Table Of ContentMaterials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials
R. Vaira Vignesh
R. Padmanaban
M. Govindaraju Editors
Advances in
Processing
of Lightweight
Metal Alloys and
Composites
Microstructural Characterization and
Property Correlation
Materials Horizons: From Nature to
Nanomaterials
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Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK
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· ·
R. Vaira Vignesh R. Padmanaban
M. Govindaraju
Editors
Advances in Processing
of Lightweight Metal Alloys
and Composites
Microstructural Characterization and Property
Correlation
Editors
R. Vaira Vignesh R. Padmanaban
Department of Mechanical Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering
Amrita School of Engineering Amrita School of Engineering
Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
Coimbatore, India Coimbatore, India
M. Govindaraju
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Amrita School of Engineering
Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
Coimbatore, India
ISSN 2524-5384 ISSN 2524-5392 (electronic)
Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials
ISBN 978-981-19-7145-7 ISBN 978-981-19-7146-4 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7146-4
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature
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This book is dedicated to
Dr.S.Thirumalini
(1971–2021)
Formerly, Professor and Chairperson
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore
Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
Foreword by Dr. T. Ram Prabhu
The last decade has witnessed remarkable research and development of novel
lightweight alloys for automotive, aviation, and structural components. The editors
Dr. R. Vaira Vignesh, Dr. R. Padmanaban, and Dr. M. Govindaraju have made a
timely book on Advances in Processing of Lightweight Metal Alloys and Compos-
ites. The book has touched upon the essentials of lightweight metal alloys processing,
post-processing, joining methodologies, and the industry’s future trends.
The salient features of the book are as follows:
. Detailed documentation of promising and novel research trends in the solid-state
welding and processing of lightweight metallic materials.
. Overview of recent additive manufacturing trends in the industry for aluminum,
magnesium, and titanium alloys.
. Comprehensive analysis of the microstructural evolution and properties of
aluminum and magnesium alloys subjected to solid-state welding/processing.
A significant effort has been made to elucidate the future trends of materials research.
The book will benefit researchers, academicians, scientists, and engineers who want
to delve deeper into the subject.
I wish all the best to the editors in all their endeavors.
Dr. T. Ram Prabhu
Joint Director, Defence Research
Development Organization,
Ministry of Defence
Government of India
Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
vii
Foreword by Dr. Shantanu Bhowmik
The rapid progress of and the numerous research conducted under the aegis of mate-
rials science and manufacturing make it challenging to interpret the facts accumulated
over a decade.
This book on Advances in Processing of Lightweight Metal Alloys and Compos-
ites, edited by Dr. R. Vaira Vignesh, Dr. R. Padmanaban, and Dr. M. Govindaraju,
provides a number of chapters that are excellent examples of research work applied
to relevant metallurgical problems. This book covers the critical areas in lightweight
metallic materials, including the recent advancements in additive manufacturing
processes.
I believe the book would extract the technical fundamentals of processing
lightweight metal alloys and composites. The authors have presented the modern
engineering problems associated with the processing and characterizing of advanced
materials.
This book forms a valuable addition to the existing body of knowledge. It
is primarily intended for the students, scholars, and researchers devoting them-
selves to researching lightweight materials, composites, and solid-state welding and
processing.
The authors and editors of the book deserve appreciation for shaping a sensible
and applied book.
Dr. Shantanu Bhowmik
Professor, Department of Aerospace
Engineering
Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
Coimbatore, India
Adjunct Professor, Center for Future
Materials
University of Southern Queensland
Toowoomba, Australia
ix
Foreword by Dr. A. Srinivasan
I am happy to extend my good wishes to Dr. R. Vaira Vignesh, Dr. R. Padmanaban,
and Dr. M. Govindaraju for their book Advances in Processing of Lightweight Metal
Alloys and Composites.
The compiled chapters cover a range of areas, including an overview, liquid and
solid-state processing, and machinability characteristics of lightweight alloys and
composites. The thematic information in the book provides a comprehensive base
on innovative ideas and technologies developed by eminent researchers working on
lightweight metal alloys and composites.
The curated book chapters will serve the research community with current trends
in friction stir welding and processing aluminum and magnesium alloys. An inclusive
analysis of the resulting microstructure, properties, and mechanisms is presented.
An overview of the recent trends in solid-state joining, processing, and additive
manufacturing in the industry is presented.
I hope this book will enhance the conceptual understanding of young scientists
and the research community. The book editors deserve my huge appreciation for
their effort in bringing out the valuable and useful book.
Dr. A. Srinivasan
Principal Scientist, CSIR—National
Institute for Interdisciplinary
Science and Technology (NIIST),
Council of Scientific and Industrial
Research (CSIR), Ministry of Science
and Technology
Government of India
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
xi
Preface
This book is a compilation of the collective knowledge of students, instructors, and
researchers on the subject of lightweight materials (alloys and composites) and their
uses, in both academic and professional contexts. Several industries currently use
lightweight materials extensively as a critical component in creating cutting-edge
products. As a result, the need for understanding and using lightweight materials has
multiplied, as has the number of users in this field.
In order to introduce both new and established users to this field, there was a
need for organized learning material. Several renowned, widely acknowledged, and
excellent texts in lightweight materials exist. However, almost all of these texts
are advanced and go into great detail about fabrication techniques. As a result, a
substantial unmet demand for high-quality educational materials that emphasize the
characterization of lightweight material remains open. This book aims to satisfy that
need. We hope this book would offer the reader a clear, comprehensive, and useful
introduction to the processing and characterization of lightweight materials.
The first five chapters (Chaps. 1–5) of this book introduce the essentials of
lightweight materials to a novice reader. The following six chapters (Chaps. 6–11)
deal with the essence of existing knowledge on liquid state processing and solid-state
welding of lightweight alloys. The subsequent seven chapters (Chaps. 12–18) are
dedicated to some relatively recent topics in the solid-state processing of lightweight
alloys and composites. The next three chapters (Chaps. 19–21) deal with the machin-
ability characteristics of lightweight alloys and composites. The last four chapters
(Chaps. 22–25) provide a brief account of current trends in additive manufacturing
of lightweight materials.
Researchers working in various disciplines, including metallurgy, materials
science and engineering, manufacturing engineering, and production engineering,
will find this book as a handy reference. Using the content wisely, this book can also
be used as a text for one-semester undergraduate and graduate courses in lightweight
materials. The contributions of many people fruition a book of this caliber. Without
the teamwork of members from our respective research groups, this book would
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