Table Of ContentADVANCING
DESALINATION
Edited by Robert Y. Ning
ADVANCING
DESALINATION
Edited by Robert Y. Ning
Advancing Desalination
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/3368
Edited by Robert Y. Ning
Contributors
Keita Kashima, Masanao Imai, Marek Gryta, Peng Wu, Robert Y. Ning, Gamal Khedr, Petr Mikulasek, Jiří Cuhorka, Tzu-
Yang HSIEN, Yu-Ling Liu, Thomas Troyer, Abdelkrim Cheriti, Khaled Sekkoum, Talhi Mohamed Fouzi, Bourmita Younes,
Nasser Belboukhari, Boulenouar Nouredine, Mohamed F. Talhi, Taleb Safia, Thirugnanasambantham Arun Kumar
Published by InTech
Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
Copyright © 2012 InTech
All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to
download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher
are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work
has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they
are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the
work must explicitly identify the original source.
Notice
Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those
of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published
chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the
use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book.
Publishing Process Manager Martina Durovic
Technical Editor InTech DTP team
Cover InTech Design team
First published September, 2012
Printed in Croatia
A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
Additional hard copies can be obtained from [email protected]
Advancing Desalination, Edited by Robert Y. Ning
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-51-0704-0
Contents
Preface VII
Section 1 Membranes and Systems 1
Chapter 1 Advanced Membrane Material from Marine Biological Polymer
and Sensitive Molecular-Size Recognition for Promising
Separation Technology 3
Keita Kashima and Masanao Imai
Chapter 2 Desalination of Industrial Effluents Using
Integrated Membrane Processes 37
Marek Gryta
Chapter 3 Novel Biopolymer Composite Membrane Involved with
Selective Mass Transfer and Excellent Water Permeability 57
Peng Wu and Masanao Imai
Section 2 RO Process Chemistry and Control 83
Chapter 4 Chemistry in the Operation and Maintenance of
Reverse Osmosis Systems 85
Robert Y. Ning
Chapter 5 Standardized Data and Trending for RO Plant Operators 97
Thomas L. Troyer, Roger S. Tominello and Robert Y. Ning
Section 3 Selective Waste Removal 111
Chapter 6 Processing of Desalination Reject Brine for Optimization of
Process Efficiency, Cost Effectiveness
and Environmental Safety 113
M. Gamal Khedr
VI Contents
Chapter 7 Nanofiltration Process Efficiency in Liquid
Dyes Desalination 137
Petr Mikulášek and Jiří Cuhorka
Chapter 8 Desorption of Cadmium from Porous Chitosan Beads 163
Tzu-Yang Hsien and Yu-Ling Liu
Section 4 Solar Desalination 181
Chapter 9 Experimental Study on a Compound Parabolic Concentrator
Tubular Solar Still Tied with Pyramid Solar Still 183
T. Arunkumar, K. Vinothkumar, Amimul Ahsan, R. Jayaprakash and
Sanjay Kumar
Section 5 Water Quality 195
Chapter 10 Water in Algerian Sahara: Environmental
and Health impact 197
Khaled Sekkoum, Mohamed Fouzi Talhi, Abdelkrim Cheriti, Younes
Bourmita, Nasser Belboukhari, Nouredine Boulenouar and Safia
Taleb
Preface
This book is a companion volume to two published in 2011 by INTECH titled “Desalination,
Trends and Technologies” and “Expanding Issues in Desalination”. The term “desalination”
used in this series is in the broadest sense of the removal of dissolved, suspended, visible
and invisible impurities in seawater, brackish water and wastewater. The purpose of
desalination is to make water drinkable, or pure enough for industrial applications like in
the processes for the production of steam, power, pharmaceuticals and microelectronics, or
simply for attaining acceptable qualities for discharge back into the environment.
This volume touches on Membranes and Systems, Solar Desalination, Reverse Osmosis
Process Chemistry and Control, Drinking Water Quality, and Selective Waste Product
Removal.
The value of these volumes on the vast topic of desalination is to present the landscape to
students, teachers and practitioners, with key concepts and keywords useful in gathering
publications through internet search engines. The technologies of desalination of water are
advancing as rapidly as the cry of human kind for more availability of quality water supply
while minimizing environmental pollution. Contributions to the knowledge-base of
desalination are expected to continue to grow exponentially in the coming years.
Robert Y. Ning, Ph.D.
Vice President, Science and Business Development
King Lee Technologies
U.S.A.
Section 1
Membranes and Systems
