Table Of ContentADVANCES IN
POST-TRANSLATIONAL
MODIFICATIONS OF
PROTEINS AND AGING
ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
Editorial Board:
NA THAN BACK, State University of New York at Buffalo
EPHRAIM KATCHALSKI-KATZIR, The Weizmann Institute of Science
DAVID KRITCHEVSKY, Wistar Institute
ABEL LAJTHA, N. S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research
RODOLFO PAOLETTI, University of Milan
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ADVANCES IN
POST-TRANSLATIONAL
MODIFICATIONS OF
PROTEINS AND AGING
Edited by
Vincenzo Zappia
Patrizia Galletti
Raffaele Porta
University of Naples
Naples, ltaly
and
Finn Wold
University of Texas Health Science Center
Houston, Texas
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
International Symposium on Post-Translational Modifications of Proteins and Aging
(1st: 1987: Naples, Italy)
Advances in post-translational modifications of proteins and aging 1 edited by
Vincenzo Zappia ... [et al.].
(Advances in experimental medicine and biology; v. 231)
p. cm.
"Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Post-Translational Modifica-
tions of Proteins and Aging, held May 11-15, 1987, in Naples, Italy"-T.p. verso.
Includes bibliographies and index.
ISBN 978-1-4684-9044-2 ISBN 978-1-4684-9042-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4684-9042-8
1. Proteins-Metabolism-Congresses. 2. Aging-Physiological aspects-Con
gresses. l. Zappia, Vincenzo. Il. Title.
QP551.1549 1987 87-36104
599'.019245-dc19 CIP
Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Post-Translational
Modifications of Proteins and Aging, held May 11-15, 1987, in Naples, ltaly
© 1988 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1988
Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover lst edition 1988
Ali rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
PREFACE
This volume contains 56 contributions presented at the 1st
International Symposium on Post-Translational Modifications of Proteins
and Ageing, held on the Island of Ischia (Naples, Italy) from May 11 to 15,
1987, under the auspices of the University of Naples and the Italian
Society of Biochemistry. The primary aim of this interdisciplinary
meeting was to promote a productive exchange among scientists from
different cultural areas, and to give them the opportunity to discuss
problems of common interest approached from different scientific
standpoints.
Although a large number of studies has led to a definition of the
chemical mechanisms and of the main enzymological aspects of the several
post-translational modifications of proteins, we are still far away from a
complete elucidation of the functional significance of such processes. As
a matter of fact, it seems reasonable that the presently available experi
mental approaches and models employed to investigate the biological roles
are still inadequate. The search for suitable model systems was a matter
of discussion during the meeting, and will be a major challenge in the
future. The most frequently employed approaches to this problem thus far
have been in vitro, but several proteins reported to be excellent in vitro
substrates failed to show any activity when assayed in in vivo models.
The problem of substrate specificity has also been a much-discussed
issue; the specificity determinants of this class of reactions have been
extensively investigated in recent years, and in some instances the
enzyme-substrate recognition sites have been elucidated. In many cases,
primary sequence of the site of modification, as well as secondary and
tertiary structures of substrate proteins, are all critical. Furthermore,
substrate flexibility and site accessibility within the pertinent struc
tural domains have also been proposed as relevant factors. Additional
specificity determinants are the compartmentalization of many enzymes
involved in the processing, as well as the dynamics of the sequence of
various modifications often operative in the same protein.
The first section of the book is concerned with general aspects of
"Transglutaminase-Mediated Reactions" and their possible functional roles
in the ageing of specific tissues. The second group of contributions
deals with "Protein Methylation"; significant attention has been directed
to the methylesterification of proteins at the level of altered aspartyl
residues, and to the role of this reaction in the processing of "aged"
proteins. The chemical aspects and the complex regulatory functions of
"Protein Phosphorylation" are discussed In the third section, with special
emphasis on the regulation of cell growth and transformation mediated by
protein-tyrosine kinases. Additional post-translational modifications,
such as ADP-ribosylation, protein glycosylation, and histone acetylation,
comprise the last issue treated in this volume.
We will consider our efforts worthwhile if these Proceedings inform
the readers, indicating new paths and stimulating novel approaches. We
v
expect this book to encourage further research and understanding of the
many aspects of this intriguing and complex area, and to serve as a
reference source for further investigation.
The Editors
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Editors wish to express their appreciation to the UniversitA di
Napoli, the Societa. Italiana di Blochimica and the Consiglio Nazlonale
delle Ricerche for sponsoring the Symposium. We also gratefully
acknowledge the support of the following Italian institutions: Ministero
della Pubblica Istruzione; Ministero degll Esteri; Assessorato alia
Sanita. della Regione Campania; Assessorato al Turismo, Sport e Spettacolo
della Regione Campania; Provincia di Napoli; Ente Provinciale del
Turismo di Napoli; Azienda Autonoma di Soggiorno, Cura e Turismo di
Ischia.
The Editors also wish to extend their thanks to the authors and to
PLENUM PRESS for making the prompt publication of this volume possible,
and to ALM s.r.l. for taking care of the organizational aspects of the
meeting.
We also wish to thank Ms. Patricia Reynolds, who acted as Editorial
Assistant, for the efficient performance in executing the many tasks
involved in editing this volume.
