Afghanistan and the Soviet Union: Collision and Transformation

232 Pages·2019·24.334 MB·English

by  Milan Hauner (editor), Robert L. Canfield (editor)

Afghanistan
and the Soviet Union

Afghanistan
and the Soviet Union
Collision and Transformation
EDITED BY
Milan Hauner
and Robert L. Canfield
First published 1989 by Westview Press, Inc.
Published 2018 by Routledge
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Afghanistan and the Soviet Union : collision and transformation /
edited by Milan Hauner and Robert L. Canfield.
p. em.
Includes bibliographies and index.
ISBN 0-8133-7575-4
1. Afghanistan-Relations-Soviet Union. 2. Soviet Union-
Relations-Afghanistan. 3. Afghanistan-History-Soviet
Occupation, 1979- . 4. Soviet Central Asia-Strategic aspects.
5. Afghanistan-Strategic aspects. I. Hauner, Milan.
II. Canfield, Robert L.
DS357.6.S65A34 1989
303.4'82581'047-dc19 88-28691
CIP
ISBN 13: 978-0-367-01216-8 (hbk)
Contents
List of Tables and Illustrations vii
Acknowledgments ix
List of Contributors xi
Introduction, Milan Hauner 1
PART ONE
THE HUMAN FACTOR
1 The Collision of Evolutionary Process and Islamic
Ideology in Greater Central Asia, Robert L. Canfield 13
2 The Mujahedin and the Preservation of Afghan Culture,
Olivier Roy 40
3 The Sovietization of Afghanistan, Olivier Roy 48
PART TWO
THE GEOPOLITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
4 Central Asia and the Soviet "Midlands": Regional
Position and Economic Integration, Leslie Dienes 61
5 Afghanistan Resources and Soviet Policy in Central
and South Asia, John F. Shrader, Jr. 101
6 Afghanistan and the Transport Infrastructures of
Turkestan, Victor L. Mote 120
7 The Soviet Geostrategic Dilemma, Milan Hauner 160
Conclusion, Robert L. Canfield 195
Maps 201
Index 211
v

Tables and Illustrations
Tables
4.1 Distribution of supplies, shipment, and consumption
of fruits and vegetables, 1970 and 1979 73
4.2 Ratio of nominal employment over actual average yearly
employment in the state and collective farm sectors 85
4.3 Participation of kholkhozniki in socialist production
of Kirgiz collective farms 86
4.4 Growth of wages, labor productivity, and capitalization
in Uzbek agriculture, 1965-1983 89
6.1 Relative shares of population, territory, industry,
and resources 132
6.2 Soviet Turkestan, 1913-1984: Length of railroads,
waterways, highways, and pipelines 134
7.1 Deployment of Soviet armed forces, 1986 169
Maps
1 Railroads of Greater Central Asia 203
2 The development of railroads in the Russian/Soviet
Midlands 204
3 Oil fields and pipelines of the Soviet Midlands 205
4 Gas fields and pipelines of the Soviet Midlands
and Afghanistan 206
5 Transport infrastructure in Afghanistan 207
6 Mineral resources in Afghanistan 208
7 The development of infrastructure on the Afghanistan-
Soviet border 209
8 Major transport arteries of Eurasia 210
Photos
Bridge crossing the Oxus River (at Hairatan) from
Afghanistan into the Soviet Union 19
Celebration of the opening of the Oxus River Bridge 19
Natural gas pumping station near Shibarghan in
northern Afghanistan 143
North portal of the Salang Tunnel, Hindu Kush Mountains 173
vii

Acknowledgments
The editors are indebted to the Foreign Policy Research Institute for
supporting the initial discussions from which this volume was developed.
In addition, the editors would like to thank the following individuals
for special services and for assistance: Michael L. Bennett for producing
the maps; John F. Shroder, Jr., for permitting the use of his photographs
and providing much helpful counsel on the maps; and Diane 0. Bennett
for her skillful assistance on difficult editorial problems. Robert Canfield
is indebted to Kathleen Laird for comments on his chapter, to Sara Pirtle
for assistance in reviewing the economic sources, and to Kathleen Laird,
Mary Kennedy, and Jennifer Day for production assistance at an early
stage. The editors are especially grateful to Aimee Fishkind Campbell,
who took responsibility for the seemingly endless details of preparing
the final version of the manuscript for press.
Milan Hauner
Robert L. Canfield
ix