Table Of ContentLecture Notes Electrical Engineering
Volume 16
· ·
Istva´n Frigyes Ja´nos Bito´ Pe´ter Bakki (Eds.)
Advances in Mobile and Wireless
Communications
Views of the 16th IST Mobile and Wireless
Communication Summit
123
FrigyesIstva´n Pe´terBakki
BudapestDepartmentof BudapestDepartmentof
TechnologyandEconomics TechnologyandEconomics
Dept.ofBroadband Dept.ofBroadband
Infocommunicationand Infocommunicationand
GoldmannGy.te´r3 GoldmannGy.te´r3
Budapest1111 Budapest1111
Hungary Hungary
[email protected] [email protected]
Ja´nosBito´
BudapestDepartmentof
TechnologyandEconomics
Dept.ofBroadband
Infocommunicationand
GoldmannGy.te´r3
Budapest1111
Hungary
[email protected]
ISBN:978-3-540-79040-2 e-ISBN:978-3-540-79041-9
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2008926495
(cid:2)c 2008Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg
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All are but parts of one stupendous whole,
Whose body Nature is, and God the soul; -
Alexander Pope
Contents
Contributors........................................................................................XVII
Preface...............................................................................................XXIII
Introduction.........................................................................................XXV
Part I Physical............................................................................................1
1 Interleaving Strategies for Multidimensional
Concatenated Zigzag Codes................................................................3
1.1 Introduction...................................................................................3
1.2 Zigzag Codes.................................................................................4
1.2.1 Encoding of Zigzag Codes..................................................4
1.3 Multiple Interleavers.....................................................................6
1.3.1 Problem...............................................................................6
1.3.2 Congruential Interleavers....................................................8
1.3.3 Cyclic Shifted Multiple Interleavers...................................9
1.3.4 UMTS Based Interleaver.....................................................9
1.3.5 Interleavers for Zigzag Codes...........................................11
1.4 Simulation Results.......................................................................16
1.5 Conclusions.................................................................................19
References...........................................................................................19
2 Simplified Channel-Aware Greedy Scheduling and
Antenna Selection Algorithms for Multiuser MIMO
Systems Employing Orthogonal Space Division Multiplexing........23
2.1 Introduction.................................................................................23
2.2 System Model..............................................................................26
2.2.1 Block Diagonalization (BD).............................................27
2.2.2 Successive Optimization (SO)..........................................28
2.3 Fair Scheduling and Antenna Selection Algorithms...................29
2.3.1 Joint User and Antenna Selection for Block
Diagonalization (BD)........................................................30
VIII Contents
2.3.2 Joint User and Antenna Selection for Successive
Optimization (SO).............................................................34
2.3.3 Subspace Correlation Based User Grouping.....................38
2.4 Impact of Receive Antenna Selection (RAS)..............................40
2.4.1 Receive Antenna Selection Algorithm 1 (RAS-I).............41
2.4.2 Receive Antenna Selection Algorithm 2 (RAS-II)...........41
2.5 Simulation Results.......................................................................42
2.5.1 Correlation Threshold.......................................................42
2.5.2 Average Sum Rate Performance.......................................44
2.6 Conclusions.................................................................................49
Acknowledgements.............................................................................49
References...........................................................................................50
3 On the Impact of Channel Estimation and Quantization
Errors for Various Spatio-Temporal Transmission Schemes.......53
3.1 Introduction.................................................................................53
3.2 Single Link MIMO Transmission...............................................54
3.2.1 System Model...................................................................54
3.2.2 Transmission Schemes......................................................55
3.3 Multi-User Downlink MIMO Transmission...............................58
3.3.1 System Model...................................................................59
3.3.2 ZF Precoding for Multi-User Downlink Transmission.....59
3.4 Impact of Channel Estimation Errors at Receiver.......................59
3.4.1 Channel Estimation Error Model......................................59
3.4.2 Simulation Results............................................................61
3.5 Impact of Channel Quantization Errors at Transmitter...............62
3.5.1 Random Vector Quantization............................................63
3.5.2 Simulation Results............................................................64
3.6 Concluding Remarks and Further Comments.............................68
References...........................................................................................69
4 On Multi-Cell Cooperative Signal Processing
in Backhaul-Constrained Cellular Systems....................................71
4.1 Introduction.................................................................................71
4.2 Notation.......................................................................................72
4.3 System Model..............................................................................72
4.3.1 Optimization Framework..................................................74
4.3.2 Optimization Problem.......................................................78
4.4 Optimization Approach...............................................................79
