Advances in Graves' Disease and Other Hyperthyroid Disorders

287 Pages·2013·2.498 MB·English

by  Elaine A. Moore, Lisa Marie Moore

Advances in Graves’
Disease and Other
Hyperthyroid
Disorders
MCFARLAND HEALTH TOPICS SERIES
Living with Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: Narratives of Coping.
Gail McCormick. 2001
Graves’ Disease: A Practical Guide.
Elaine A. Moore with Lisa Moore. 2001
Autoimmune Diseases and Their Environmental Triggers.
Elaine A. Moore. 2002
Hepatitis: Causes, Treatments and Resources.
Elaine A. Moore. 2006
Arthritis: A Patient’s Guide.
Sharon E. Hohler. 2008
The Promise of Low Dose Naltrexone Therapy: Potential Benefits
in Cancer, Autoimmune, Neurological and Infectious Disorders.
Elaine A. Moore and Samantha Wilkinson. 2009
Living with HIV: A Patient’s Guide.
Mark Cichocki, RN. 2009
Understanding Multiple Chemical Sensitivity:
Causes, Effects, Personal Experiences and Resources.
Els Valkenburg. 2010
Type 2 Diabetes: Social and Scientific Origins, Medical
Complications and Implications for Patients and Others.
Andrew Kagan, M.D. 2010
The Amphetamine Debate: The Use of Adderall,
Ritalin and Related Drugs for Behavior Modification,
Neuroenhancement and Anti- Aging Purposes.
Elaine A. Moore. 2011
CCSVI as the Cause of Multiple Sclerosis: The Science
Behind the Controversial Theory. Marie A. Rhodes. 2011
Coping with Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Guide
for Families, 2d ed. Cheryl A. Roberts. 2011
Living with Insomnia: A Guide to Causes, Effects
and Management, with Personal Accounts.
Phyllis L. Brodsky and Allen Brodsky. 2011
Caregiver’s Guide: Care for Yourself While You Care
for Your Loved Ones. Sharon E. Hohler. 2012
You and Your Doctor: A Guide to a Healing Relationship,
with Physicians’ Insights. Tania Heller, M.D. 2012
Autogenic Training: A Mind-Body Approach to the
Treatment of Chronic Pain Syndrome and
Stress-Related Disorders, 2d ed. Micah R. Sadigh. 2012
Advances in Graves’ Disease and
Other Hyperthyroid Disorders
Elaine A. Moore with Lisa Marie Moore. 2013
Advances in Graves’
Disease and Other
Hyperthyroid
Disorders
ELAINE A. MOORE and
LISA MARIE MOORE
MCFARLAND HEALTH TOPICS SERIES
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers
Jefferson, North Carolina, and London
ALSO BY ELAINE A. MOORE
The Amphetamine Debate: The Use of Adderall, Ritalin and Related Drugs
for Behavior Modification, Neuroenhancement and Anti-Aging Purposes(2011)
• Hepatitis: Causes, Treatments and Resources (2006) • Autoimmune Diseases
and Their Environmental Triggers(2002)
BY ELAINE A. MOORE ANDLISA MOORE
Encyclopedia of Alzheimer’s Disease; With Directories of Research, Treatment
and Care Facilities, 2d ed. (2012)• Encyclopedia of Sexually Transmitted Dis-
eases(2005; paperback 2009) • Graves’ Disease: A Practical Guide(2001)
BY ELAINE A. MOORE ANDSAMANTHA WILKINSON
The Promise of Low Dose Naltrexone Therapy: Potential Benefits in Cancer,
Autoimmune, Neurological and Infectious Disorders(2009)
ALL FROM MCFARLAND
The information in this book is provided for educational purposes only.
It is not intended as a substitute for medical treatment. The procedures
and therapies described in this book should be discussed with a medical
practitioner before being used.
LIBRARYOFCONGRESSCATALOGUING-IN-PUBLICATIONDATA
Moore, Elaine A., 1948– author.
Advances in Graves’ disease and other hyperthyroid
d isorders / Elaine A. Moore and Lisa Marie Moore.
pages cm. — (Mcfarland health topics series)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-7864-7189-8
softcover : acid free paper
1. Graves’ disease—Popular works. I. Moore, Lisa,
1973– author. II. Title.
RC657.5.G7M664 2013
616.4'43—dc23 2013035698
BRITISHLIBRARYCATALOGUINGDATAAREAVAILABLE
© 2013 Elaine A. Moore and Lisa Marie Moore.
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying
or recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system,
without permission in writing from the publisher.
On the cover: scanning of a thyroid (iStockphoto/Thinkstock)
Manufactured in the United States of America
