Table Of ContentAdvances in Synthesis Gas:
Methods, Technologies and Applications
Advances in Synthesis Gas:
Methods, Technologies
and Applications
Volume 1: Syngas Production and Preparation
Edited by
Mohammad Reza Rahimpour
Department of Chemical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Mohammad Amin Makarem
Methanol Institute, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Maryam Meshksar
Department of Chemical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Contributors
AmrAbdalla DepartmentofChemicalandPetroleumEngineering,UniversityofCalgary,Calgary,
AB, Canada
WaqarAhmad Department of Chemicaland Biological Engineering, Monash University,Clayton,
VIC, Australia
PrakashAryal Department ofChemicaland Biological Engineering, Monash University,Clayton,
VIC, Australia
NooshinAsadi Department ofChemical andBiological Engineering, MonashUniversity, Clayton,
VIC, Australia
ManuelBailera Graduate School ofCreativeScience and Engineering, Waseda University,Tokyo,
Japan;Department of Mechanical Engineering,Universidad de Zaragoza, CampusR´ıo Ebro, Bldg.
Betancourt, Zaragoza, Spain
IdrisBakare Interdisciplinary Research Centerfor Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd
University ofPetroleum&Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
Ali Bakhtyari ChemicalEngineeringDepartment, Shiraz University,Shiraz, Iran
Mohammad Bonyadi Department ofChemicalEngineering, Faculty ofEngineering, Yasouj
University, Yasouj, Iran
FelipeGomes Camacho Department ofChemicaland PetroleumEngineering, Schulich School of
Engineering, Universityof Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
Guoxing Chen Fraunhofer Research Institutionfor Materials Recycling andResource Strategies
IWKS,Alzenau, Germany
Camilla Fernandes de Oliveira Department ofChemical andPetroleum Engineering, Schulich
School ofEngineering, UniversityofCalgary, Calgary, AB,Canada
Silviode Oliveira Junior Polytechnic School,Universityof SaoPaulo,Department ofMechanical
Engineering, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Maryam Delshah Department of ChemicalEngineering,Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
MeireEllenGoreteRibeiroDomingos PolytechnicSchool,UniversityofSaoPaulo,Departmentof
Chemical Engineering, Sao Paulo,Brazil
Mois(cid:1)esTeles dos Santos Polytechnic School,Universityof SaoPaulo, Department ofChemical
Engineering, Sao Paulo, Brazil
SwaritDwivedi DepartmentofChemicalandBiologicalEngineering,MonashUniversity,Clayton,
VIC, Australia
RaziehEtezadi MorkFamilyDepartmentofChemicalEngineeringandMaterialsScience,University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
xv
Contributors
AzharuddinFarooqui DepartmentofChemicalandPetroleumEngineering,UniversityofCalgary;
Vorsana Environmental Inc, Calgary,AB, Canada
Daniel Flo´rez-Orrego Polytechnic School, Universityof SaoPaulo, Department ofMechanical
Engineering,SaoPaulo,Brazil;FacultyofMinas,NationalUniversityofColombia,SchoolofProcesses
and Energy, Medellin, Colombia
Andrea Galeazzi Politecnico diMilano, Department ofChemistry, Materials and Chemical
Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milan, Italy
XingyuanGao DepartmentofChemistryandMaterialScience,GuangdongUniversityofEducation,
Engineering Technology DevelopmentCenterofAdvancedMaterials&Energy SavingandEmission
Reduction in Guangdong Colleges and Universities, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China;
DepartmentofChemicalandBiomolecularEngineering,NationalUniversityofSingapore,Singapore,
Singapore
Jonathan Harding Department of Electrical Engineeringand Electronics, Universityof Liverpool,
Liverpool, UnitedKingdom
BaishaliKanjilal Bioengineering, UniversityofCalifornia, Riverside, CA,United States
MilanpreetKaur DepartmentofChemistry,FacultyofScience,UniversityofCalgary,Calgary,AB,
Canada
Sibudjing Kawi Department ofChemical andBiomolecular Engineering,National Universityof
Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
Mohammad HasanKhademi Department ofChemical Engineering, College of Engineering,
