Table Of ContentAdvances in Ceramic Matrix
Composites XI
Advances in Ceramic Matrix
Composites XI
Ceramic Transactions Volume 175
Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting
of The American Ceramic Society,
Baltimore, Maryland, USA (2005)
Editors
Narottam P. Bansal
J.R Singh
Waltraud M. Kriven
Published by
The American Ceramic Society
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Westerville, Ohio 43081
www.ceramics.org
Advances in Ceramic Matrix Composites XI
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IV Advances in Ceramic Matrix Composites XI
Contents
Preface ix
Ceramic Fibers
Poly[(Alkylamino)Borazine]-Derived Boron Nitride Fibers for Composite Applications 3
Samuel Bernard, Sylvain Duperrier, Fernand Chassagneux, David Cornu, and Philippe Miele
Processing
Multilayered Materials by ICV1 in Non-Oxide Self-Healing Ceramic Matrix
Composites for High Temperature Applications 13
L. Vandenbulcke
Processing of Oxide/Oxide Composite Components for Efficient Energy
7
Conversion Applications 2
Cengiz Kaya
From Polysaccharides to SiSiC Composites by 3D Printing* 37
Nahum Travitzky, Katrin Zimmermann, Reinhold Melcher, and Peter Greil
Characterization
Ultrasonic NDE of Reaction Bonded Ceramics 49
P.G. Karandikar and M.K .Aghajanian
On the Use of Digital Image Correlation to Analyze the Mechanical Properties 3
of Brittle Matrix Composites 6
François Hild, Jean-Noël Périé, Jacques Lamon,and Matthieu Puyo-Pain
Multiscale X-Ray CMT of C/C Composite Preforms: A Tool for Properties Assessment* 77
O. Coindreau, G.L. Vignoles, and J.-M. Goyheneche
Microstructural Investigations of Reinforcing Materials in Zinc Phosphate Composites 85
Charles A. Weiss, Jr., Humberto Benitez, Melvin C. Sykes, and Philip G. Malone
Oxide Composites
High-Temperature Thermal Conductivity of Alumina-Reinforced Zirconia Composites 95
Narottam P. Bansal and Dongming Zhu
Dielectric Behavior in Ni^CoQ^Mn^Fe^O^g+PZT Composites 107
S.V. Suryanarayana, S. Narendra Babu, and T. Bhimasankaram
Advances in Ceramic Matrix Composites XI v
Mechanical Properties
Interlaminar Tension/Shear Properties and Stress Rupture in Shear of Various
Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composites 119
Sung R. Choi and Narottam P. Bansal
Fatigue Behavior of Nextel™720/Alumina (N720/A) Continuous Fiber Ceramic
Composite - Effects of Temperature and Steam Environment 135
C. A. Eber, M.B. Ruggles-Wrenn, and S. Mall
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Polymer-Derived Al 0 -SiC
2 3
Micro-Nano Composites 151
Du§a n Galusek, Jaroslav Sedlâôek, and Ralf Riedel
High Temperature Creep of Yttria Tetragonal Zirconia Nanocrystals: The Role of
Yttrium Segregation at the Grain Boundaries 161
C. Lorenzo, D. Gomez, A. Dominguez, and J. Routbort
Creep-Rupture Behavior of Nextel™720/Alumina (N720/A) Continuous Fiber Ceramic
Composite - Effects of Temperature and Steam Environment 169
L.B. Harlan, M.B. Ruggles-Wrenn, and S. Mall
Damage Morphology of C/C-SiC Composites Under Impact Tests 181
V.K. Srivastava
Geopolymers and Geopolymer Matrix Composites
On Mix Compositions of Fly Ash Based Inorganic Polymeric Materials 19
Peijiang Sun and Hwai-Chung Wu 1
Nanostructural Design of Multifunctional Geopolymeric Materials 203
Peter Duxson, Grant C. Lukey, and J.S.J. van Deventer
Thermal Conversion and Microstructural Evaluation of Geopolymers or
"Alkali Bonded Ceramics" (ABCs) 215
M. Gordon, J. Bell, and W.M. Kriven
Disposition of Water in Metakaolinite Based Geopolymers 225
D.S. Perera, E.R. Vance, K.S. Finnie, M.G. Blackford, J. V. Hanna, D.J. Cassidy,
and C.L. Nicholson
High-Temperature Deformation of a Geopolymer 237
F. Gutierrez-Mora, A. Dominguez-Rodriguez, K.C. Goretta, D. Singh, J.L. Routbort,
G.C. Lukey, and J.S.J. van Deventer
Modeling Si/Al Ordering in Metakaolin-Based Geopolymers 245
John L. Provis, Peter Duxson, Grant C. Lukey, and Jannie S.J. van Deventer
vi Advances in Ceramic Matrix Composites XI
Matrix and Interphase Design of Geopolymer Composites 253
Balakrishnan Nair, Qiang Zhao,Tina Rahimian, Reid F. Cooper,
and Perumalsamy N. Balaguru
Index 265
* This paper was presented at the 29th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and
Composites, Cocoa Beach, FL, January 23-28,2005
Advances in Ceramic Matrix Composites XI vii
Preface
Advanced structural materials are needed for high-temperature applications in industries such as aerospace,
power generation, and transportation. Ceramic-matrix composites are strong, tough, environmentally stable,
light in weight, and have the ability to withstand high operating temperatures. This makes them viable candi-
date materials for high temperature structural applications.
