Advances in Water Resources Management

578 Pages·2016·10.765 MB·English

by  Lawrence K. Wang, Chih Ted Yang, Mu-Hao S. Wang (eds.)

Handbook of Environmental Engineering 16
Lawrence K. Wang
Chih Ted Yang
Editors
Mu-Hao S. Wang
Advances
in Water
Resources
Management
Handbook of Environmental Engineering
Volume 16
SeriesEditors
LawrenceK.Wang
PhD,RutgersUniversity,NewBrunswick,NewJersey,USA
MS,UniversityofRhodeIsland,Kingston,RhodeIsland,USA
MSCE,MissouriUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Rolla,Missouri,USA
BSCE,NationalChengKungUniversity,Tainan,Taiwan
Mu-HaoS.Wang
PhD,RutgersUniversity,NewBrunswick,NewJersey,USA
MS,UniversityofRhodeIsland,Kingston,RhodeIsland,USA
BSCE,NationalChengKungUniversity,Tainan,Taiwan
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7645

Lawrence K. Wang • Chih Ted Yang
Mu-Hao S. Wang
Editors
Advances in Water
Resources Management
Editors
LawrenceK.Wang ChihTedYang
EngineeringConsultantandProfessor ColoradoStateUniversity
LenoxInstituteofWaterTechnology FortCollins,CO,USA
Newtonville,NY,USA
Mu-HaoS.Wang
EngineeringConsultantandProfessor
LenoxInstituteofWaterTechnology
Newtonville,NY,USA
HandbookofEnvironmentalEngineering
ISBN978-3-319-22923-2 ISBN978-3-319-22924-9 (eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-22924-9
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015955826
SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon
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Preface
The past 36+ years have seen the emergence of a growing desire worldwide that
positiveactionsbetakentorestoreandprotecttheenvironmentfromthedegrading
effects of all forms of pollution—air, water, soil, thermal, radioactive, and noise.
Sincepollutionisadirectorindirectconsequenceofwaste,theseeminglyidealistic
demand for “zero discharge” can be construed as an unrealistic demand for zero
waste.However,aslongaswastecontinuestoexist,wecanonlyattempttoabate
the subsequent pollution by converting it to a less noxious form. Three major
questions usually arise when a particular type of pollution has been identified:
(1)Howseriousaretheenvironmentalpollutionandwaterresourcescrisis?(2)Is
the technology to abate them available? and (3) Do the costs of abatement justify
thedegreeofabatementachievedforenvironmentalprotectionandwaterresources
conservation?ThisbookisoneofthevolumesoftheHandbookofEnvironmental
Engineeringseries.Theprincipalintentionofthisseriesistohelpreadersformulate
answerstotheabovethreequestions.
The traditional approach of applying tried-and-true solutions to specific envi-
ronmentalandwaterresourcesproblemshasbeenamajorcontributingfactortothe
success ofenvironmentalengineering,andhasaccountedinlargemeasureforthe
establishmentofa“methodologyofpollutioncontrol.”However,therealizationof
the ever-increasing complexity and interrelated nature of current environmental
problems renders it imperative that intelligent planning of pollution abatement
systems be undertaken. Prerequisite to such planning is an understanding of the
performance, potential, and limitations of the various methods of environmental
protection available for environmental scientists and engineers. In this series of
handbooks, we will review at a tutorial level a broad spectrum of engineering
systems (natural environment, processes, operations, and methods) currently
being utilized, or of potential utility, for pollution abatement and environmental
protection.Webelievethattheunifiedinterdisciplinaryapproachpresentedinthese
handbooksisalogicalstepintheevolutionofenvironmentalengineering.