4.4.1 User Grouping...................................................................80
4.4.2 Virtual MIMO Configuration............................................82
Contents IX
4.4.3 Beamforming Matrices......................................................82
4.4.4 Power Allocation...............................................................85
4.5 A Closer View on Subsystem Partitioning..................................86
4.6 Simulation Results.......................................................................89
4.7 Conclusions.................................................................................93
References...........................................................................................94
Part II Access...........................................................................................97
5 One-Shot Multi-Bid Auction and Pricing
in Dynamic Spectrum Allocation Networks....................................99
5.1 Introduction.................................................................................99
5.1.1 Trading and Liberalization................................................99
5.1.2 Rights and Obligations....................................................100
5.1.3 Interference.....................................................................100
5.2 Related Works...........................................................................101
5.3 Spatio-temporal DSA Model.....................................................102
5.3.1 Interference and Spectrum Efficiency.............................102
5.3.2 Feasible Allocation..........................................................104
5.3.3 Interference Tolerance....................................................105
5.4 Pricing Scheme in the Proposed DSA Model............................105
5.4.1 Inputs...............................................................................105
5.4.2 Allocation and Pricing Rules..........................................106
5.5 Example.....................................................................................108
5.6 Conclusion.................................................................................111
References.........................................................................................112
6 Resource Allocation Strategies for SDMA/OFDMA Systems.......115
6.1 Introduction...............................................................................115
6.2 System Model............................................................................117
6.3 Space-Frequency/Time Resource Allocation............................119
6.3.1 SDMA Algorithm: Greedy Regularized
Correlation-Based Algorithm..........................................120
6.3.2 Frequency/Time Assignment Algorithm:
Group-to-Resource Assignment......................................121
6.3.3 Resource Allocation Strategy..........................................123
6.4 Frequency/Time-Space Resource Allocation............................124
6.4.1 SDMA Algorithm: Successive Projections Algorithm...124
6.4.2 Frequency/Time Assignment Algorithm:
User-to-Resource Assignment........................................125
6.4.3 Resource Allocation Strategy..........................................126
6.5 Analysis and Simulation Results...............................................126
X Contents
6.6 Conclusions...............................................................................132
References.........................................................................................132
Part III Techniques and Technologies.................................................135
7 Moment-Based Estimation of the Signal-to-Noise
Ratio for Oversampled Narrowband Signals................................137
7.1 Introduction...............................................................................137
7.2 Equivalent Baseband Model......................................................137
7.3 Moment-Based SNR Estimation...............................................138
7.4 Computation of the Correlation Index.......................................140
7.5 Higher-Order Statistics..............................................................142
7.6 Simulation Results.....................................................................144
7.7 Conclusions...............................................................................147
References.........................................................................................147
8 Estimation of Rain Attenuation Distribution on Terrestrial
Microwave Links with General N-State Markov Model..............149
8.1 Introduction...............................................................................149
8.2 Stationary Examination of Rain Attenuation Process...............150
8.3 The N-state Markov Model.......................................................151
8.4 Model Parameterization............................................................154
8.5 Applying the Proposed Model for a Designated Link...............157
8.6 Results.......................................................................................158
8.7 Conclusion.................................................................................160
Acknowledgement.............................................................................161
References.........................................................................................161
9 An Investigation of the Applicability of Fade Duration
Markov Model in Attenuation Time Series Synthesis
for Multipath Fading Channel.......................................................163
9.1 Introduction...............................................................................163
9.2 Description of the Measured Data.............................................164
9.3 Stationarity Investigations of the Attenuation Process..............164
9.4 Event Modeling with Two-State Markov Chain.......................167
9.5 The Attenuation Threshold Dependent Fade Duration
Model........................................................................................168
9.6 From the Fade Duration Model to the Two-State
Fade/Non-fade Model................................................................171
9.7 Simulate a Single Fading Event................................................173
9.8 Modeling the Scintillation.........................................................176
9.9 Evaluation of the Synthesized Time Series...............................176