The cooperation of ARFACID, the newly-founded Italian Association for
Pure and Applied Research on Cancer, Ageing and Degenerative Diseases, was
essential to the successful outcome of this undertaking.
vii
CONTENTS
TRANSGLUTAMINASE-RELATED REACTIONS
Modulation of Cellular Transglutaminase: Protease-Induced
Actl vatlon .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
S.I. Chung, S.K. Chang, E. T. Cocuzzi, J.E. Fol k, H.C. Kim,
S.Y. Lee, N. Martinet, T. Nigra and H.S. Sun
Primary Structure of Human Coagulation Factor XIII 15
A. Ichinose and E.W. Davie
Biosynthesis of Factor XIII A and B Subunits 29
J.A. Nagy, R.L. Kradin and J. McDonagh
Keratlnocyte Transglutamlnase: Regulation and Release ............ 51
R.H. Rice, R. Chakravarty, J. Chen. W. O'Callahan and
A.L. Rubin
Retinoid-Regulated Expression of Tissue Transglutamlnase In
Normal and Leukemic Myeloid Cells ....................... 63
P.J.A. Davies, E.A. Chiocca and J.P. Stein
FAB Mass Spectrometric Detection of E (y-Glutamly)Lyslne
Crosslinks and (y-GlutamyI)Polyamlne Derivatives
Produced by Transglutamlnase In vitro ..........•........ 73
P. Pucci, G. Marino, A. Malorni, S. Metafora, C. Esposito
and R. Porta
Transglutamlnase-Medlated Cross-Linking of Proteins and Cell
Ageing: The Erythrocyte and Lens Models .•.............. 79
L. Lorand
Post-Translational Modifications of Eye Lens Cryst8l1lns:
Crossllnklng, Phosphorylation and Deamldatlon ... . . . . . . . . . . . 9!?
W.W. de Jong, J.W.M. Mulders, C.E.M. Voorter,
G.A.M. Berbers, W.A. Hoekman and H. Bloemendal
Transglutamlnase, Donor Age, and In vitro Cellular Senescence. . . . .. 109
P.J. Blrckbichler, L.E. Anderson ar1Ciff."T. Dell'Orco
Searching for the Function of Tissue Transglutamlnase: Its
Possible Involvement In the Biochemical Pathway of
Programmed Cell Death ......................•..•....... 119
L. Fesus and V. Thomazy
ix
Modulation of Cellular Reapon. . to Antigens by Uteroglobln and
Tran.glut8rnlnaM • • • • • • • • • . • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • . • • . .. 1 35
A.B. Mukherjee, E. Cordelia-Miele, T. Klkukawa and L. Miele
Tran.glutamlnase-CAtalyzed Croaallnklng of an Immunosuppressive
and Anti-Inflammatory Protein Secreted from the Rat
Semi nal Vesicles......................... . . • . • . . . . . . . .. 1 53
R. Porta, C. Esposito, P. Persico, G. Peluso and S. Metafora
Macrophage Transglutamln. ...: Characterization of Molecular
Species and Measurement of Enzymatic Modification by
Clgaretie Smoke Components •••.•.••.......•..........•. 161
W.J. Roth, S.I. Chung, L. Raju and A. Janoff
Implication of Transglutamlnase In Mitogen-Induced Human
Lymphocyte Blast Transformation ............•..•.....•.. 1 75
S. Metafora, G. Peluso, G. Ravagnan, A. Fusco, V. Gentile
and R. Porta
Post-Translational Modifications of cellular Proteins by
PoIyamlnes and Polyamine-Derivatives •. . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . .. 185
M. Piacentini, M.P. Ceru'-Argento, M.G. Farrace and
F. Autuorl
PROTEIN METHYLATION
Methylation, Demethylatlon, and Deamldatlon at Glutamate
Residues In Membrane Chemoreceptor Proteins .............. 201
J. Stock and S. Simms
Perspectives on the Biological Function and Enzymology of
Protein carboxyl Methylation Reactions In Eucaryotlc and
Procaryotic Cells . . • . • . • • • • . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 21 3
S. Clarke
Mechanism of Protein Carboxyl Methyl Transfer Reactions:
Structural Requirements of Methyl Accepting Substrates. . . . .. 229
P. Galletti, D. In grosso, G. Pontoni, A. Oliva and V. Zappia
Modification of Isoaspartyl Peptldes and Proteins by Protein
carboxyl Methyltransferase from Bovine Brain •............• 247
D.W. Aswad, B.A. Johnson, E.L. Langmack and J.M. Shirokawa
Substrates of Protein carboxyl Methyltransferase: Kinetics and
Mechanism of thel r Formation ••••.•.•..•...•.•......•... 261
P.J.M. van den Oetelaar and H.J. Hoenders
The Carboxylmethylatlon of Membrane-Bound Proteins In the Aging
Rat Brain· .•.•.•.••••.•.•..••.•.•..••.....•.•..•..... 269
O.Z. Sellinger and C.M. Kramer
Enzymatic Methyl Esterification of Proteins and Ageing: the Eye
Lens as a Model System for In vivo and In vitro Studies . . . •. 281
C. Manna, P. Galletti, L. del Plano, A. Oliva and--v.lappia
x
