitDripIrrigationinProcessingTomatoProductionintheMediterraneanBasin. AData
AnalysisforItaly
Reprintedfrom:Agriculture2019,9,79,doi:10.3390/agriculture9040079 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
DivyaHanda,RobertS.Frazier,SalehTaghvaeianandJasonG.Warren
The Efficiencies, Environmental Impacts and Economics of Energy Consumption for
Groundwater-BasedIrrigationinOklahoma
Reprintedfrom:Agriculture2019,9,27,doi:10.3390/agriculture9020027 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
GulomBekmirzaev,JoseBeltraoandBaghdadOuddane
EffectofIrrigationWaterRegimesonYieldofTetragoniaTetragonioides
Reprintedfrom:Agriculture2019,9,22,doi:10.3390/agriculture9010022 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Yong-zongLu,Peng-feiLiu,AliasgharMontazar,Kyaw-ThaPawUandYong-guangHu
SoilWaterInfiltrationModelforSprinklerIrrigationControlStrategy:ACaseforTeaPlantation
inYangtzeRiverRegion
Reprintedfrom:Agriculture2019,9,206,doi:10.3390/agriculture9100206 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
FaithM.Muema,PatrickG.HomeandJamesM.Raude
ApplicationofBenchmarkingandPrincipalComponentAnalysisinMeasuringPerformanceof
PublicIrrigationSchemesinKenya
Reprintedfrom:Agriculture2018,8,162,doi:10.3390/agriculture8100162 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Muzi Zheng, Brian Leib, David Butler, Wesley Wright, Paul Ayers, Douglas Hayes and
Amir Haghverdi
Assessing Heat Management Practices in High Tunnels to Improve the Production of
Romaine Lettuce
Reprintedfrom:Agriculture2019,9,203,doi:10.3390/agriculture9090203 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
v
PanagiotisDalias,AnastasisChristouandDamianosNeocleous
Adjustment of Irrigation Schedules as a Strategy to Mitigate Climate Change Impacts on
AgricultureinCyprus
Reprintedfrom:Agriculture2019,9,4,doi:10.3390/agriculture9010004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
vi
About the Special Issue Editor
AliasgharMontazarholdsaPhDinirrigationanddrainageengineering,andiscurrentlyIrrigation
andWaterManagementAdvisorattheUniversityofCaliforniaDivisionofAgricultureandNatural
Resources. He is a previous Project Scientist at the University of California, Davis, and a former
AssociateProfessorattheDepartmentofIrrigationandDrainageEngineering,UniversityofTehran.
His research, teaching, and outreach activities focus on best irrigation and nutrient management
practices,deficitirrigationstrategy,viabilityassessmentofon-farmwaterconservationpracticesand
technologies,sensor-basedagriculturalwatermanagementandcropwaterusemeasurements,and
thedevelopmentofcropcoefficientsinCalifornialowdesertcroppingsystems.
vii
Preface to ”Agricultural Irrigation”
Agriculture is certainly the most important food supplier, globally accounting for more than
70%ofusedwaterandcontributingsignificantlytowaterpollution. Irrigatedagricultureisfacing
risingcompetitionworldwideregardingaccesstoreliable,low-cost,andhigh-qualitywaterresources.
However, irrigation, as the major tool and determinant of affecting agricultural productivity and
environmental resources, plays a critical role in food security and environment sustainability.
Innovative irrigation technologies and practices may enhance agricultural water efficiency and
production,simultaneouslymitigatingwaterdemandandqualityissues.
This Special Issue brings together a collection of ten cutting-edge studies focusing on recent
advancementsinagriculturalirrigationwhichassessthecurrentchallengesandofferapproaches,
tools,andopportunitiesfortheimprovementoffutureirrigation. Haghverdiandco-workersreport
cottoncropyieldresponsetoirrigationandthespatialheterogeneityofsoilphysicalattributesina
humidregion. Zikalalaandco-workerspresentarootzonesalinitymodelforvegetablecrops. My
groupandIreportapreliminaryviabilityassessmentofusingdripirrigationfororganicspinach
production and the management of spinach downy mildew disease. Francaviglia and co-worker
outline the effects of deficit irrigation strategies on crop yields and irrigation water utilization
efficiencyofprocessingtomato. Handaandco-workersreporttheresultsoftheirinvestigationon
the efficiencies, environmental footprint, and economics of irrigation pumping in two Oklahoma
areas that rely heavily on groundwater resources. Bekmirzaev and co-workers outline the effect
ofirrigationwaterregimesonTetragoniatetragonioidesproductivityinasemi-aridregion. Luand
co-workers present a model developed for optimal sprinkler irrigation management in tea fields
of the Yangtze River region. Muema and co-workers report a combination of benchmarking and
principalcomponentanalysisforevaluatingtheefficiencyofirrigationschemesinKenya.Daliasand
co-workersoutlinetherequiredadjustmentofirrigationschedulesasastrategytomitigateclimate
changeimpactsonagricultureinCyprus. And,finally,Zhengandco-workersdiscussanevaluation
ofmanagementpractices(covercrops,mulcting,andusingcitywaterforirrigation)onimproving
thermalprotectionwithlowinputsustainablepracticesinlettuceproduction. IhopethisSpecial
Issuewillbeusefultoresearchers,professionals,andstudents,aswellascontributetodevelopments
infutureirrigation.
AliasgharMontazar
SpecialIssueEditor
ix
