Table Of ContentAging Veterans with Disabilities
The number of older war veterans receiving disability benefits is steadily growing
and is predicted to rise in the next decade. This book provides comprehensive
knowledge about health and psychosocial concerns of veterans aging with
disabilities and unmet needs and compares policy in three countries that have
been involved in massive warfare in the 20th century – the United Kingdom (UK),
the United States (US), and Israel.
Using a cross-national comparative study of the policies, legislation, and
services provided by these three countries, which have significant numbers of
aging disabled military veterans, this book provides evidence-based knowledge
on the trajectories and attendant mental health and psychosocial problems this
sub-group faces when aging with a disability. It sheds light on the paradox in
which most veterans with disabilities in the UK, US, and Israel are older, while the
current legislation and budget target younger veterans with disabilities. The book
reflects the current debate regarding the desired policy toward older veterans with
disabilities in these countries and whether to provide them with proactive health
services prior to retirement to prevent “accelerated aging.” It also evaluates the
dilemma of whether to serve aging veterans separately as a unique population or
to provide them with the same services used by the general population.
This book will be of interest to all academics and students working in disability
studies, rehabilitation studies, gerontology, psychology, sociology, social work,
social policy, and law more broadly.
Arie Rimmerman is Richard Crossman Professor of Social Welfare and Social
Planning and founder Dean of Social Welfare and Health Sciences and head of
School of Social Work at the University of Haifa, Israel. His research focuses on
comparative disability policies, particularly in areas of employment, civic society,
family support, and aging with disability.
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E dited by Suzanne Guerin, Nóirín Hayes and Sinead McNally
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Aging Veterans with Disabilities
A Cross-National Study of Policies and Challenges
Arie Rimmerman
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Aging Veterans with
Disabilities
A Cross-National Study of Policies
and Challenges
Arie Rimmerman
First published 2021
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2021 Arie Rimmerman
The right of Arie Rimmerman to be identified as author of this work
has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
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registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation
without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Rimmerman, Arie, author.
Title: Aging veterans with disabilities : a cross-national study of policies
and challenges / Arie Rimmerman.
Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, [2021] |
Series: Routledge advances in health and social policy | Includes
bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020020585 (print) | LCCN 2020020586 (ebook) |
ISBN 9780367335908 (hardback) | ISBN 9780429323805 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Disabled veterans—Government policy—Case studies. |
Older people with disabilities—Government policy—Case studies. |
Disabled veterans—Great Britain. | Disabled veterans—United States. |
Disabled veterans—Israel.
Classification: LCC UB360 .R67 2021 (print) | LCC UB360 (ebook) |
DDC 362.4086/97—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020020585
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020020586
ISBN: 978-0-367-33590-8 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-429-32380-5 (ebk)
Typeset in Times New Roman
by Apex CoVantage, LLC
To my mother, Raya Rimerman
Contents
List of figures and tables viii
Preface ix
Acknowledgment xi
Introduction 1
1 Welfare and warfare and policies toward veterans with
disabilities in the United Kingdom, the United States,
and Israel 4
2 Aging with disability 33
3 Health and psychosocial concerns of aging veterans
with disabilities 55
4 Government policies towards aging veterans with disabilities 76
5 Proposed policy to address unmet needs of older veterans
with disabilities in Israel 100
6 Closing remarks: insights regarding cross-national policies
towards aging veterans with disabilities 117
Index 123
Figures and tables
Figures
1.1 20th-Century Veterans Spending in the United States from
1900 to 2020 14
3.1 Number of Recipients of Disablement Pensioners and War
Widow(er)s from 2008–9 to 2018–9 59
4.1 VHA Geriatrics and Extended Care Programs 87
5.1 Monitoring Flow Chart 113
Tables
3 .1 Recipients of War Pensions Scheme (WPS) by Age Band
and Percentage of Disablement, March 31, 2019 58
3 .2 All Recipients of Disability Benefits by Disablement Percentage 60
3 .3 The Five Most Prevalent SC Disabilities of All Compensation
Recipients (2014 to 2018) 61
3.4 Distribution of IDF Veterans with Disabilities by
Age (N = 51,454) 62
3.5 Distribution of Aging Veterans with Disabilities by Medical
Disablement Percentages 62
3.6 Veterans Reported Secondary Conditions by Age Group
(in %) (2011) 67
4.1 Benefit Programs Available to Ex-servicemen and Women
and Veterans with Disabilities 81
4.2 Benefits Provided to Israeli Mid-life and Aging Veterans
with Disabilities 94
5.1 The Status of the MoD’s Current Services 108
Preface
T he number of veterans with disabilities in Western countries is steadily declin-
ing and will probably continue to decrease, assuming there is no war or major
warfare. However, the number of older war veterans receiving disability benefits
is steadily growing and is predicted to rise in the next decade (F letcher et al.,
2016 ). This is evident in three countries that have been involved in massive war-
fare in the 20th century – the United Kingdom, the United States, and Israel.
More than half of those receiving benefits for their military disabilities are senior
citizens, and the number is expected to reach about two-thirds of the total number
of recipients in 2030.
T hese countries have different approaches to warfare and welfare spending
and have therefore been selected for comparison of their policies toward aging
veterans with disabilities. The book sheds light on the paradox of the 21st century
as most of the veterans with disabilities in these countries are older, while the
current budget targets younger veterans with disabilities (S hay & Yoshikawa,
2010) . Furthermore, most of the legislation is still aimed at handling the health
needs of young veterans with disabilities and integrating them into the labor
market.
M y interest in writing this book began in 2006, when I was asked by the Division
of Rehabilitation in the Ministry of Defense (MoD) to examine and assist them
in revising their rehabilitation model, which – at that time – leaned toward the
medical model, and to align it with international standards of the functional-social
model of rehabilitation ( Tal-Katz, Araten-Bergman, & Rimmerman, 2011 ). At the
same time, my doctoral student, Patricia T al-Katz (2010) , wrote her dissertation
on “Attachment, acceptance of disability, hope and social networking as predic-
tors of activities among Israel Defense Forces (IDF) veterans with disabilities.”
She studied a large sample of IDF veterans with disabilities in northern Israel,
revealing that older veterans with psychiatric and cognitive disabilities reported
lack of social support in comparison to those with physical disabilities, indicating
their vulnerability and unmet needs.
M y next research engagement with older veterans with disabilities was while
advising Yitschak Shnoor in his dissertation. In his doctoral thesis, completed in
2016, he provided a secondary analysis of his data collected in 2011 as a researcher
at the Myers-JDC Brookdale Institute on behalf of the MoD. The study shifted