University ofIsfahan, Isfahan, Iran
Parvin Kiani Department of ChemicalEngineering,Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
SoheilaZandiLak DepartmentofChemicalEngineering,FacultyofEngineering,YasoujUniversity,
Yasouj, Iran
PilarLisbona DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,UniversidaddeZaragoza,CampusR´ıoEbro,
Bldg. Betancourt, Zaragoza, Spain
Mohammad Lotfi-Varnoosfaderani Department of Chemicaland Petroleum Engineering,Sharif
University ofTechnology, Tehran, Iran
Nader Mahinpey Department ofChemical andPetroleum Engineering, Schulich School of
Engineering, Universityof Calgary, Calgary,AB, Canada
Mohammad Amin Makarem Methanol Institute,ShirazUniversity,Shiraz, Iran
ZuhairOmarMalaibari ChemicalEngineering Department; Interdisciplinary Research Center for
Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King Fahd Universityof Petroleum &Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi
Arabia
Flavio Manenti Politecnico diMilano, Department ofChemistry, Materials andChemical
Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milan, Italy
Arameh Masoumi Bioengineering, Universityof California, Riverside, CA, United States
Maryam Meshksar Department ofChemical Engineering; Methanol Institute,Shiraz University,
Shiraz, Iran
Masoumeh Mohandesi Department of ChemicalEngineering,Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
GalalNasser InterdisciplinaryResearch Centerfor Hydrogenand Energy Storage, KingFahd
University ofPetroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
xvi
Contributors
Francesco Negri Politecnicodi Milano,Department ofChemistry,Materialsand Chemical
Engineering “Giulio Natta”, PiazzaLeonardo daVinci, Milan, Italy
Rafael NogueiraNakashima Polytechnic School,University ofSao Paulo,Department of
Mechanical Engineering, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Iman Noshadi Bioengineering,University ofCalifornia, Riverside, CA,UnitedStates
Alireza Palizvan Department ofChemical Engineering,College of Engineering, University of
Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
SongWonPark PolytechnicSchool,UniversityofSaoPaulo,DepartmentofChemicalEngineering,
Sao Paulo,Brazil
VirginiaP(cid:1)erez CentrefortheDevelopmentofRenewableEnergy-CentreforEnergy,Environment
and TechnologyResearch (CEDER-CIEMAT), Soria, Spain
KristianoPrifti Politecnico diMilano,Department ofChemistry,Materials andChemical
Engineering “Giulio Natta”, PiazzaLeonardo daVinci, Milan, Italy
ShuxianQiu Department ofChemistry andMaterial Science, Guangdong Universityof Education,
Engineering Technology DevelopmentCenterofAdvancedMaterials&EnergySavingandEmission
Reduction in Guangdong Colleges andUniversities, Guangzhou, People’s Republic ofChina
HamidReza Rahimpour Department ofChemicalEngineering, Shiraz University,Shiraz, Iran
MohammadRezaRahimpour DepartmentofChemicalEngineering,ShirazUniversity,Shiraz,Iran
Fatemeh Salahi Department of ChemicalEngineering, Shiraz University,Shiraz, Iran
Mohammed Sanhoob Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King
Fahd Universityof Petroleum&Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
AkshatTanksale DepartmentofChemicalandBiologicalEngineering,MonashUniversity,Clayton,
VIC, Australia
Theodore Tsotsis Mork FamilyDepartment ofChemicalEngineering and Materials Science,
University ofSouthernCalifornia, Los Angeles,CA, United States
Xin Tu Department of Electrical Engineeringand Electronics, UniversityofLiverpool, Liverpool,
UnitedKingdom
LuisD.Virla DepartmentofChemicalandPetroleumEngineering,SchulichSchoolofEngineering,
University ofCalgary,Calgary,AB, Canada
NiWang DepartmentofElectricalEngineeringandElectronics,UniversityofLiverpool,Liverpool,
UnitedKingdom
Yaolin Wang Department ofElectrical Engineering andElectronics, Universityof Liverpool,
Liverpool, United Kingdom
Shabnam Yousefi Department ofChemicalEngineering, Shiraz University,Shiraz, Iran
SamiraZafarnak Department of ChemicalEngineering; Methanol Institute, Shiraz University,
Shiraz, Iran
