Advanced Topics in End User Computing

349 Pages·2004·7.329 MB·English

by  Mehdi Khosrow-Pour, Lawrence Oliva

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M. Adam Mahmood
University of Texas, El Paso, USA
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Hershey • London • Melbourne • Singapore
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Advanced Topics in End User Computing, Volume 4 is part of the Idea Group Publishing series
named Advanced Topics in End User Computing Series (ISSN: 1537-9310).
ISBN: 1-59140-474-6
Paperback ISBN: 1-59140-475-4
eISBN: 1-59140-476-2
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Preface ............................................................................................................vi
M. Adam Mahmood, University of Texas at El Paso, USA
SECTION I: ORGANIZATIONAL AND END USER COMPUTING ISSUES,
PERFORMANCE, PRODUCTIVITY
Chapter I
End User Computing Research Issues and Trends (1990-2000)......1
James P. