Table Of ContentLecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 560
Mykhailo Ilchenko
Leonid Uryvsky
Larysa Globa Editors
Advances in
Information and
Communication
Technologies
Processing and Control in Information
and Communication Systems
Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
Volume 560
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LeopoldoAngrisani,DepartmentofElectricalandInformationTechnologiesEngineering,UniversityofNapoli
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PalmerstonNorth,Manawatu-Wanganui,NewZealand
Cun-ZhengNing,ElectricalEngineering,ArizonaStateUniversity,Tempe,AZ,USA
ToyoakiNishida,GraduateSchoolofInformatics,KyotoUniversity,Kyoto,Kyoto,Japan
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YongQin,StateKeyLaboratoryofRailTrafficControlandSafety,BeijingJiaotongUniversity,Beijing,China
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Mykhailo Ilchenko Leonid Uryvsky
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Larysa Globa
Editors
Advances in Information
and Communication
Technologies
Processing and Control in Information
and Communication Systems
123
Editors
Mykhailo Ilchenko LeonidUryvsky
Igor SikorskyKyivPolytechnic Institute Igor SikorskyKyivPolytechnic Institute
National Technical University of Ukraine National Technical University of Ukraine
Kyiv, Ukraine Kyiv, Ukraine
Larysa Globa
Igor SikorskyKyivPolytechnic Institute
National Technical University of Ukraine
Kyiv, Ukraine
ISSN 1876-1100 ISSN 1876-1119 (electronic)
Lecture Notesin Electrical Engineering
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Preface
This volume is a collection of the most important research results in the fields of
information, telecommunication and radioelectronics technologies provided by a
different group of researchers from Ukraine in collaboration with scientists from
differentcountries.Theauthorsofthechaptersfromthiscollectionpresentin-depth
extended research results in their scientific fields.
The volume consists of three parts.
PartIInformationTechnologiesandResearchdealswithvariousaspectsand
approaches to the formulation, analysis and solution of practically important and
challenging issues of information systems in general and Internet of things, man-
agement services quality control, improved estimates for the reliability indicators,
cryptographictechnologyblockchain,representationofGEOspatialinformationin
particular.
Part II Telecommunication Technologies and Research contains original
worksdealingwith many aspectsofconstructionusing research andforecastingof
technological characteristics of telecommunication systems.
The presented studies of this part cover a wide range of telecommunication
technologies, including over-the-horizon communication systems, satellite com-
munications, multiservice transmission systems as well as in-depth aspects of the
study of channel state control algorithms, the implementation of time, and syn-
chronization management technologies in telecommunications.
Part III RadioElectronics Technologies and Research contains relevant
papers which show some effective technological solutions that can be used for the
implementation of novel systems.
For the convenience of the readers, we briefly summarize the contents of the
chapters accepted.
Part I Information Technologies and Research.
The first chapter presented by A. Baranov (Internet of Things: Future
Telecommunication) introduces the possible changes in social patterns of the
provisionoftelecommunicationservicesunderinfluenceofusingInternetofthings
(IoT)technology.Inparticular,somesocialmodelsoftelecommunicationoperators
v
vi Preface
and models of the requirements of subjects to receive telecommunication services
are presented. The impact of the use of IoT technologies on the activities of
telecommunication operators is analyzed. The directions of the possible transfor-
mation of the business model of a telecommunication operator that will help meet
the needs of users of IoT technology are considered. The features of the
constructionofthetelecommunicationinfrastructureoftheoperatorintheinterests
of meeting user needs are considered. It is shown that the use of IoT technologies
significantly increases the load on the radio frequency resource. The technical
features and legal models of increasing the efficiency of using radio frequency
resource in Ukraine are presented.
Chapter Cryptographic Technology Blockchain and its Applications by
A. Luntovskyy and D. Guetter focuses on the problem of using blockchain
technologies and their networked cryptographic applications. An important trend
since approximately the year 2000 is the use of modern cryptotechnology
“blockchain” for acceleration, transparency, and decentralization of financial
transactions and as promising digital payment instruments and cryptocurrencies
(e.g., Bitcoin, Monero, and Ethereum).
The influencing factors and sources of blockchain cryptotechnology were dis-
cussed, the comparison of centralized bank systems vs. decentralized systems was
carriedout,theminingprocessforcryptographiccurrencies,theconceptofapublic
ledger, the validation principles PoW and PoS are represented, as well as the
profitability of cryptographic currencies was analyzed. Furthermore, important
applications of blockchain cryptotechnology were shown (such as Smart
Contracting,Bletchley)aswellastheaccompanyingrisks,andtheiradvantagesand
disadvantages are discussed. In addition, the malicious applications are discussed
such as the ransomware (extortion Trojans). Finally, the potential and future
perspectives of blockchain cryptotechnology for real business applications are
assessed.
