Table Of ContentAdvances in Synthesis Gas:
Methods, Technologies and Applications
Advances in Synthesis Gas:
Methods, Technologies
and Applications
Volume 3: Syngas Products and Usages
Edited by
Mohammad Reza Rahimpour
Department of Chemical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Mohammad Amin Makarem
Methanol Institute, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Maryam Meshksar
Department of Chemical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Contributors
Mitra Abbaspour Department of ChemicalEngineering, Shiraz University,Shiraz, Iran
AmrAbdalla DepartmentofChemicalandPetroleumEngineering,UniversityofCalgary,Calgary,
AB, Canada
WaqarAhmad Department of Chemicaland Biological Engineering, Monash University,Clayton,
VIC, Australia
Chayene Gonc¸alvesAnchieta PaulScherrer Institut,Villigen, Switzerland
PrakashAryal Department ofChemicaland Biological Engineering, Monash University,Clayton,
VIC, Australia
NooshinAsadi Department ofChemical andBiological Engineering, MonashUniversity, Clayton,
VIC, Australia
Koroosh Asghari Department ofChemical andPetroleum Engineering, Universityof Calgary,
Calgary,AB, Canada
Elisabete Moreira Assaf Universityof Sa˜oPaulo, Sa˜o Carlos Institute ofChemistry, Sa˜oCarlos,
Sa˜o Paulo,Brazil
Jos(cid:1)eMansurAssaf FederalUniversityofSa˜oCarlos,ChemicalEngineeringDepartment,Sa˜oCarlos,
Sa˜o Paulo,Brazil
Manuel Bailera Department of Mechanical Engineering,Universidad de Zaragoza, CampusR´ıo
Ebro,Bldg. Betancourt,Zaragoza, Spain;Graduate SchoolofCreative Science andEngineering,
WasedaUniversity, Tokyo, Japan
Carlos Gilberto TemoltzinCaballero Monterrey Institute ofTechnologyand Higher Education,
Puebla, Mexico
Joa˜o SousaCardoso Polytechnic Instituteof Portalegre, Portalegre;Instituto Superior T(cid:1)ecnico,
University ofLisbon,Lisbon, Portugal
Jos(cid:1)e Antonio MayoralChavando Polytechnic Institute ofPortalegre, Portalegre, Portugal
SilviodeOliveiraJunior DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,PolytechnicSchoolofUniversity
of Sa˜o Paulo, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil
MeireEllenGoreteRibeiroDomingos DepartmentofChemicalEngineering,PolytechnicSchoolof
University ofSa˜o Paulo,Sa˜o Paulo,Brazil
Mois(cid:1)esTelesdosSantos DepartmentofChemicalEngineering,PolytechnicSchoolofUniversityof
Sa˜o Paulo,Sa˜oPaulo, Brazil
SwaritDwivedi DepartmentofChemicalandBiologicalEngineering,MonashUniversity,Clayton,
VIC, Australia
Daniela Eus(cid:1)ebio Polytechnic Instituteof Portalegre, Portalegre, Portugal
AzharuddinFarooqui DepartmentofChemicalandPetroleumEngineering,UniversityofCalgary,
Calgary,AB, Canada
xiii
Contributors
CarlaFerna´ndez-Blanco Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty ofSciences and Centre for
Advanced Scientific Research (CICA),Universityof La Corun˜a,La Corun˜a, Spain
DanielA.Flo´rez-Orrego DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,PolytechnicSchoolofUniversity
ofSa˜oPaulo,Sa˜oPaulo,Brazil;FacultyofMinas,NationalUniversityofColombia,SchoolofProcesses
(cid:1)
and Energy, Medellin, Colombia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique
F(cid:1)ed(cid:1)erale de Lausanne,Switzerland
Foroogh MohseniGhaleh Ghazi Department of ChemicalEngineering, Shiraz University,Shiraz,
Iran
AshwinHatwar DepartmentofChemicalandBiologicalEngineering,MonashUniversity,Clayton,
VIC, Australia
Fatemeh Khodaparast Kazeroonian Department ofChemicalEngineering, Shiraz University,
Shiraz, Iran
ChristianKennes ChemicalEngineeringLaboratory,FacultyofSciencesandCentre forAdvanced
Scientific Research (CICA),Universityof La Corun˜a,La Corun˜a, Spain
David M.Kennes-Veiga CRETUS,Department of ChemicalEngineering, Universityof
Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
HadisehKhosravani Department ofChemical Engineering,Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AnandaValleziPaladinoLino FederalUniversityofSa˜oCarlos,ChemicalEngineeringDepartment,
Sa˜oCarlos,Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil
PilarLisbona DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,UniversidaddeZaragoza,CampusR´ıoEbro,
Bldg. Betancourt, Zaragoza, Spain
Nader Mahinpey Department ofChemical andPetroleum Engineering, Universityof Calgary,
Calgary, AB,Canada
Mohammad Amin Makarem Methanol Institute,ShirazUniversity,Shiraz, Iran
Tayebeh Marzoughi Department ofChemicalEngineering, Shiraz University,Shiraz, Iran
Maryam Meshksar Department ofChemical Engineering; Methanol Institute,Shiraz University,
Shiraz, Iran
