African Plants: Biodiversity Taxonomy and Uses

594 Pages·2000·4.516 MB·English

by  Friesen, N. W.;Fritsch, R. M.;Gregory, M.;Kativu, S.;Timberlake, J

plants
AFRICAN
BIODIVERSITY, TAXONOMYAND USES
Symposium supported by:
INSTITUTE OF
ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES
University of Zimbabwe
plants
AFRICAN
BIODIVERSITY, TAXONOMY AND USES
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 AETFAT CONGRESS
HARARE, ZIMBABWE
Edited by Jonathan Timberlake & Shakkie Kativu
Published by Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 1999
© 1999 The Board of Trustees of The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
and authors of text and illustrations of individual papers
First published 1999
Production Editor: Suzy Dickerson
Cover design by Jeff Eden, page make-up by Media Resources,
Information Services Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
ISBN 978 1 90034 788 4
Printed in the UK by Marston Book Services Ltd
PREFACE
The XV AETFAT Congress was held in February 1997. Attended by some 180 persons
from 27 countries, it took place at the University of Zimbabwe, hosted by the Institute
of Environmental Studies. While the overall theme was centred on biodiversity and the
use of plants, the traditional areas covered in AETFAT congresses were also
represented, namely taxonomy, biogeography and community ecology.
Lectures or posters were organised around the following themes, and this forms the
structure of this volume:
Biology and evolution of forest plants
Pollination and reproductive biology
Phytogeography of African plants
Conservation and biodiversity of the African flora
Taxonomic concepts at the family level
Recent advances in generic and specific concepts
Biology and evolution of African petaloid monocots
Ethnobotany and uses of African plants
Plant resources and sustainable development
A series of workshops and small seminars were also conducted on the following
topics, and for some of these papers were presented and have been included, where
appropriate, in this volume.
Development of African Herbaria
Phytosociology of African plants
CITES – the implications for botanists
The biodiversity convention: update on progress
African tree species survival group
The mopane ecosystem
Establishing a network of ethnobotanists
The Congress included a tour of the National Botanic Gardens, a midweek trip to
the Great Dyke and a dinner under a marquee in the Botanic Gardens. Following the
traditions set by the congress in Pretoria, the dinner was prepared using only plants
and animals of African origin! Pre-congress and post-congress tours covered some
botanical and tourist highlights in Zimbabwe, including Victoria Falls, Hwange
National Park, the Eastern Highlands and Great Zimbabwe.
As the papers in this volume attest, much progress is being made on the
documentation of the taxonomy and uses of the plant biodiversity of Africa. Many
challenges remain, and we look forward to AETFAT playing an increasingly important
role in stimulating such work.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Firstly we wish to thank a whole range of organisations and individuals for providing
funds towards the participation of African botanists in the XVth AETFAT Congress.
The organisations were UNESCO, WWF, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, SABONET
through the National Botanic Institute (South Africa), the Norwegian National
Committee for Development Research and Education (NUFU), Missouri Botanic
Gardens, the World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC) and The Prince
Bernhard Centre for International Nature Conservation. The following individuals
sponsored the registration fee of an African botanist: Wim Dijkman, Ib Friis, Dick
Brummitt, Roger Polhill, Henk Beentje, A. Charpin, Laurent Gautier and B. Jonsell,
for which we are very grateful.
Thanks are also due to members of the Zimbabwe Organizing Committee – Bruce
Campbell, Bob Drummond, Grace Funda, Shakkie Kativu, Jocelyn Lake, Isaac
Mapaure, Anxious Masuka, Tom Müller, Patrick Mushove, Felicity Nengomasha,
Cathy Rogers, Jonathan Timberlake, Saskia Van Oosterhout and Clemence Zimudzi -
who put many hours into the organization of symposia, fieldtrips and administration.
Jonathan Timberlake and Shakkie Kativu put a considerable amount of effort to get
this volume together, while Andrew Agnew, Ib Friis, Peter Linder, Inger Nordal,
Charles Peters and Mats Thulin helped in the editing of various symposia. The
