Table Of ContentComposites Science and Technology
Chandrasekar Muthukumar
Senthilkumar Krishnasamy
Senthil Muthu Kumar Thiagamani
Suchart Siengchin Editors
Aging Effects
on Natural
Fiber-Reinforced
Polymer
Composites
Durability and Life Prediction
Composites Science and Technology
SeriesEditor
MohammadJawaid,LaboratoryofBiocompositeTechnology,UniversitiPutra
Malaysia,INTROP,Serdang,Malaysia
Composites Science and Technology (CST) book series publishes cutting
edge research monographs (both edited and authored volumes) compre-
hensivelycoveringtopicsshownbelow:
(cid:129)
Composites from agricultural biomass/natural fibres include conventional
composites-Plywood/MDF/Fiberboard
(cid:129)
Fabrication of Composites/conventional composites from biomass and natural
fibers
(cid:129)
Wood,andWoodbasedmaterials
(cid:129)
ChemistryandbiologyofCompositesandBiocomposites
(cid:129)
ModellingofdamageofCompositesandBiocomposites
(cid:129)
FailureAnalysisofCompositesandBiocomposites
(cid:129)
StructuralHealthMonitoringofCompositesandBiocomposites
(cid:129)
DurabilityofCompositesandBiocomposites
(cid:129)
ThermalpropertiesofCompositesandBiocomposites
(cid:129)
FlammabilityofCompositesandBiocomposites
(cid:129)
TribologyofCompositesandBiocomposites
(cid:129)
BionanocompositesandNanocomposites
(cid:129)
ApplicationsofComposites,andBiocomposites
To submit a proposal for a research monograph or have further inquries, please
contactspringereditor,RameshPremnath([email protected]).
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttps://link.springer.com/bookseries/16333
·
Chandrasekar Muthukumar
·
Senthilkumar Krishnasamy
·
Senthil Muthu Kumar Thiagamani
Suchart Siengchin
Editors
Aging Effects on Natural
Fiber-Reinforced Polymer
Composites
Durability and Life Prediction
Editors
ChandrasekarMuthukumar SenthilkumarKrishnasamy
SchoolofAeronauticalSciences DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering
HindustanInstituteofTechnology FrancisXavierEngineeringCollege
andScience Tirunelveli,India
Chennai,India
SuchartSiengchin
SenthilMuthuKumarThiagamani MaterialsandProductionEngineering,The
DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering SirindhornInternationalThaiGerman
KalasalingamAcademyofResearch GraduateSchoolofEngineering(TGGS)
andEducation KingMongkut’sUniversityofTechnology
Krishnankoil,India NorthBangkok
Bangkok,Thailand
ISSN2662-1819 ISSN2662-1827 (electronic)
CompositesScienceandTechnology
ISBN978-981-16-8359-6 ISBN978-981-16-8360-2 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8360-2
©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNature
SingaporePteLtd.2022
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether
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Preface
Naturalfibershavegainedsignificantattentionintherecentyearsduetotheirattrac-
tivefeaturessuchasbio-degradability,lowdensity,abundantavailabilityandlower
costcomparedtothesyntheticfibers.However,biocompositesreinforcedwiththe
naturalfibersinpolymermatrixaresusceptibletodegradationduringtheirservice
lifeintheoutdoorconditionsduetothehumidityandtemperatureprevailinginthe
environmentandtheindoorconditions.
Factorssuchaswateruptakeandthicknessswellingduetothehydrophilicchar-
acteristicofthenaturalfiberandmatrixplasticizationeffectaffecttheperformance
ofbiocompositesandlimittheirscopeintheoutdoorapplications.Thisbookcovers
thedegradationeffectsandtheperformanceofbiocompositesundervariousaging
conditions.Themechanism behindimprovedenvironmental resistanceofbiocom-
positesreinforcedwiththesurfacemodifiedfibers,nanofillerandcompatibilizerhas
beendiscussed.
All the chapters in this book were written by the authors with expertise in the
fieldofpolymer-basedBiocompositessubjectedtoenvironmentalagingconditions.
Weappreciateandextendoursinceregratitudetothecontributingauthorsfortheir
timeandefforts.Thisbookissuitableforresearchers,academicians,professionals,
techniciansandseniorundergraduatestudentslookingtoundertakeresearchorgain
insightintotheagingstudiesonthepolymer-basedBiocomposites.
Chennai,India ChandrasekarMuthukumar
Tirunelveli,India SenthilkumarKrishnasamy
Krishnankoil,India SenthilMuthuKumarThiagamani
Bangkok,Thailand SuchartSiengchin
Acknowledgments We appreciate the cooperation and support from the acquisition editor of
Springer,Singapore,staffmembersofthepublisherandtypesetterassociatedwiththisproject.