Rafael Nogueira Nakashima Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnic Schoolof
University ofSa˜o Paulo,Sa˜oPaulo, Brazil
VirginiaP(cid:1)erez CentrefortheDevelopmentofRenewableEnergy-CentreforEnergy,Environment
and TechnologyResearch (CEDER-CIEMAT),Soria,Spain
ElhamRahimpour Shiraz University ofMedical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
HamidReza Rahimpour Department ofChemical Engineering, ShirazUniversity,Shiraz, Iran
MohammadRezaRahimpour DepartmentofChemicalEngineering,ShirazUniversity,Shiraz,Iran
Tayebe Roostaie Department of ChemicalEngineering; Methanol Institute, Shiraz University,
Shiraz, Iran
SoniaSepahi Department ofChemicalEngineering, Shiraz University,Shiraz, Iran
MohammadJavadShahbazi DepartmentofChemicalEngineering,ShirazUniversity,Shiraz,Iran
Nazanin AbrishamiShirazi GraduateFacultyofEnvironment, UniversityofTehran, Tehran,Iran
Valter Silva Polytechnic Institute ofPortalegre, Portalegre; Centre for Environmental and Marine
Studies(CESAM), Department ofEnvironment and Planning, Universityof Aveiro,Aveiro, Portugal
xiv
Contributors
AnahitaSoleimani DepartmentofNano-ChemicalEngineering,FacultyofAdvancedTechnologies,
ShirazUniversity, Shiraz, Iran
AkshatTanksale DepartmentofChemicalandBiologicalEngineering,MonashUniversity,Clayton,
VIC, Australia
Lu´ıs A.C. Tarelho Centre for Environmental andMarine Studies (CESAM),Department of
Environment andPlanning, UniversityofAveiro,Aveiro, Portugal
Mar´ıaC. Veiga ChemicalEngineering Laboratory,FacultyofSciences and Centre for Advanced
Scientific Research (CICA), Universityof LaCorun˜a,La Corun˜a, Spain
Shabnam Yousefi Department ofChemicalEngineering, Shiraz University,Shiraz, Iran
xv
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Preface
Vol. 3: Syngas products and usages
Synthesisgas(syngas)anditsproductssuchashydrogenareindispensableinchemical,oil,and
energyindustries.Theyareimportantbuildingblocksandserveasfeedstockfortheproduction
ofmanychemicalcompoundssuchasammoniaandmethanol.Hydrogenisexpectedtobecome
acommonenergycarriernolaterthanthemiddleofthe21stcenturysinceitoffersconsiderable
energydensityandreleasesnegligiblepollutants.Itisalsoutilizedinpetroleumrefineriesfor
producingcleantransportationfuels,anditsconsumptionisexpectedtoincreasedramatically
inthenearfutureasrefineriesneedtointensifyproductioncapacities.Manypublicationshave
hitherto focused on syngas productionand purificationmethods, as well as its applications in
industrialproductionunits.Despitethefactthatextendedstudieshavebeenundertaken,thereis
stillroomforimprovement.Thefourvolumesofthisbookseriesexplaintheconventionaland
state-of-the-art technologies for the production, purification, and conversion of syngas
meticulously.
The development of different technologies for transforming syngas or the major ingredients
intovalue-addedproductssuchashydrogen,ammonia,ethanol,andmethanolhasattractedthe
attention of researchers in both academic and industrial communities. Thanks to their
undeniablesignificance,manystudieshavebeenhithertodevotedtothedevelopmentofthese
processesandthereisawealthofinformationontheconventionaltechnologies,whichshould
be collected in a comprehensive contribution. However, the progress that is being made at a
breakneck pace should not be overlooked. For this goal to be achieved, this engaging text
touchesonthedetailsofdifferentproductsofsyngas,aswellastheiroperatingconditionsand
challenges,andwouldthusserveasaconnectionbetweenthescientistsinresearchlaboratories
and the operators in industrial plants.
To do so, the book is divided into three sections of chemical and energy productions from
syngaswithrelatedchallenges.Thefirstsectionincludesapplicationsandutilizationofsyngas
for producing a vast variety of chemical materials such as hydrogen, methanol, ethanol,
methane, ammonia, acetic acid, fuel gas, and biofuel, while the second addresses power
generation in fuel cells either solely or power and heat generation in tandem, as well as iron
reduction in detail. In the third section, the environmental challenges of syngas and its future
prospects and industrial outlook are presented.
xix
Preface
The editors feel obliged to sincerely appreciate the authors of the chapters for their
contributions,hardwork,andgreatassistanceinthisproject.Furthermore,theauthors,aswell
as the editors, are grateful to all the Elsevier staff for their invaluable and irreplaceable
step-by-step assistance in preparing this book.
Mohammad Reza Rahimpour
Mohammad Amin Makarem
Maryam Meshksar
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