Table Of ContentCONTENTSOFTHEHANDBOOK
VOLUME1A
PART1:AGRICULTURALPRODUCTION
Chapter1
ProductionandSupply
YAIRMUNDLAK
Chapter2
Uncertainty,RiskAversion,andRiskManagementforAgriculturalProducers
GIANCARLOMOSCHINIandDAVIDA.HENNESSY
Chapter3
Expectations,InformationandDynamics
MARCNERLOVEandDAVIDA.BESSLER
Chapter4
TheAgriculturalInnovationProcess:ResearchandTechnologyAdoptioninaChangingAgriculturalSector
DAVIDSUNDINGandDAVIDZILBERMAN
Chapter5
StructuralChangeinAgriculturalProduction:Economics,TechnologyandPolicy
JEAN-PAULCHAVAS
Chapter6
LandInstitutionsandLandMarkets
KLAUSDEININGERandGERSHONFEDER
Chapter7
HumanCapital:EducationandAgriculture
WALLACEE.HUFFMAN
Chapter8
Women’sRolesintheAgriculturalHousehold:BargainingandHumanCapitalInvestments
T.PAULSCHULTZ
Chapter9
HumanCapital:MigrationandRuralPopulationChange
J.EDWARDTAYLORandPHILIPL.MARTIN
Chapter10
AgriculturalFinance:Credit,CreditConstraints,andConsequences
PETERJ.BARRYandLINDONJ.ROBISON
vii
viii ContentsoftheHandbook
Chapter11
EconomicImpactsofAgriculturalResearchandExtension
ROBERTE.EVENSON
Chapter12
TheAgriculturalProducer:TheoryandStatisticalMeasurement
RICHARDE.JUSTandRULOND.POPE
VOLUME1B
PART2:MARKETING,DISTRIBUTIONANDCONSUMERS
Chapter13
CommodityFuturesandOptions
JEFFREYC.WILLIAMS
Chapter14
StorageandPriceStabilization
BRIANWRIGHT
Chapter15
FoodProcessingandDistribution:AnIndustrialOrganizationApproach
RICHARDJ.SEXTONandNATHALIELAVOIE
Chapter16
MarketingMargins:EmpiricalAnalysis
MICHAELK.WOHLGENANT
Chapter17
SpatialPriceAnalysis
PAULL.FACKLERandBARRYK.GOODWIN
Chapter18
DualityfortheHousehold:TheoryandApplications
JEFFREYT.LaFRANCE
Chapter19
EconomicAnalysisofFoodSafety
JOHNM.ANTLE
Chapter20
MarketingandDistribution:TheoryandStatisticalMeasurement
JAMESVERCAMMENandANDREWSCHMITZ
Chapter21
ProductionandMarketing
RACHAELE.GOODHUEandGORDONC.RAUSSER
ContentsoftheHandbook ix
VOLUME2A
PART3:AGRICULTURE,NATURALRESOURCESANDTHEENVIRONMENT
Chapter22
TheEconomicsofAgricultureinDevelopingCountries:TheRoleoftheEnvironment
RAMÓNLÓPEZ
Chapter23
AgricultureandtheEnvironment
ERIKLICHTENBERG
Chapter24
Common-PoolResourcesandInstitutions:TowardaRevisedTheory
ELINOROSTROM
Chapter25
AgricultureandEcosystemServices
GEOFFREYM.HEALandARTHURA.SMALL
PART4:AGRICULTUREINTHEMACROECONOMY
Chapter26
AppliedGeneralEquilibriumAnalysisofAgriculturalandResourcePolicies
THOMASW.HERTEL
Chapter27
AgricultureandtheMacroeconomy,withEmphasisonDevelopingCountries
MAURICESCHIFFandALBERTOVALDÉS
Chapter28
TheMacroeconomicsofAgriculture
PIERGIORGIOARDENIandJOHNFREEBAIRN
Chapter29
AgricultureandEconomicDevelopment
C.PETERTIMMER
Chapter30
