Advances in Chemical Physics, Advances in Chemical Physics (Volume 156)

531 Pages·2014·9.934 MB·English

by  Stuart A. Rice, Aaron R. Dinner

1.3125 in
The cutting edge of research in chemical physics Advances in Chemical Physics
Volume 156
Stuart A. Rice and Aaron R. Dinner, Series Editors
The Advances in Chemical Physics series is dedicated to reviewing new and
emerging topics as well as the latest developments in traditional areas of study
in the field of chemical physics. Each volume features detailed comprehensive
analyses coupled with individual points of view that integrate the many disciplines Rice Advances
in
of science that are needed for a full understanding of chemical physics. Dinner
Volume 156 of Advances in Chemical Physics features seven expertly written
contributions:
A Chemical
• Phase Space Approach to Solving the Schrödinger Equation:
Thinking Inside the Box d
• Entropy-Driven Phase Transitions in Colloids: From Spheres to
v
Anisotropic Particles
a
• Sub-nano Clusters: The Last Frontier of Inorganic Chemistry Physics
n
• Supercooled Liquids and Glasses by Dielectric Relaxation
c
Spectroscopy
e
• Confined Fluids: Structure, Properties, and Phase Behavior
s
• Theories and Quantum Chemical Calculations of Linear and

Sum-frequency Generation Spectroscopies, and Intramolecular i Volume 156
n
Vibrational Redistribution and Density Matrix Treatment of

Ultrafast Dynamics
C
• On the Kramers Very Low Damping Escape Rate for Point Particles h
and Classical Spins
e
Reviews published in Advances in Chemical Physics are typically longer than m
those published in journals, providing the space needed for readers to fully grasp
the topic, the fundamentals as well as the latest discoveries, applications, and i
emerging avenues of research. Extensive cross-referencing enables readers to c
explore the primary research studies underlying each topic. a
l
STUART A. RICE received his master’s degree and doctorate from Harvard
P
University and was a junior fellow at Harvard for 2 years before joining the faculty
of The University of Chicago in 1957, where he is currently the Frank P. Hixon h
Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus.
y
AARON R. DINNER received his bachelor’s degree and doctorate from Harvard s Edited by
University, after which he conducted postdoctoral research at the University of i
c
Oxford and the University of California, Berkeley. He joined the faculty at The Stuart A. Rice
University of Chicago in 2003. s
Aaron R. Dinner
Subscribe to our free Chemistry eNewsletter at Cover Image: Courtesy of the author
wiley.com/enewsletters
www.wiley.com
Also available
as an e-book