ZahraZarei ChemicalEngineeringDepartment,UniversityofSistanandBaluchestan,Zahedan,Iran
Fatemeh Zarei-Jelyani Department of ChemicalEngineering, Shiraz University,Shiraz, Iran
LinghaoZhao MorkFamilyDepartmentofChemicalEngineeringandMaterialsScience,University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
SaraZolghadri DepartmentofChemicalEngineering,MarvdashtBranch,IslamicAzadUniversity,
Marvdasht, Iran
xvii
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Preface
Vol. 1: Syngas production and preparation
Synthesisgas(syngas)anditsproductssuchashydrogenareindispensableinchemical,oil,
and energy industries. They are important building blocks and serve as feedstock for the
production of many chemical compounds such as ammonia and methanol. Hydrogen is
expected to become a common energy carrier no later than the middle of the 21st century
sinceitoffersconsiderableenergydensityandreleasesnegligiblepollutants.Itisalsoutilized
in petroleum refineries for producing clean transportation fuels, and its consumption is
expectedtoincreasedramaticallyinthenearfutureasrefineriesneedtointensifyproduction
capacities. Many publications have hitherto focused on syngas production and purification
methods, as well as its applications in industrial production units. Despite the fact that
extended studies have been undertaken, there is still room for improvement. The four
volumesofthisbookseriesexplaintheconventionalandstate-of-the-arttechnologiesforthe
production, purification, and conversion of syngas meticulously.
The development of different technologies for producing syngas has attracted the attention
of many academics, researchers, and industries owing to the innate benefits. In the current
scenario, a number of conventional processes exist for producing syngas including, but not
limited to, steam reforming, dry reforming, partial oxidation, and gasification. Selecting
the syngas production method is mainly based on feedstock type and the desired
composition for downstream utilization. Following the necessity to address the challenges
of producing syngas such as deactivation of catalysts with coke deposition and sintering,
this engaging text touches on all the cutting-edge strategies serving as a link between the
scientists in the research laboratories and the operators in industrial plants to solve these
problems.
The book has two sections, the first of which introduces common syngas production
methods and technologies including steam reforming, gasification, partial oxidation, and
pyrolysis, as well as novel technologies such as electrolysis, plasma, and microchannels in
separate chapters. In the second section, syngas production sources such as coal, black
liquor, food and plastic wastes, lignin, and microalgae are described in detail. These two
sections together provide insights into the current status and the prospect of syngas
generation on a large scale.
xxi
Preface
The editors feel obliged to sincerely appreciate the authors of the chapters for their
contributions,hardwork,andgreatassistanceinthisproject.Furthermore,theauthors,aswell
as the editors, are grateful to all the Elsevier staff for their invaluable and irreplaceable
step-by-step assistance in preparing this book.
Mohammad Reza Rahimpour
Mohammad Amin Makarem
Maryam Meshksar
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Reviewer Acknowledgments
Theeditorsfeelobligedtoappreciatethededicatedreviewers(listedbelow)whowereinvolved
inreviewingandcommentingonthesubmittedchaptersandwhosecooperationandinsightful
commentswereveryhelpfulinimprovingthequalityofthechaptersandbooksinthisseries.
Dr. Mohammad Hadi Sedaghat
School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Dr. Ali Bakhtyari
Chemical Engineering Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Dr. Javad Hekayati
Department of Chemical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Ms. Parvin Kiani
Department of Chemical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Ms. Samira Zafarnak
Department of Chemical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
xxiii