Information Services Department and Gerald Pope of the Royal Botanic Gardens,
Kew brought the volume to press.
Bruce Campbell
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CONTENTS
Preface v
Acknowledgements vi
BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF FOREST PLANTS
Overview
I. Friis 1
A review of African forest grasses
S.M. Phillips 3
A review of African forest Acanthaceae
K. Balkwill & D.A. McCallum 11
Reproductive characters, habitat and phylogeny in African Commelinaceae
R.B. Faden & T.M. Evans 23
A review of African saprophytic flowering plants
M. Cheek & S. Williams 39
A review of African forest Zingiberaceae
A.D. Poulsen & J.M. Lock 51
The effects of disturbance by large mammals in an Afromontane forest
recovering from logging
J.M. Grimshaw 65
Mount Cameroon project: a floristic analysis of the Rubiaceae recorded
from SW Cameroon
F.N. Hepper, S. Cable, S. Dawson, P. Tchouto 75
POLLINATION AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY
Overview 95
S. Kativu
Reproductive biology of TetradeniaBenth. (Labiatae)
C.F. Johnson & P.B Phillipson 97
Ideas on the pollination of Pelargoniumsect. Hoarea(Geraniaceae)
E.M. Marais 105
Floral polymorphism in a forest species, Pseuderanthum subviscosum
(C.B. Clarke) Stapf (Acanthaceae)
M.J. Balkwill & K. Balkwill 113
Poster abstracts 127
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African Plants: Biodiversity, Taxonomy and Uses
PHYTOGEOGRAPHY OF AFRICAN PLANTS
Overview
H.P. Linder 129
Mapping the African flora – trends in development of methods and applications
I. Friis 131
Diversity and phytogeography of inselberg vegetation in the Zambesian region
R. Seine, S. Porembski & W. Barthlott 153
Vegetation, climate and soil: altitudinal relationships on the East Usambara
mountains, Tanzania
A. Hamilton 165
The geographical distribution of Amaryllidaceae in the Flora of southern
Africa area
P. Vorster 171
Poster abstracts 179
CONSERVATION AND BIODIVERSITY OF THE AFRICAN FLORA
Overview
A.D.Q. Agnew 181
IVOIRE: a geographic information system for biodiversity management in
Ivory Coast
L. Gautier, L. Aké Assi, C. Chatelain & R. Spichiger 183
Towards mapping the fynbos for the revised vegetation map of South Africa
D. McDonald & C. Boucher 195
On the distribution of plant species in Kenya
A.D.Q. Agnew & J.G. Mutangah 207
The distribution, classification and conservation of rainforests in Zimbabwe
T. Müller 221
Conservation of angiosperm species richness on the Witwatersrand, South
Africa
D.A. McCallum & K. Balkwill 237
Vegetation mapping and biodiversity conservation in Madagascar using
geographical information systems
D. Du Puy & J. Moat 245
Plant succession on the 1922 lava flow of Mt. Cameroon
P. Fraser, H. Banks, S. Brodie, M. Cheek, S. Dawson, J. Healey, J. Marsden,
N. Ndam, J. Nning & A. McRobb 253
Mount Cameroon cloud forest
T. Peguy, I. Edwards, M. Cheek, N. Ndam & J. Acworth 263
Contribution a la connaissance de la biodiversite de la flore Camerounaise
B. Satabié 279
Poster and non-submitted paper/presentation abstracts 283
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Contents
TAXONOMIC CONCEPTS AT THE FAMILY LEVEL
Overview
M. Thulin 289
New systematics within superorder Lilianae: consequences for the tropical
African flora projects
I. Nordal & S. Kativu 291
The Asclepiadaceae – a figment of our imagination?
D.J. Goyder 309
The taxonomic significance of pollen morphology in the southern African
Boraginaceae
E. Retief & A.E. Van Wyk 319
Notes on the Lamiaceae-Verbenaceae boundary
O. Ryding 329
Poster and oral paper abstracts 339
RECENT ADVANCES IN GENERIC AND SPECIFIC CONCEPTS
Overview
S. Kativu 341
Generic and infrageneric classification of Ocimum(Labiatae)
A. Paton 343
Pollen morphology in AdenocarpusDC. (Genistaea: Papilionoideae,
Leguminosae) from Angola
E. Costa & E.S. Martins 355
Sectional classification of Hibiscus L. in East Africa
G. Mwachala 363
Monographing Brillantaisia P.Beauv. (Acanthaceae): how to delimit species
and higher taxa
K. Sidwell 367
Poster abstracts 383
BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF AFRICAN PETALOID MONOCOTS
Overview
I. Nordal 387
Growth periodicity, flowering and phylogeny of the African Amaryllideae
(Amaryllidaceae)
D.A. Snijman 389
Down to earth: oligophyllous platyphyllous monocotyledons
J.M. Lock 405
Morpho-anatomical leaf features of Aloe suzannae Decary (Asphodelaceae)
G.F. Smith, E.M.A. Steyn & J. Coetzee 409
Notes on systematics, ecology and conservation of Ansellia(Orchidaceae)
B.N. Khayota 423
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