ADVANCESINCHEMICALPHYSICS
VOLUME156
EDITORIAL BOARD
KURT BINDER, Condensed Matter Theory Group, Institut Fu¨r Physik, Johannes
Gutenberg-Universita¨t,Mainz,Germany
WILLIAM T. COFFEY, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Printing
House,TrinityCollege,Dublin,Ireland
KARL F. FREED, Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, University of
Chicago,Chicago,IllinoisUSA
DAANFRENKEL, DepartmentofChemistry,TrinityCollege,UniversityofCambridge,
Cambridge,UnitedKingdom
PIERREGASPARD, CenterforNonlinearPhenomenaandComplexSystems,Universite´
LibredeBruxelles,Brussels,Belgium
MARTINGRUEBELE, DepartmentsofPhysicsandChemistry,CenterforBiophysicsand
ComputationalBiology,UniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign,Urbana,Illinois
USA
GERHARDHUMMER, Theoretical Biophysics Section, NIDDK-National Institutes of
Health,Bethesda,MarylandUSA
RONNIEKOSLOFF, DepartmentofPhysicalChemistry,InstituteofChemistryandFritz
HaberCenterforMolecularDynamics,TheHebrewUniversityofJerusalem,Israel
KAYEELEE, DepartmentofChemistry,JamesFranckInstitute,UniversityofChicago,
Chicago,IllinoisUSA
TODDJ.MARTINEZ, Department of Chemistry, Photon Science, Stanford University,
Stanford,CaliforniaUSA
SHAULMUKAMEL, DepartmentofChemistry,SchoolofPhysicalSciences,University
ofCalifornia,Irvine,CaliforniaUSA
JOSEN.ONUCHIC, DepartmentofPhysics,CenterforTheoreticalBiologicalPhysics,
RiceUniversity,Houston,TexasUSA
STEPHENQUAKE, DepartmentofBioengineering,StanfordUniversity,PaloAlto,Cal-
iforniaUSA
MARKRATNER, DepartmentofChemistry,NorthwesternUniversity,Evanston,Illinois
USA
DAVIDREICHMAN, Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York City,
NewYorkUSA
GEORGESCHATZ, DepartmentofChemistry,NorthwesternUniversity,Evanston,Illi-
noisUSA
STEVENJ.SIBENER, Department ofChemistry,James FranckInstitute,Universityof
Chicago,Chicago,IllinoisUSA
ANDREITOKMAKOFF, DepartmentofChemistry,JamesFranckInstitute,Universityof
Chicago,Chicago,IllinoisUSA
DONALDG.TRUHLAR, DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofMinnesota,Minneapo-
lis,MinnesotaUSA
JOHNC.TULLY, DepartmentofChemistry,YaleUniversity,NewHaven,Connecticut,
USA
ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL
PHYSICS
VOLUME156
EditedBy
STUARTA.RICE
DepartmentofChemistry
and
TheJamesFranckInstitute,
TheUniversityofChicago,
Chicago,Illinois
AARONR.DINNER
DepartmentofChemistry
and
TheJamesFranckInstitute,
TheUniversityofChicago,
Chicago,Illinois
Copyright©2015byJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
PublishedbyJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,Hoboken,NewJersey.
PublishedsimultaneouslyinCanada.
Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyform
orbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanning,orotherwise,exceptas
permittedunderSection107or108ofthe1976UnitedStatesCopyrightAct,withouteithertheprior
writtenpermissionofthePublisher,orauthorizationthroughpaymentoftheappropriateper-copyfee
totheCopyrightClearanceCenter,Inc.,222RosewoodDrive,Danvers,MA01923,[phone],
fax[phone],oronthewebatwww.copyright.com.RequeststothePublisherforpermission
shouldbeaddressedtothePermissionsDepartment,JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,111RiverStreet,
Hoboken,NJ07030,[phone],fax[phone],oronlineat
http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarranty:Whilethepublisherandauthorhaveusedtheirbestefforts
inpreparingthisbook,theymakenorepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespecttotheaccuracyor
completenessofthecontentsofthisbookandspecificallydisclaimanyimpliedwarrantiesof
merchantabilityorfitnessforaparticularpurpose.Nowarrantymaybecreatedorextendedbysales
representativesorwrittensalesmaterials.Theadviceandstrategiescontainedhereinmaynotbe
suitableforyoursituation.Youshouldconsultwithaprofessionalwhereappropriate.Neitherthe
publishernorauthorshallbeliableforanylossofprofitoranyothercommercialdamages,including
butnotlimitedtospecial,incidental,consequential,orotherdamages.
Forgeneralinformationonourotherproductsandservicesorfortechnicalsupport,pleasecontact
ourCustomerCareDepartmentwithintheUnitedStatesat(800)762-2974,outsidetheUnitedStates
