Table Of ContentAdvances in Processing
and Pattern Analysis of
Biological Signals
Advances in Processing
and Pattern Analysis of
Biological Signals
Edited by
Isak Gath Gideon F. Inb ar
and
Technion-Israel Institute of Technology
Haifa, Israel
Springer Science+B usiness Media, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging~ in-Pub! ication Data
Advances 1n process1ng and patterr· analysis of blolog1cal s:gnals
ed1ted by IsaK Gath and G1deon F. Inbar.
p. em.
Includes blbl iographlca1 references and 1ndex.
ISBN 978-1-4757-9100-6 ISBN 978-1-4757-9098-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-9098-6
1. S1gnal processJng--Dlgltal techniques--Congresses.
2. Electroencephalography--Congresses. 3. Electromyogra~hy-
-Co~gresses. 4. E1ectrccard10grapny---Cang-esses. Gat~. Isak.
II. Inbar, Gideon F.
R857.D47A29 1996
616.07"547--dcZO 96-13448
CJP
Proceedings of the Bat~Sheva De Rotschild Seminar, held March 19 ~ 25. 1995, at Technion -Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa. Israel
ISBN 978-1-4757-9100-6
© 1996 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1996
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1996
All rights reserved
10987654321
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written
permission from the Publisher
PREFACE
In recent years there has been rapid progress in the development of signal processing
in general, and more specifically in the application of signal processing and pattern analysis
to biological signals. Techniques, such as parametric and nonparametric spectral estimation,
higher order spectral estimation, time-frequency methods, wavelet transform, and identifi
cation of nonlinear systems using chaos theory, have been successfully used to elucidate
basic mechanisms of physiological and mental processes. Similarly, biological signals
recorded during daily medical practice for clinical diagnostic procedures, such as electroen
cephalograms (EEG), evoked potentials (EP), electromyograms (EMG) and electrocardio
grams (ECG), have greatly benefitted from advances in signal processing.
In order to update researchers, graduate students, and clinicians, on the latest
developments in the field, an International Symposium on Processing and Pattern Analysis
of Biological Signals was held at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, during March
1995. This book contains 27 papers delivered during the symposium.
The book follows the five sessions of the symposium. The first section, Processing
and Pattern Analysis of Normal and Pathological EEG, accounts for some of the latest
developments in the area of EEG processing, namely: time varying parametric modeling;
non-linear dynamic modeling of the EEG using chaos theory; Markov analysis; delay
estimation using adaptive least-squares filtering; and applications to the analysis of epileptic
EEG, EEG recorded from psychiatric patients, and sleep EEG.
In the second section, Investigation of Psychophysiological Phenomena by Process
ing and Pattern Analysis of Evoked Potentials, methods for single trial-evoked potentials,
are described. Techniques, such as parametric modeling, adaptive delay and coherence
estimation, wavelet-type decomposition, and higher-order spectral estimation are discussed.
The third section is dedicated to Processing and Pattern Analysis of Neural Cell
Activity. Correlation and coherence analysis, as well as system identification methods have
proved to be valuable for the understanding of firing patterns of neural populations.
In the fourth section, Processing and Pattern Analysis ofECG in Health and Disease,
several authors consider advanced techniques for the analysis of the heart rate variability
signal. Applications include analysis of ventricular fibrillation signals, recording and analy
sis offetal ECG, and analysis of body surface potential maps.
In the last section, Processing and Pattern Analysis ofEMG and Human Movement,
basic problems ofEMG modeling, such as source characteristics, are discussed. Decompo
sition of needle EMG recordings, as well as processing of multichannel EMG using signal
processing, are treated. Modeling and analysis of human movements for the purpose of
understanding motor organization, as well as processing of handwriting movements, con
clude this section.
vi Preface
The symposium and this volume would have never emerged without The Bat-Sheva
De Rotschild Foundation, whose generous support made the International Workshop on
"Advances in Processing and Pattern Analysis of Biological Signals" a reality. Thanks are
also due to the Technion, liT, to the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, and to the
Ministry of Science and the Arts for their support. Special thanks are due to Amir Geva for
designing the front cover of the book. We are especially indebted to Miss. Deborah E. Shapiro
for her meticulous typing and organization of the book and to Mrs. Cecily Hyams for
language editing of several chapters.