Chapter Model of transdisciplinary representation of GEOspatial information
by O. Stryzhak, V. Prychodniuk, and V. Podlipaiev covers intellectual systems
for knowledge extraction and their applications for GIS. On the basis of analysis
of the text primary structure, which is formed during its lexical analysis, the pos-
sibilityisdeterminedandthemethodofstructuring naturallanguagetextswiththe
helpoftherecursivetextreductionprocedureusingtherulespresentedintheform
of lambda expressions is proposed. It is shown the possibility of dynamically
forming such rules by users without special training on the basis of the original
structure of the texts is already analyzed. An ontological model of an interactive
documentisproposed,whichisintendedtoanalyzetheresultsoftextstructuringby
theexpert.ThemodelofontologicalGISapplicationisaninteractivedocumentthat
allows using affine space to display geospatial information upon request. The
models of the interactive document and the ontological GIS application provide a
high representative level of information available in text documents (in particular,
geospatial). The method described in the chapter allows us to form a structured
representation of texts to provide the possibility the information processing
Preface vii
contained in the text by automatically or used computer-aided tools. The model of
transdisciplinary information representation implementation as an interactive doc-
ument function allows quick access to large arrays of thematic information, and in
combination with ontological GIS application it solves the problem of transdisci-
plinary representation of geospatial information.
Chapter Quality Control for Mobile Communication Management Services
in Hybrid Environment by L. Globa, M. Skulysh, O. Romanov, and
M.Nesterenkoinvestigatedthefeaturesofthequalitycontrolservicethatservicing
of flows in the mobile communication network. The integration of telecommuni-
cationssystemsandadistributedcomputingenvironmentallowstocreateaunified
hybridenvironmentfortelecommunicationsservices.Ithastheabilitytocontrolthe
processofinformationflowservicesateachstageandensurecompliancewithhigh
standardsofquality.Providingthequalityofservicetoend-usersofcommunication
networks depends on quality control at all stages of the provision of the service.
Today,thereisagrowingneedforwell-scalablecommunicationsystemsthatmeet
the needs of end-users due to dynamically changing service structure provided to
end-users and constantly changing requirements for service quality indicators with
thegrowthoftrafficvolumes.Ofparticularimportancearethemanagementsystems
of service. In this chapter, the features of quality control service, which controls
flowsofthemobilecommunicationnetwork,areinvestigatedwiththeuseofpartial
virtualization of network functions. An architectural solution is proposed for
organizing service streams in a hybrid environment. It includes a telecommunica-
tion network and cloud computing resources that provide servicing of virtualized
functions involved in the organization of service streams. The solution for
improving the PCRF system and some procedures that allow ensuring quality
controlofserviceflowsandcontrollingthecomputingresourcesofahybridsystem,
whose work affects the quality of servicing of service flows of the system, is
proposed.
In Improved Estimates for the Reliability Indicators of Information
and Communication Network Objects with Limited Source Information,
D. Mogylevych and I. Kononova present analytical relationships for quantitative
assessment of the lower and upper bounds of reliability indicators for telecom-
munication objects of two classes: a) objects with structural redundancy, in which
the connection time of backup elements is so small that it can be almost neglected
andb)objectswithstructuralandtemporaryredundancy,inwhichconnectiontime
isthefinal(usuallyrandom) quantity.Theanalysisoftheserelations allowedusto
distinguish functionals characterizing the reliability of the objects under consider-
ation, for which exact boundary values were determined. These results made it
possible to obtain two-sided assessments of the reliability indicators of the objects
of the above classes under conditions when information on the distribution func-
tionsoftheconnectiontimeofbackupelementsandtherecoverytimeislimitedby
knowledge of only two initial moments. An important case for practice is also
considered, when along with permanent refusals in the equipment of an object,
failuresmayalsooccur.Analyticalrelationshipshavebeenobtainedthatallowusto
viii Preface
calculate two-sided assessments of the reliability indicators of objects with struc-
tural and temporary redundancy, when equipment failures are taken into account
alongwithrefusals.Thischapterconcludeswithastatementoftheresultsthatallow
ustofindtwo-sidedassessmentsofthereliabilityindicatorsofsystemswithaserial
(in the sense of reliability) connection of objects when structural and temporary
redundancy is provided.
Part II Telecommunication Technologies and Research.
M. Ilchenko, S. Kravchuk, and M. Kaydenko (Combined Over-the-Horizon
Communication Systems) present the scientific and technical principles of con-
struction of new hybrid combined over-the-horizon communication systems with
the use of reference small-sized stations of tropospheric communication, relaying
intellectual aeroplatforms, and artificial formations. These principles are based on
the use of new technologies and software-defined and cognitive radio, cooperative
relaying, machine-to-machine, effective interaction system, hardware, and appli-
cation protocol levels.