at(317)572-3993orfax(317)572-4002.
Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprint
maynotbeavailableinelectronicformats.FormoreinformationaboutWileyproducts,visitourweb
siteatwww.wiley.com.
LibraryofCongressCatalogNumber:58-9935
ISBN:978-1-118-94969-6
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 156
AnastassiaN.Alexandrova, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
ofCalifornia,LosAngeles,CA,90095-1569,USA
Louis-S.Bouchard, CaliforniaNanoSystemsInstitute,LosAngeles,CA,90095,USA
Declan J. Byrne, School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4,
Ireland
WilliamT.Coffey, DepartmentofElectronicandElectricalEngineering,TrinityCollege,
Dublin2,Ireland
MarjoleinDijkstra, SoftCondensedMattergroup,DebyeInstituteforNanomaterials
Science,UtrechtUniversity,Princetonplein5,3584CCUtrecht,TheNetherlands
WilliamJ.Dowling, DepartmentofElectronicandElectricalEngineering,TrinityCol-
lege,Dublin2,Ireland
M.Hayashi, CondensedMatterCenter,NationalTaiwanUniversity,Taipei,Taiwan
YuriP.Kalmykov, LaboratoiredeMathe`matiquesetPhysique,Universite`dePerpignan
ViaDomitia,54,AvenuePaulAlduy,F-66860Perpignan,France
C.K.Lin, CondensedMatterCenter,NationalTaiwanUniversity,Taipei,Taiwan
S.H.Lin, Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu,
Taiwan
G. Ali Mansoori, Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago,
Chicago,IL60607-7052,USA
Y.L.Niu, TheStateKeyLaboratoryofMolecularReactionDynamics,InstituteofChem-
istry,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing,China
RankoRichert, DepartmentofChemistryandBiochemistry,ArizonaStateUniversity,
Tempe,AZ,85287-1604,USA
StuartA.Rice, DepartmentofChemistryandtheJamesFranckInstitute,TheUniversity
ofChicago,Chicago,IL60637,USA
Asaf Shimshovitz, Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science,
Rehovot,76100Israel
Norio Takemoto, Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science,
Rehovot,76100Israel
David J. Tannor, Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science,
Rehovot,76100Israel
v
vi CONTRIBUTORSTOVOLUME156
Serguey V. Titov, Kotel’nikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of the
Russian Academy of Sciences, Vvedenskii Square 1, Fryazino, Moscow Region,
141190,RussianFederation
L.Yang, Institute of Theoretical and Simulation Chemistry, Academy of Fundamental
andInterdisciplinaryScience,HarbinInstituteofTechnology,Harbin,China
C.Y.Zhu, DepartmentofAppliedChemistry,NationalChiao-TungUniversity,Hsinchu,
Taiwan
PREFACE TO THE SERIES
Advances in science often involve initial development of individual specialized
fieldsofstudywithintraditionaldisciplinesfollowedbybroadeningandoverlap,
or even merging, of those specialized fields, leading to a blurring of the lines
between traditional disciplines. The pace of that blurring has accelerated in the
last few decades, and much of the important and exciting research carried out
todayseekstosynthesizeelementsfromdifferentfieldsofknowledge.Examples
ofsuchresearchareasincludebiophysicsandstudiesofnanostructuredmaterials.
As the study of the forces that govern the structure and dynamics of molecular
systems,chemicalphysicsencompassestheseandmanyotheremergingresearch
directions.Unfortunately,thefloodofscientificliteraturehasbeenaccompanied
by losses in the shared vocabulary and approaches of the traditional disciplines,
andthereismuchpressurefromscientificjournalstobeevermoreconciseinthe
descriptionsofstudies,tothepointthatmuchvaluableexperience,ifrecordedat
all, is hidden in supplements and dissipated with time. These trends in science
and publishing make this series, Advances in Chemical Physics, a much needed
resource.
The Advances in Chemical Physics is devoted to helping the reader obtain
generalinformationaboutawidevarietyoftopicsinchemicalphysics,afieldthat
we interpret very broadly. Our intent is to have experts present comprehensive
analyses of subjects of interest and to encourage the expression of individual
pointsofview.Wehopethatthisapproachtothepresentationofanoverviewofa
subjectwillbothstimulatenewresearchandserveasapersonalizedlearningtext
forbeginnersinafield.
StuartA.Rice
AaronR.Dinner
vii