TheRuralSectorinTransitionEconomies
KARENBROOKSandJOHNNASH
Chapter31
RuralDevelopmentandRuralPolicy
ALAINDEJANVRY,ELISABETHSADOULETandRINKUMURGAI
Chapter32
AgricultureintheMacroeconomy:TheoryandMeasurement
PHILIPABBOTTandALEXMcCALLA
x ContentsoftheHandbook
VOLUME2B
PART5:AGRICULTURALANDFOODPOLICY
Chapter33
TheIncidenceofAgriculturalPolicy
JULIANM.ALSTONandJENNIFERS.JAMES
Chapter34
Information,Incentives,andtheDesignofAgriculturalPolicies
ROBERTG.CHAMBERS
Chapter35
MarketFailuresandSecond-BestAnalysiswithaFocusonNutrition,Credit,andIncompleteMarkets
ROBERTINNES
Chapter36
PoliticalEconomyofAgriculturalPolicy
HARRYDEGORTERandJOHANSWINNEN
Chapter37
ASynthesisofAgriculturalTradeEconomics
LARRYS.KARPandJEFFREYM.PERLOFF
Chapter38
InternationalTradePolicyandNegotiations
DANIELA.SUMNERandSTEFANTANGERMANN
Chapter39
PublicPolicy:ItsManyAnalyticalDimensions
GORDONC.RAUSSERandRACHAELE.GOODHUE
Chapter40
FoodSecurityandFoodAssistancePrograms
CHRISTOPHERB.BARRETT
Chapter41
FoodSecurityandtheWorldFoodSituation
R.C.DUNCAN
Chapter42
Policy-RelatedDevelopmentsinAgriculturalEconomics:SynthesisofHandbookVolume2
BRUCEL.GARDNERandD.GALEJOHNSON
VOLUME3
PART1:INTRODUCTION
Overview
ROBERTE.EVENSONandPRABHUPINGALI
ContentsoftheHandbook xi
PART2:HUMANRESOURCESANDTECHNOLOGYMASTERY
Chapter43
AgricultureandHumanCapitalinEconomicGrowth:Farmers,SchoolingandNutrition
WALLACEE.HUFFMANandPETERF.ORAZEM
Chapter44
AgriculturalExtension
JOCKR.ANDERSONandGERSHONFEDER
PART3:INVENTIONANDINNOVATION
Chapter45
TheRoleofInternationalAgriculturalResearchinContributingtoGlobalFoodSecurityandPoverty
Alleviation:TheCaseoftheCGIAR
PRABHUPINGALIandTIMKELLEY
Chapter46
ContributionsofNationalAgriculturalResearchSystemstoCropProductivity
ROBERTE.EVENSONandDOUGLASGOLLIN
Chapter47
LivestockProductivityinDevelopingCountries:AnAssessment
ALEJANDRONIN,SIMEONEHUIandSAMUELBENIN
Chapter48
AgriculturalInnovation:InvestmentsandIncentives
BRIAND.WRIGHT,PHILIPG.PARDEY,CAROLNOTTENBURGandBONWOOKOO
Chapter49
PrivateAgriculturalResearch
CARLE.PRAY,KEITHO.FUGLIEandDANIELK.N.JOHNSON
Chapter50
PlantBiotechnologyforDevelopingCountries
ROBERTHERDT,GARYTOENNIESSENandJOHNO’TOOLE
PART4:MARKETS,INSTITUTIONSANDTRANSACTIONCOSTS
Chapter51
EfficiencyandEquityEffectsofLandMarkets
KEIJIROOTSUKA
Chapter52
Labor:Decisions,ContractsandOrganization
JAMESROUMASSETandSANG-HYOPLEE
Chapter53
FertilizersandOtherFarmChemicals
PAULW.HEISEYandGEORGEW.NORTON
xii ContentsoftheHandbook
Chapter54
AgriculturalMechanization:AdoptionPatternsandEconomicImpact
PRABHUPINGALI
Chapter55
TransformationofMarketsforAgriculturalOutputinDevelopingCountriesSince1950:HowHasThinking
Changed?