vii
Contents
IntroductiontoAginginBioComposites ............................. 1
G.Anand,N.Santhosh,andS.Vishvanathperumal
Influence of Moisture Absorption on Mechanical properties
ofBiocompositesreinforcedSurfaceModifiedNaturalFibers .......... 17
M.Ramesh,L.Rajeshkumar,D.Balaji,andV.Bhuvaneswari
EffectofWaterAbsorptionontheTensile,Flexural,Fracture
ToughnessandImpactPropertiesofBiocomposites ................... 35
JyotishkumarParameswaranpillai, JennyJacob,
MidhunDominicC.D., ChandrasekarMuthukumar,
SenthilMuthuKumarThiagamani, AswathyJayakumar,
SuchartSiengchin,andSabarishRadoor
EffectofCompatibilizerontheAgingandDegradationMechanism
oftheNaturalFiber-ReinforcedThermoplasticComposites ........... 51
C.Ganesan,M.Chandrasekar,M.S.Nisha,andS.Subha
Effects of Hygrothermal Aging on the Mechanical Properties
oftheBiocomposites ............................................... 63
AthulJoseph, VinyasMahesh, VishwasMahesh,
DineshkumarHarursampath,andM.A.R.Loja
DegradationEffectsofCompletelyBiodegradableComposites
toMoistureAbsorptionandWaterAging ............................ 85
EmelKuram
Hygrothermal Aging and Their Influence on Mechanical
PropertiesoftheBio-composites .................................... 115
HosseinEbrahimnezhad-Khaljiri
Effects of Natural Weathering on Aesthetics, Thermal
andMechanicalPropertiesoftheBio-composites ..................... 137
TarkanAkderya,CemalBilir,andBuketOkutanBaba
ix
x Contents
DegradationEffectsontheMechanicalandThermalProperties
oftheBio-CompositesDuetoAcceleratedWeathering ................ 159
JulianaBotelhoMoreira, SuelenGoettemsKuntzler,
CleberKlasenerdaSilva, JorgeAlbertoVieiraCosta,
andMicheleGrequedeMorais
Effects of Natural Weathering on Aesthetics, Thermal
and Mechanical Properties of Completely Biodegradable
Composites ....................................................... 173
ClementMatthewChan,StevenPratt,andBronwynLaycock
Effect of Aging and UV Exposure on Mechanical Properties
ofNaturalFiberComposites ........................................ 189
AjitanshuVedrtnam, DheerajGunwant, HarshaVerma,
andKishorKalauni
Fatigue Life Prediction of Bio-composites Subjected
toEnvironmentalAging ............................................ 219
G.Jeevi, R.Karthikeyan, NaliniRanganathan, M.AbdulKader,
andSanjayK.Nayak
EffectofMoistureAbsorptiononInterfacialShearProperties
oftheBio-Composites .............................................. 237
DheerajKumar,RanjanKumarMitra,TrilokChouhan,MdFarrukh,
andNadeemFaisal
Hygrothermal Aging, Kinetics of Moisture Absorption,
DegradationMechanismandTheirInfluenceonPerformance
oftheNaturalFibreReinforcedComposites .......................... 257
M.Ramesh,M.TamilSelvan,andK.Niranjana
Performance of Natural Fiber Based Nanocomposites Under
EnvironmentalAgingConditions ................................... 279
AtanuKumarDas, MdNazrulIslam, AfrozaAkterLiza,
andAhsanRajibPromie
InfluenceofMoistureAbsorptiononPhysico-ChemicalProperties
ofNaturalFiber-BasedHybridComposites .......................... 297
MdSarifSakaeytHosen, MdJaynalAbedin, MdEnamulHoque,
andMdZillurRahman
Aging Effects on Mechanical Properties of Biocomposites
withRecycledPolymers ............................................ 317
Md.SarifSakaeytHosen,MdEnamulHoque,Md.ZillurRahman,
andSureshSagadevan
InfluenceofSeawaterAgeingonthePhysicalandMechanical
PropertiesoftheNaturalFiber-ReinforcedComposites ............... 335
J.JeffersonAndrewandH.N.Dhakal
Editors and Contributors
AbouttheEditors
ChandrasekarMuthukumar,Ph.D.isanAssistantProfessorintheSchoolofAero-
nautical Sciences, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai, India.
He earned a bachelor’s degree in Aeronautical engineering from the Kumaraguru
CollegeofTechnology,Coimbatore,India.Hismaster’sdegreeisinaerospaceengi-
neering from the Nanyang Technological University – TUM Asia, Singapore and
his Ph.D. in aerospace engineering is from the Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM),
Malaysia.HisPh.D.wasfundedthrougharesearchgrantfromtheMinistryofEduca-
tion,Malaysia.DuringhisassociationwiththeUPM,heobtainedinternalresearch
fundingfromtheuniversityworth16,000and20,000MYR,respectively.Hehas5
yearsofteachingandacademicresearchexperience.Hisinterestsincludefibermetal
laminates (FMLs), natural fibers, biocomposites, additive manufacturing and non-
destructivetesting.Hispublicationsarebasedonthefabricationandcharacterization
techniquesofbiocomposites.Hehasauthoredandco-authoredresearchpublications
inSCIEjournals,bookchapters,andarticlesintheconferenceproceedings.Heisa
peerreviewerfortheJournalofIndustrialTextiles,PolymerComposites,Materials
ResearchExpress,JournalofNaturalFibres,etc.
SenthilkumarKrishnasamy,Ph.D.isanAssociateProfessorintheDepartmentof
MechanicalEngineeringatFrancisXavierEngineeringCollege,Tirunelveli,Tamil-
nadu,India.Heearnedabachelor’sdegreeinmechanicalengineeringatAnnaUniver-
sity, Chennai, India, in 2005. He earned a master’s degree in CAD/CAM at Anna
University,Tirunelveli,India,in2009.HeearnedaPh.D.inmechanicalengineering
atKalasalingamUniversity,Krishnankoil,Tamilnadu,Indiain2016.From2010to
2018, Dr. Krishnasamy worked in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at
KalasalingamAcademy ofResearchandEducation (KARE),India.Hecompleted
apostdoctoralfellowshipatUniversitiPutraMalaysia,Serdang,Selangor,Malaysia
andKingMongkut’sUniversityofTechnologyNorthBangkok(KMUTNB)under
the research topics of experimental investigations on mechanical, morphological,
xi