Isak Gath Gideon F. Inbar
Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering
Technion-liT, Haifa Technion-liT, Haifa
CONTENTS
Processing and Pattern Analysis of Normal and Pathological EEG
I. Some New Tools for EEG Modeling and Analysis
Will Gersch
2. Signal Processing ofEEG: Evidence for Chaos or Noise. an Application to
Seizure Activity in Epilepsy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Fernando H. Lopes da Silva, Jan-Pieter Pijn, and Demetrios N. Velis
3. Markovian Analysis of EEG Signal Dynamics in Obsessive-Compulsive
Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Alex A Sergejew and Ah Chung Tsoi
4. EEG Sleep Staging Using Vectorial Autoregressive Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Arnon Cohen, Felix Flomen, and Nir Drori
5. Processing of Epileptic EEG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
lsak Oath, Bernard Harris, Yoram Salant, Claude Feuerstein,
Olaf Henriksen, and Gerard Rondouin
6. Simultaneous EEG Recordings from Olfactory and Limbic Brain Structures:
Limbic Markers during Olfactory Perception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Leslie Kay, Walter J. Freeman, and Larry R. Lancaster, Jr.
Investigation of Psychophysiological Phenomena by Processing and Pattern Analysis
of Evoked Potentials
7. Single Sweep Analysis of Evoked and Event Related Potentials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Sergio Cerutti, Anna M. Bianchi, and Diego Liberati
8. Spatio-Temporal Source Estimation of Evoked Potentials by Wavelet-Type
Decomposition: Wavelet-Type Source Estimation ofEPs ............... 103
Amir B. Geva, Hillel Pratt, and Yehoshua Y. Zeevi
vii
viii Contents
9. Modeling and Estimation of Amplitude and Time Shifts in Single Evoked
Potential Components ........................................... 123
Daniel H. Lange and Gideon F. Inbar
10. Testing for Synchronization in Evoked Potentials Using Higher Order Spectra
Technique ..................................................... 137
Miram Furst, Irit Sha'aya-Segal, and Hagit Messer
11. Analyses of Transient and Time-Varying Evoked Potentials for Detection of
Brain Injury ................................................... 145
Nitish V. Thakor and Xuan Kong
Processing and Pattern Analysis of Neuronal Cell Activity
12. Detection and Quantification of Correlations in Neural Populations by
Coherence Analysis ............................................. 167
Constantinos N. Christakos
13. System Identification of Spiking Sensory Neurons Using Realistically
Constrained Nonlinear Time Series Models .......................... 183
Michael G. Paulin
14. Temporal Encoding of Visual Features by Cortical Neurons ................. 195
Lance M. Optican and John W. McClurkin
15. Coherent Dynamics in the Frontal Cortex of the Behaving Monkey:
Experimental Observations and Model Interpretation .................. 205
Ad Aertsen, Michael Erb, Iris Haalman, and Eilon Vaadia
Processing and Pattern Analysis of ECG in Health and Disease
16. Analysis of Heart Rate Variability: A Review ............................. 225
Otto Rompelman and Ben J. Ten Voorde
17. The Heart Rate Variability Signal: Among Rhythms, Noise and Chaos ......... 235
Sergio Cerutti and Maria G. Signorini
18. ECG Arrythmia Analysis: Design and Evaluation Strategies ................. 251
Roger G. Mark and George B. Moody
19. Fundamental Analyses of Ventricular Fibrillation Signals by Parametric,
Nonparametric, and Dynamical Methods ............................ 273
Nitish V. Thakor, Ahmet Baykal, and Aldo Casaleggio
20. Fetal ECG Detection and Applications .................................. 297
Solange Akselrod, Jacob Karin, and Michael Hirsch
21. Processing, Feature Extraction and Classification of Body Surface Potential
Maps ......................................................... 307
DanR.Adam
Contents ix
Processing and Pattern Analysis of EMG and Human Movement
22. Source Characteristics from Inverse Modeling of EMG Signals .............. 319
Herman B. K. Boom and Willemien Wallinga
23. The EMG as a Window to the Brain: Signal Processing Tools to Enhance the
View ......................................................... 339
Werner M. Wolf
24. Multi-Channel EMG Processing ....................................... 357
Edward A. Clancy, William R. Murray, and Neville Hogan
25. Estimation of Human Elbow Joint Mechanical Transfer Function during Steady
State and during Cyclical Movements .............................. 375
Gideon F. Inbar
26. Characterizing and Modeling Human Arm Movements: Insights into Motor
Organization .................................................. 391
Tamar Flash, Irina Gurevich, and Ealan Henis
27. Processing and Pattern Analysis of Handwriting Movements ................ 413
Ehud Bar-On and Anna Tolmacheva
Index ................................................................. 421
Processing and Pattern Analysis of
Normal and Pathological EEG