Contents XI
9.10 Summary...................................................................................178
Acknowledgment...............................................................................179
References.........................................................................................179
10 Cost-Optimised Active Receive Array Antenna
for Mobile Satellite Terminals........................................................181
10.1 Introduction...............................................................................181
10.2 System Scenario........................................................................181
10.3 Simulation Assessments............................................................182
10.3.1 Environmental Conditions..............................................182
10.3.2 Directional Land Mobile Satellite Channel Model.........183
10.3.3 Conformal Array Simulations........................................187
10.4 Antenna Design.........................................................................190
10.5 Digital Beamforming.................................................................193
10.5.1 Implementation Aspects.................................................195
10.6 Conclusions...............................................................................199
References.........................................................................................199
11 Scheduling Techniques for Mobile Broadcast
and Multicast Services.....................................................................201
11.1 Introduction...............................................................................201
11.2 Problem Analysis......................................................................202
11.2.1 Introduction of MBMS...................................................202
11.2.2 Scheduling and Congestion Control in MBMS..............203
11.3 Concepts and Algorithms..........................................................205
11.3.1 Dynamic MBMS Resource Scheduler............................205
11.3.2 Scheduling of Carousel Services....................................209
11.3.3 Scheduling of Streaming Services..................................212
11.4 Performance Evaluation............................................................215
11.4.1 Evaluation of Scheduling for Carousel Services............215
11.4.2 Evaluation of Scheduling for Streaming Services..........216
11.4.3 Evaluation of Dynamic MBMS Resource Scheduler.....217
11.5 Conclusions...............................................................................217
Acknowledgment...............................................................................219
References.........................................................................................219
Part IV Networks...................................................................................221
12 Body Area Network and Its Standardization at
IEEE 802.15.BAN............................................................................223
12.1 Introduction...............................................................................223
12.2 SG-BAN and BAN Definition...................................................224
XII Contents
12.3 BAN Applications and Usage Models......................................227
12.3.1 Medical and Healthcare Applications............................227
12.3.2 Applications for Assisting Persons with Disabilities.....229
12.3.3 Entertainment Applications............................................231
12.4 Some Short-Range Technologies and a Prototype BAN...........232
12.4.1 BAN Requirements and Some Short-Range
Wireless Technologies...................................................232
12.4.2 A Prototype BAN System..............................................233
12.5 Issues in Discussion and Future Work......................................235
12.5.1 Wearable BAN and Implant BAN.................................235
12.5.2 Frequency regulations....................................................236
12.6 Conclusion.................................................................................237
References.........................................................................................237
13 Generic Abstraction of Access Performance and
Resources for Multi-Radio Access Management..........................239
13.1 Introduction...............................................................................239
13.2 Multi-Radio Access Architecture..............................................240
13.3 Service Requirements................................................................242
13.3.1 Reliability Requirements of Applications......................243
13.3.2 Rate Requirements of Applications...............................243
13.3.3 Delay Requirements of Applications.............................244
13.4 Service Specification.................................................................244
13.5 Generic Access Performance Abstraction.................................246
13.6 Generic Access Resource Abstraction.......................................248
13.6.1 Generic Access Resource Metrics..................................248
13.6.2 Access Resource Structures and Combined
Access Resource Metrics...............................................251
13.7 Access Selection Process...........................................................253
13.7.1 Policy-based Access Selection.......................................254
13.7.2 Dynamic Access Selection.............................................254
13.8 Conclusion.................................................................................257
Acknowledgments.............................................................................258
References.........................................................................................258
14 A Decentralized RAT Selection Algorithm
Enabled by IEEE P1900.4...............................................................261
14.1 Introduction...............................................................................261
14.2 RAT Selection Enablers Defined by IEEE P1900.4..................263
14.3 Case Study: Interference Reduction through
Decentralized RAT selection.....................................................265
14.4 Simulation Model......................................................................269