An international symposium on recent advances in ceramic-matrix composites and geopolymers was held dur-
ing the 107th Annual Meeting, Exposition, and Technology Fair of The American Ceramic Society at
Baltimore Marriott Waterfront, Baltimore, MD April 10-13, 2005. The objective of this symposium was to pro-
vide an international forum for scientists, engineers, and technologists to discuss and exchange ideas on state-
of-the-art ceramic-matrix composites and geopolymers. A total of 52 papers, including invited talks, oral pre-
sentations, and posters were presented indicating continued interest in the scientifically and technologically in
these important fields.
Researchers from 15 countries (Australia, China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, South
Korea, Slovakia, Spain, Taiwan, United Kingdom., Ukraine, and the United States) participated which reflects
the international nature of this symposium. The speakers represented universities, industry, and government
research laboratories.
These proceedings contain contributions on various aspects of ceramic-matrix composites and geopolymers
that were discussed at the symposium. Twenty two papers describing the latest developments in the areas of
ceramic fibers, processing and fabrication, characterization, oxide and non-oxide composites, mechanical
behavior, fiber-matrix interface, geopolymers and geopolymer composites, etc. are included in this volume.
The editors wish to extend their gratitude and appreciation to the authors for their cooperation and contribu-
tions, to the session chairs for their time and efforts in keeping the sessions on schedule, and to the reviewers
for their useful comments and suggestions; without the contributions of all involved, this volume would not
have been possible. Financial support from the Engineering Ceramics Division and the American Ceramic
Society is gratefully acknowledged. Thanks are due to the staff of the meetings and publications departments
of The American Ceramic Society for their invaluable assistance and for efficiently coordinating the review of
the manuscripts.
It is our earnest hope that this volume will serve as a valuable reference for the engineers, scientists, and other
technical people interested in different aspects of ceramic-matrix composites and geopolymers.
Narottam P. Bansal
J. P. Singh
Waltraud M. Kriven
Advances in Ceramic Matrix Composites XI IX
Advances in Ceramic Matrix Composites XI
Edited by Narottam P. Bansal, J.P. Singh and Waltraud M. Kriven
Copyright © 2006. The American Ceramic Society
Ceramic Fibers
To the extent authorized under the laws of the United States of America, all copyright interests in this publication are the property o Tfhe American Ceramic Society.
Any duplication, reproduction, or republication of this publication or any par tthereof, without the express written consent of The American Ceramic Society or fee
paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, is prohibited.
POLY[(ALKYLAMINO)BORAZINE]-DERIVED BORON NITRIDE FIBERS FOR COMPOSITE
APPLICATIONS
Samuel Bernard*, Sylvain Duperrier, Fernand Chassagneux, David Cornu, and Philippe Miele
Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces (UMR CNRS 5615)
University Claude Bernard - Lyon 1
43Bddu 11 novembre 1918
Villeurbanne, France, 69622
ABSTRACT
A series of experimental boron nitride (BN) fibers were prepared from a B-
alkylaminoborazine-based polymer (=poly[(methylamino)borazine]) according to the Polymer-
Derived Ceramic (PDC) route. The polymer was melt-spun in N into mono- and multifilaments,
2
prior the curing of the resulting green fibers in NH3 at 400°C and the subsequent pyrolysis of the as-
cured fibers in NH (1000°C), then N up to 1800°C to generate BN fibers. It was established that the
3 2
melt-spinning operation could deliver BN fibers with different microtexture/microstructure, and
therefore with different mechanical behavior depending on the spinning parameters. The relationship
between mechanical properties and fiber microtexture/microstructure could be studied in the present
paper. Melt-spinning operation into multifilaments provided either low-modulus fibers with a
featureless cross-sectional microtexture as glassy-like materials or fibers with a microtextural skin-
core heterogeneity decreasing the fiber strength. The disordered microstructure of low-modulus BN
fibers consisted of disoriented nanosized grains mixed in an amorphous matrix. In contrast, the melt-
spinning operation into monofilament produced high-modulus fibers with a coarse-grained
microtexture. In such samples, the extended grains were ordered along the fiber-axis increasing the
crack propagation along the cleavage basal planes, and therefore decreasing the failure strain of
fibers.
INTRODUCTION
Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) represents an advanced ceramic material with a layer
anisotropic structure and attractive properties such as high stiffness and toughness along the basal
layers. It also exhibits a good oxidative resistance up to T - 1000°C, a good thermal stability up to T
~ 2500°C in an inert atmosphere and a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) along the basal
layers.1 Based on these properties, h-BN should be promising for preparing continuous fiber-
reinforced ceramic-matrix composites (CFCCs) intended for high temperature applications. For
CFCCs fabrication, high-modulus and strength oxidation resistant fibers with small diameter are
required. Additionally, reinforcing fibers must be capable of retaining the structure, stiffness and
strength under processing (matrix deposition) and service conditions. Keeping these in view, the
preparation of a new generation of BN fibers-reinforced BN composites appears to be an excellent
opportunity to replace the traditional carbon/carbon (C/C) composites which are very sensitive to
oxidative and hydrolytic environment above 400°C. In addition, BN/BN composites could be used in
radiation-transparent structures (low dielectric constant of h-BN) as well as in aerospace applications
requiring, among others, ultra-light weight in accordance with its low density (2.27) compared with
that of SiC or oxide-based materials, for example.2 Above all, the layered structure of h-BN as
Advances in Ceramic Matrix Composites XI 3