THOMASREARDONandC.PETERTIMMER
Chapter56
RuralFinancialMarketsinDevelopingCountries
JONATHANCONNINGandCHRISTOPHERUDRY
PART5:NATURALRESOURCES
Chapter57
SoilQualityandAgriculturalDevelopment
PIERRECROSSON
Chapter58
TheEconomicsofWater,Irrigation,andDevelopment
KARINASCHOENGOLDandDAVIDZILBERMAN
Chapter59
LandUse:Forest,Agriculture,andBiodiversityCompetition
ROGERA.SEDJOandR.DAVIDSIMPSON
Chapter60
PastClimateChangeImpactsonAgriculture
ROBERTMENDELSOHN
CONTENTSOFVOLUME3
IntroductiontotheSeries v
ContentsoftheHandbook vii
PART1: INTRODUCTION
Overview
ROBERTE.EVENSONandPRABHUPINGALI 2253
PART2: HUMANRESOURCESANDTECHNOLOGYMASTERY
Chapter43
Agriculture and Human Capital in Economic Growth: Farmers, Schooling and
Nutrition
WALLACEE.HUFFMANandPETERF.ORAZEM 2281
Abstract 2282
Keywords 2282
1. Introduction 2283
2. A conceptual framework for visualizing economic growth from agriculture
andhumancapitalinvestments 2283
2.1. Two-sectormodel:Agricultureandnon-agriculture 2283
2.2. Amultiperiodagriculturalhouseholdmodel 2286
3. Asummaryof2000yearsofworldeconomicgrowthexperiences 2292
3.1. Earlyevidence 2292
3.2. Jump-startingeconomicgrowthwithanagriculturaltransformation 2298
3.3. Contemporarycross-sectionalcomparisons 2301
4. Anoverviewofeconometricevidencethatschoolingcontributestoeconomic
growth 2305
4.1. Micro-evidenceforschoolingandeconomicgrowth 2305
4.2. Macro-evidence 2308
5. Productionofhealth,nutritionalinputs,andwork 2315
5.1. Micro-evidence 2316
5.2. Effectsofnutritiononphysicalandmentaldevelopment 2320
5.3. Nutritionandlaborproductivity:Micro-evidence 2321
5.4. Nutritionalandlaborproductivity:Macro-evidence 2324
5.5. Obesity(over-nourished) 2327
5.6. Povertytraps 2328
xiii
xiv ContentsofVolume3
6. Schoolinginagriculture 2329
6.1. Childlaborandschooling 2329
6.2. Thechoiceofwheretowork:Rural–urbanpopulationshiftandbraindrain 2329
6.3. Technologyadoptionandinformationacquisition 2331
6.4. Agriculturalproduction 2333
7. Conclusionsandimplications 2333
References 2335
Chapter44
AgriculturalExtension
JOCKR.ANDERSONandGERSHONFEDER 2343
Abstract 2344
Keywords 2344
1. Introduction 2345
2. Conceptualframeworks 2348
2.1. Informationasaninputtoproductivitygrowth:Demandforinformation 2348
2.2. Welfareeconomicscontextualization 2349
2.3. Aconceptualframeworkforanalyzingextensionorganizations 2355
3. Alternativeextensionmodalitiestoovercomegenericweaknesses 2362
3.1. Trainingandvisit(T&V)extension 2362
3.2. Decentralization 2363
3.3. Fee-for-serviceandprivatizedextension 2365
3.4. Farmerfieldschools 2366
4. Theimpactofextension 2367
5. Conclusion 2371
References 2372
PART3: INVENTIONANDINNOVATION
Chapter45
TheRoleofInternationalAgriculturalResearchinContributingtoGlobalFood
SecurityandPovertyAlleviation:TheCaseoftheCGIAR
PRABHUPINGALIandTIMKELLEY 2381
Abstract 2382
Keywords 2382
1. EvolutionandfundingoftheCGIAR 2384
1.1. GrowthinfundingbasefortheCGIAR 2385
1.2. TrendsinCGIARinvestmentbyactivity/undertaking 2387
1.3. Investmentsbycentertype 2389
1.4. Thechangingnatureoftheinvestment:Fromunrestrictedtorestricted 2391
2. DiffusionandimpactofCGIARresearchandtechnologygeneration 2393
2.1. Cropgeneticimprovements 2393
2.2. Cropandresourcemanagementimpacts 2395