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers
Box 611, Jefferson, North Carolina 28640
www.mcfarlandpub.com
To Rick, Brooklyn, and Eli
Acknowledgments
I’m indebted to my daughter, Lisa Marie Moore, for agreeing to
work with me on this project, and to Marv Miller for his insightful
illustrations.
Thanks also to Valerie Sosnow for teaching me about the new
sen sory therapies used to treat hyperthyroidism indirectly, and to Mar-
ian Dyer for her careful proofreading and suggestions. Thanks also to
Doctors Burch and Stewart for providing me with copies of their pub-
lications. At this time I’d also like to thank Lisa Reynolds for her gen-
erosity in sharing photos and to my thyroid friends from around the
world who keep me in the game, especially Jody, Lolly, Doris, and Judy.
Thanks also to the many visitors to my website who keep me con -
nected to and intrigued by the subject of hyperthyroidism.—E.A.M.
vi
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1. Hyperthyroidism and Its Signs and Symptoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2. Causes of Hyperthyroidism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3. Graves’ Disease: When the Autoimmune Response
Goes Awry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4. Genetic and Environmental Factors and Influences . . . . . . . . . . . 69
5. Coexisting Conditions in Graves’ Disease and
Hyperthyroidism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
6. Diagnosing Hyperthyroidism and Graves’ Disease . . . . . . . . . . 106
7. Conventional Treatment Options for Hyperthyroidism . . . . . . . 131
8. Complementary and Alternative Treatments for
Hyperthyroidism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
9. Hyperthyroidism in Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period . . . . 187
10. Hyperthyroidism in Children and Adolescents . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
11. Graves’ Ophthalmopathy and Other Extrathyroidal
Manifestations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
vii
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Preface
In Advances in Graves’ Disease and Other Hyperthyroid DisordersI describe
the various disorders of hyperthyroidism along with their causes, diagnoses,
and treatments based on current guidelines and recommendations of the
American Thyroid Association, American Association of Clinical Endocri-
nologists, and the Endocrine Society.
In addition, I describe the special concerns of hyperthyroidism in preg-
nancy and in children and adolescents. I also explain the relationship of hyper-
thyroidism with other disorders, including nodular disease and vitamin B12
deficiency, and I describe the extrathyroidal manifestations of Graves’ disease
such as Graves’ ophthalmopathy, euthyroid Graves’ disease, pretibial myxe -
dema, and thyroid acropachy.
In other chapters I describe the environmental and genetic causes of
hyperthyroidism, the role of diet in both contributing to and treating hyper-
thyroidism, and the role that alternative and complementary medicine play
in the healing process. While my focus is on new treatment trends, genetic
mutations that cause hyperthyroidism, the autoimmune process in Graves’
disease, and other pertinent discoveries, I also describe new research pathways
and future treatments as well as basic information. For instance, I explain
how iodine can cause both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism and I
describe the discovery of goitrogens in the 1940s and the application of goitro-
genic properties in today’s anti-thyroid drug therapies.
As an educator and laboratory consultant, I am frequently asked for
information on hyperthyroidism and laboratory tests. Thus, another of my
goals was to address the facets of hyperthyroidism and its causes and treatments
that most often confuse patients. My expertise is in the clinical laboratory, and
I also emphasized (and attempted to clarify) the sometimes confusing role
thyroid function and thyroid antibody tests play in predicting one’s clinical
course.—E.A.M.
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