Table Of ContentGIScience and Geo-environmental Modelling
Atiqur Rahman · Shouraseni Sen Roy ·
Swapan Talukdar · Shahfahad Editors
Advancements
in Urban
Environmental
Studies
Application of Geospatial Technology and
Artificial Intelligence in Urban Studies
GIScience and Geo-environmental
Modelling
Series Editors
Biswajeet Pradhan, School of Information, System and Modelling,
University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Pravat Kumar Shit , Postgraduate Department of Geography,
Raja Narendra Lal Khan Women’s College (Autonomous),
Midnapore, West Bengal, India
Gouri Sankar Bhunia , GIS, Randstad India Private Ltd, New Delhi, India
ParthaPratimAdhikary ,GroundwaterManagement,ICARIndianInstitute
of Water Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Hamid Reza Pourghasemi, Department of Natural Resources
and Environmental Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
The “GIScience and Geo-environmental Modelling” book series seeks to
publishabroadportfolioofscientificbooksaddressingtheinterfacebetween
geography and the environment. The aim of the book series is to present
geospatial technology approaches to data mining techniques, data analytics,
modeling, risk assessment, visualization, and management strategies. The
series includes peer-reviewed monographs, edited volumes, textbooks, and
conference proceedings. The focus of Geo-environmental is on geospatial
modelling in the frontier area of earth-environment related fields, such as
urban and peri-urban environmental issues, ecology, hydrology, basin
management, geohazards, estuarine-ecology, groundwater, agriculture, cli-
mate change, land-water, and forest resources, and related topics.
Geo-environmental modelling techniques have enjoyed an overwhelming
interestinrecentdecadesamongtheearthenvironmentalandsocialsciences
research communities for their powerful ability to solve and understand
variouscomplexproblemsanddevelopnovelapproachestowardsustainable
earth and human society. Geo-environmental modelling using data mining,
machinelearning,andcloudcomputingtechnologyisfocusedonspatiotem-
poral data analysis and modeling for sustainability in our environment.
Atiqur Rahman (cid:129) Shouraseni Sen Roy (cid:129)
Swapan Talukdar (cid:129) Shahfahad
Editors
Advancements in Urban
Environmental Studies
Application of Geospatial
Technology and Artificial
Intelligence in Urban Studies
123
Editors
Atiqur Rahman ShouraseniSen Roy
Department ofGeography Department ofGeography
Faculty of NaturalSciences andSustainable Development
Jamia Millia Islamia University of Miami
NewDelhi, Delhi, India CoralGables, FL,USA
SwapanTalukdar Shahfahad
Department ofGeography Department ofGeography
Faculty of NaturalSciences Faculty of NaturalSciences
Jamia Millia Islamia Jamia Millia Islamia
NewDelhi, Delhi, India NewDelhi, Delhi, India
ISSN 2730-7506 ISSN 2730-7514 (electronic)
GIScience andGeo-environmental Modelling
ISBN978-3-031-21586-5 ISBN978-3-031-21587-2 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21587-2
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Dedicated to
Our Teachers Who Make it Possible
to Reach us, Where We are Today
Foreword
As per United Nations Development Program (UNDP) about 55 per cent
oftheworld'spopulation(*4billionpeople)liveinurbanareasandnearly
2 billion more people are expected to migrate to the cities by 2030, putting
unprecedentedstrainontheinfrastructure,environmentandnaturalresources
in urban landscape. The scale and pace of urbanisation, as well as demo-
graphic change, pose direct threats to the urban system, challenging the
efficiency of essential services and, most importantly, jeopardising the
environmental quality. Urban environmental issues have become crucial in
the twenty-first century for sustainable development. Today space based
remote sensing is playing an important role for assessing many components
of the urban environment and ecosystem cycles through measurements,
monitoring, and modelling. The remote sensing technique has emerged as a
new frontier in the urban studies. With the advancement in geospatial tech-
nology during recent past in terms of speed of data collection, resolution of
sensorsandaccessibilityhasmadeitpossibletounderstandvariousfacetsof
urban systems. It has made us to monitor the dynamics of urban systems,
such as urban landscape pattern and urban sprawl, urban environment and
ecology,urbanmorphology,urbandesign,etc.Furthergeospatialtechnology
together with artificial intelligence (AI) based machine leaning and deep
learningtechniqueshasmadeitpossibletoanalyseandmodelvariousfacets
of urban environment at various scales across various disciplines.