2.3. Lackofsustainedcriticalmassinvestment 2396
ContentsofVolume3 xv
2.4. InappropriatemethodsformeasuringNRMimpact 2396
2.5. Lackofimpactperse 2398
3. RatesofreturnstoIARCresearchinvestment 2399
3.1. Returnstocropimprovementresearchinvestment 2399
3.2. Non-commodityfocusedefforts 2401
4. Impactsonpovertyandfoodsecurity 2403
4.1. Foodsuppliesandfoodprices 2403
4.2. Differentialimpactoftechnologicalchange 2404
5. Challengesahead 2406
5.1. CGIARpublicgoods 2410
References 2414
Chapter46
ContributionsofNationalAgriculturalResearchSystemstoCropProductivity
ROBERTE.EVENSONandDOUGLASGOLLIN 2419
Abstract 2420
Keywords 2420
1. Introduction 2421
2. Background 2422
3. NARSinstitutions:Investmentpatternsandcharacteristics 2423
3.1. NARSexpenditures 2423
3.2. ThepoliticaleconomyofsupportforNARSprograms 2425
4. NARScontributionstocropimprovement:TheGreenRevolution 2428
4.1. ThedevelopmentofGreenRevolutionMVs:Anoverview 2430
4.2. GRMVproductionandadoption 2433
4.3. GRMVproduction:Asummary 2446
5. ImpactsoftheGreenRevolution 2446
5.1. GRMVproductionandadoption 2446
5.2. ProductivityeffectsofGRMVs 2447
5.3. ReturnstoinvestmentinIARCandNARSprograms 2449
6. NARSandthe“GeneRevolution” 2450
6.1. Gene–GreenRevolutioncongruity 2452
6.2. GMcropcoverageto2003 2453
6.3. IARCandNARS“failures”intheGeneRevolution 2454
7. EconomicimpactofNARSprograms 2455
7.1. Yield–croplandtradeoffs(landfornature) 2455
7.2. Pricesofagriculturalcommoditiesandmasspoverty 2455
8. PolicyissuesforNARSandIARCprograms 2457
References 2458
Chapter47
LivestockProductivityinDevelopingCountries:AnAssessment
ALEJANDRONIN,SIMEONEHUIandSAMUELBENIN 2461
xvi ContentsofVolume3
Abstract 2462
Keywords 2463
1. Introduction 2464
2. Factorsaffectinglivestockdevelopment 2465
2.1. Theprocessoflivestockdevelopment 2468
2.2. Verticalcoordinationinthelivestocksector 2469
3. Demandforlivestockproducts 2471
3.1. Consumptionstructure 2472
3.2. Trendsinconsumption 2475
3.3. Elasticities 2479
3.4. Transformationofthelivestocksectorandconsequencesforinternationaltrade 2481
4. Livestockproduction 2485
4.1. Productionstructure 2485
4.2. Outputgrowth 2487
4.3. Outputgrowthindifferentsectors 2492
5. Partialfactorproductivityandresourceuse 2492
5.1. PFPandinputuseindifferentdevelopingregionsandcountries 2494
5.2. PFPoflivestocksub-sectors 2497
6. Totalfactorproductivitymeasures 2500
7. LivestockR&Dsystems 2507
7.1. LivestockR&DinSub-SaharanAfrica 2507
7.2. LivestockR&DinEast,SouthandSoutheastAsia 2509
7.3. LivestockR&DinNorthAfricaandWestAsia 2511
7.4. LivestockR&DinLatinAmerica 2511
7.5. Internationalagriculturalresearchcenters 2512
7.6. R&Dandinvestmentinlivestockresearch 2513
7.7. Strategiesforimprovingimpactoflivestockresearch 2519
8. Summaryandconclusions 2523
AppendixA:EstimatingtheMalmquistindex 2526
References 2529
Chapter48
AgriculturalInnovation:InvestmentsandIncentives
BRIAN D. WRIGHT, PHILIP G. PARDEY, CAROL NOTTENBURG and
BONWOOKOO 2533
Abstract 2534
Keywords 2535
1. Introduction 2536
2. Researchinvestmentsandthestructureoffunding 2539
2.1. Internationaltrends 2539
2.2. Researchintensities 2541
2.3. Privateandpublicresearchroles 2543
2.4. Researchknowledgestocks 2543