Treatment of the various engineering systems presented will show how an
engineering formulation of the subject flows naturally from the fundamental
v
vi Preface
principlesandtheoriesofchemistry,microbiology,physics,andmathematics.This
emphasisonfundamentalsciencerecognizesthatengineeringpracticehasinrecent
years become more firmly based on scientific principles rather than on its earlier
dependency on empirical accumulation of facts. It is not intended, though, to
neglect empiricism where such data lead quickly to the most economic design;
certain engineering systems are not readily amenable to fundamental scientific
analysis, and in these instances we have resorted to less science in favor of more
artandempiricism.
Since an environmental water resources engineer must understand science
withinthecontextofapplications,wefirstpresentthedevelopmentofthescientific
basisofaparticularsubject,followedbyexpositionofthepertinentdesignconcepts
and operations, and detailed explanations of their applications to environmental
conservationorprotection.Throughouttheseries,methodsofmathematicalmodel-
ing, system analysis, practical design,andcalculation are illustratedbynumerical
examples.Theseexamplesclearlydemonstratehoworganized,analyticalreasoning
leadstothemostdirectandclearsolutions.Whereverpossible,pertinentcostdata
havebeenprovided.
Our treatment of environmental water resources engineering is offered in the
beliefthatthetrainedengineershouldmorefirmlyunderstandfundamentalprinci-
ples, be more aware of the similarities and/or differences among many of the
engineeringsystems,andexhibitgreaterflexibilityandoriginalityinthedefinition
and innovative solution of environmental system problems. In short, the environ-
mental and water resources engineers should by conviction and practice be more
readilyadaptabletochangeandprogress.
Coverage of the unusually broad field of environmental water resources engi-
neering has demanded an expertise that could only be provided through multiple
authorships. Each author (or group of authors) was permitted to employ, within
reasonable limits, the customary personal style in organizing and presenting a
particular subject area; consequently, it has been difficult to treat all subject
materials in a homogeneous manner. Moreover, owing to limitations of space,
some ofthe authors’favored topics couldnotbe treated ingreatdetail,andmany
less important topics had to be merely mentioned or commented on briefly.
Allauthorshaveprovidedanexcellentlistofreferencesattheendofeachchapter
for the benefit of the interested readers. As each chapter is meant to be self-
contained, some mild repetitions among the various texts have been unavoidable.
Ineachcase,allomissionsorrepetitionsaretheresponsibilityoftheeditorsandnot
the individual authors. With the current trend toward metrication, the question of
using a consistent system of units has been a problem. Wherever possible, the
authors have used the British system (fps) along with the metric equivalent (mks,
cgs,orSIU)orviceversa.Theeditorssincerelyhopethatthisredundancyofunits’
usagewillprovetobeusefulratherthanbeingdisruptivetothereaders.
ThegoalsoftheHandbookofEnvironmentalEngineeringseriesare:(1)tocover
entire environmental fields, including air and noise pollution control, solid waste
processingandresourcerecovery,physicochemicaltreatmentprocesses,biological
treatment processes, biotechnology, biosolids management, flotation technology,
Preface vii
membrane technology, desalination technology, water resources, natural control
processes, radioactive waste disposal, hazardous waste management, and thermal
pollution control; and (2) to employ a multimedia approach to environmental
conservationandprotectionsinceair,water,soil,andenergyareallinterrelated.
This book (Volume 16) and its two sister books (Volumes 14–15) of the
Handbook of Environmental Engineering series have been designed to serve as a
water resources engineering reference books as well as asupplementaltextbooks.
Wehopeandexpecttheywillproveofequalhighvaluetoadvancedundergraduate
andgraduatestudents,todesignersofwaterresourcessystems,andtoscientistsand
researchers.Theeditorswelcomecommentsfromreadersinallofthesecategories.
Itisourhopethatthethreewaterresourcesengineeringbookswillnotonlyprovide
information on water resources engineering, but will also serve as a basis for
advanced study or specialized investigation of the theory and analysis of various
waterresourcessystems.