I am delighted to introduce this book volume on Advances in Urban
Studies-Application of Geospatial Technology and Artificial Intelligence in
Urban Studies. The book contains twenty-eight research papers compiled as
chapters, contributed by the experts of various disciplines across the globe.
These papers are technically sound and focused on the application of
geospatial techniques and AI for urban environmental management. The
primary goal of this book is to improve the coordination of urban observa-
tions, monitoring forecasting, and assessment initiatives; to generate
up-to-date information on the status and development of urban systems at
various scales; to fill existing gaps in integrating urban land observations
with various urban ancillary datasets; and to develop innovative ideas and
techniques like machine learning and deep learning to support effective and
sustainable urban development.
Inthisregard,thecurrentinitiativeissociallyandscientificallysignificant
in the context of large scale urban transformation and climate change. I am
glad that the editors have the foresight and energy to bring out this book
vii
viii Foreword
volume on such an important topic. It supports rigorous research efforts,
advancesknowledgeabouttheurbanenvironmentandencouragestheuseof
contemporary approaches to deal with potential threats to the urban
environment.
Dr. Prakash Chauhan, Director
National Remote Sensing Centre (ISRO)
Government of India
Hyderabad, India
Preface
Urbanisationhasincreasedworldwideduringthelast50years,leadingtoan
increase in urban population and land utilization as well as the transforma-
tion of urban and peri-urban land use pattern. Urban areas are predicted to
account for almost all the world's overall population growth between 2000
and 2030. In developing countries, the urban population is predicted to rise
significantly by 2030. Urban regions are becoming more significant for
present and future human population.
Increasing urbanization has had global, regional, and local consequences
onland useandlandcover.Urbanization causes considerablelandscapeand
environmentalchangesinmostcities.Urbanlandusesturnnaturalareasinto
impermeable surfaces. These changes affect the environment by affecting
surface temperature, soil moisture content, and vegetation coverage.
More rural lands are converted to urban lands as more people move to
cities.Understandinghowtheseenvironmentalchangeswillaffectourliving
situations and the ecosystem is critical. In the last 20 years, advances in
satellite remote sensing technology and newly deployed satellites have
shown the prospect of effectively monitoring environmental conditions in
many urban areas. Furthermore, since the debut of Landsat in the 1980s,
numerous satellite sensors, such as Landsat TM and ETM+, have been
routinelycapturingdataforextensiveareasoftheglobe.Consequently,arich
archiveisavailableforassessingandmonitoringurbanlandcoverchangesat
local and regional scales. Furthermore, urban remote sensing has aided our
knowledge of the biophysical features, pattern, and processes characterizing
urbanenvironments.Withthesedecadesofobservations,remotesensingdata
for urban regions is becoming more relevant for many physical models of
climatic, hydrological, and ecological processes that show how urban areas
interact with local, regional, and even the global environment.
With 28 chapters, this book provides a comprehensive and detailed
overview of the development and advancements in urban environment
evaluation utilizing remote sensing datasets as well as application of GIS
tool.The latest researchinthis fieldhasbeencombined tobetterunderstand
the many current geospatial and artificial intelligence technologies for
studying urban systems and predicting environmental changes. Current
satellite observation capabilities, the use of remote sensing data to describe
the metropolitan size and land cover, and satellite-derived data applications
for urban environmental evaluations are all discussed.
ix
x Preface
Wearegratefultoallthecontributorswhodiligentlyfinishedtheirpapers
well on time. Their scholarly work has contributed significantly in creating
this enlightening and valuable book. We feel that scientists, geographers,
ecologists, geologists, climate scientist, urban planners, and others working
on the subject of urban environmental management, such as research
scholars,environmentalists,andpolicymakers,wouldfindthisahandybook.
We also want to express our thanks to the Springer Publishing House, Prof.
Prabhat Kumar Shit, SpringerSeries Editor, DorisBleier,and her team very
professionally,forworkingwithustohavethisbookpublishedsopromptly.
New Delhi, India Prof. Atiqur Rahman
Coral Gables, USA Prof. Shouraseni Sen Roy
New Delhi, India Dr. Swapan Talukdar
New Delhi, India Mr. Shahfahad