In Prospects for the Development of Geostationary Satellite Communications
Systems in the World, T. Narytnyk and S. Kapshtyk are concerned with some
issues related to the current state and prospects of development of satellite com-
munication systems GEO in the context of the market of satellite communication
services and using in the space segment technical solutions. The design of
geostationary satellite systems using high-throughput satellites is considered. The
development features of systems with high-throughput satellites of various opera-
tors are shown. Special attention is paid to the use of high-throughput satellite
technologies in Intelsat Epic satellites for C and Ku bands. The advantages of
Intelsat Epic solutions are shown. Trends in the development of regular GSO
satellitesareconsidered.Thecombiningtendenciesofhigh-throughputandregular
satellites in one orbital position are shown.
L. Uryvsky, A. Moshynska, S. Osypchuk, and B. Shmigel (Comparison of
methods for determining noise immunity indicators of a multiservice transmis-
sion system) discuss an approach to analyze the factors that affect the wireless
communication line reliability and, as a result, the performance of communication
system. Features of productivity determination and bandwidth are described
through the characteristics of noise immunity. Using several methods for calcu-
latingtheprobabilityofasymbolandbiterrordataiscomparedandanalyzed.The
factors for increasing the noise immunity of a telecommunication system are
reviewed.Anewvectorphasemethodisproposedtoaccuratelydeterminethenoise
immunity of multiposition signals. The formulas proposed in the vector phase
method provide high accuracy and complete coincidence with the results of the
simulation using the proposed method.
In Research of the control algorithms for a state of duplex communication
channel in the conditions of multipath, L. Uryvsky, S. Osypchuk, and
V. Solyanikova, discussed some issues related to the features of the DVB-T2
Preface ix
standard technology, which are designed to provide high noise immunity to the
information transmission in duplex multiservice high-speed channels. The object
of the study is the influence of transformations used in DVB-T2 systems on the
noise immunity of communication line. The expediency of borrowing and trans-
ferringtoolsthatareusedinDVB-T2intoduplexcommunicationlineisconsidered
inordertoincreasethenoiseimmunityofthesystem.Theproposalsonincreasing
the noise immunity of the duplex communication line with the use of DVB-T2
standardtransformationsarepresented.Inthispaper,theparametercalculationofa
typical radio relay link is carried out and the adaptive encoding and modulation
scheme for a duplex transmission system based on a DVB-T2 MCS set are
developed. The channel models with fading are analyzed, and the choice of the
channel model and methods for calculating the noise immunity parameters using
the DVB-T2 technology are substantiated.
N.BiriukovandN.Triska(Timeandsynchronizationintelecoms)considered
some aspects related to the main principles and trends in the field of synchro-
nization intelecommunications.The presented approachisbased ontherespective
ITU-T research and standardization activities and authors’ own studies and aca-
demic subjects in the Institute of Telecommunication Systems of “Igor Sikorsky
Kyiv Polytechnic Institute.” A significant part of the results were obtained by the
authorsduringtheirworkattheUkrainianResearchInstituteofCommunications—
UNDIZ (Kyiv, Ukraine). The fundamental definitions of network synchronization
and transmission modes and actual requirements for frequency synchronization
(FS), phase (PS), and time of day (ToD) synchronization and their metrics are
analyzed. The relationships and limits of FS and PS characteristics are proposed.
They are based on the FS and PS conception indivisibility. Two-way precise time
protocol(PTP)isanalyzedsubjecttotimedelayrandomcomponentandfrequency
deviation. The analysis of both well known and new metrics evaluating the
synchronization accuracy was performed. The PTP time stamp exchange was
studied using the maximum likelihood method and minimal time interval errors.
Results and challenges for further study are summarized in the conclusion.
Part III RadioElectronics Technologies and Research.
Chapter Software defined radio in Communications by M. Kaidenko and
D. Roskoshnyi covers software-defined radio (SDR) systems and their usage in
telecommunications.The presentedresultsarebased on relevantstudies of authors
conducted at the Institute of Telecommunication Systems of “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv
Polytechnic Institute.” Features of the modern SDR systems were analyzed. The
architecture of SDR system that is based on the architecture of communication
software was substantiated. The architecture that is oriented on the realization of
cognitiveradiosystemwasproposed.ThecreationprocessofSDRsystembasedon
SDRtransceiverandtechnologiesofsystemonchip(SoC)usingmodernmeansof
software-oriented modeling were described in detail. The variants of interaction
between processor cores and programmable logic in SoC during creation of SDR