This book, Advances in Water Resources Management, Volume 16, covers the
topics on multi-reservoir system operation theory and practice, management of
aquifer systems connected to streams using semi-analytical models,
one-dimensional model of water quality and aquatic ecosystem-ecotoxicology in
river systems, environmental andhealth impacts of hydraulic fracturingand shale
gas, bioaugmentation for water resources protection, wastewater renovation by
flotationforwaterpollutioncontrol,determinationofreceiving water’sreaeration
coefficient in the presence of salinity for water quality management, sensitivity
analysisforstreamwaterqualitymanagement,rivericeprocess,andmathematical
modelingofwaterproperties.
Thisbook’sfirstsisterbook,AdvancesinWaterResourcesEngineering,Volume
14, covers the topics on watershed sediment dynamics and modeling, integrated
simulation of interactive surface water and groundwater systems, river channel
stabilization with submergedvanes,non-equilibrium sediment transport,reservoir
sedimentation, and fluvial processes, minimum energy dissipation rate theory and
applications, hydraulic modeling development and application, geophysical
methods for assessment of earthen dams, soil erosion on upland areas by rainfall
andoverlandflow,geofluvialmodelingmethodologiesandapplications,andenvi-
ronmentalwaterengineeringglossary.
Thisbook’ssecondsisterbook,ModernWaterResourcesEngineering,Volume
15, covers the topics on principles and applications of hydrology, open channel
hydraulics, river ecology, river restoration, sedimentation and sustainable use of
reservoirs, sediment transport, river morphology, hydraulic engineering, GIS,
remotesensing,decision-makingprocessunderuncertainty,uplanderosionmodel-
ing, machine-learning method, climate change and its impact on water resources,
land application, crop management, watershed protection, wetland for waste dis-
posal and water conservation, living machines, bioremediation, wastewater treat-
ment,aquaculturesystemmanagementandenvironmentalprotection,andglossary
andconversionfactorsforwaterresourcesengineers.
Theeditorsarepleasedtoacknowledgetheencouragementandsupportreceived
from Mr. Patrick Marton, Executive Editor of the Springer Science + Business
viii Preface
Media,andhiscolleagues,duringtheconceptualstagesofthisendeavor.Wewish
tothankthecontributingauthorsfortheirtimeandeffort,andforhavingpatiently
borneourreviewsandnumerousqueriesandcomments.Weareverygratefultoour
respectivefamiliesfortheir patience andunderstandingduringsomerathertrying
times.
Newtonville,NY,USA LawrenceK.Wang
FortCollins,CO,USA ChihTedYang
Newtonville,NY,USA Mu-HaoS.Wang
Contents
1 Multi-ReservoirSystemOperationTheoryandPractice. . . . . . . . 1
HaoWang,XiaohuiLei,XuningGuo,YunzhongJiang,
TongtiegangZhao,XuWang,andWeihongLiao
2 ManagementofAquiferSystemsConnectedtoStreams
UsingSemi-AnalyticalModels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
DomenicoBa(cid:2)uandAzzahSalahEl-DinHassan
3 One-DimensionalModelofWaterQualityandAquatic
Ecosystem/EcotoxicologyinRiverSystems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
PodjaneeInthasaroandWeimingWu
4 HydraulicFracturingandShaleGas:Environmental
andHealthImpacts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Hsue-PengLohandNancyLoh
5 BioaugmentationforWaterResourcesProtection. . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
ErickButlerandYung-TseHung
6 WastewaterRenovationbyFlotationforWater
PollutionControl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
NazihK.Shammas
7 DeterminationofReaerationCoefficientofSalineReceiving
WaterforWaterQualityManagement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
Ching-GungWen,Jao-FuanKao,ChiiCherngLiaw,
Mu-HaoS.Wang,andLawrenceK.Wang
8 SensitivityAnalysisforStreamWaterQualityManagement. . . . . 447
Ching-GungWen,Jao-FuanKao,Mu-HaoS.Wang,
andLawrenceK.Wang
9 RiverIceProcesses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
HungTaoShen
ix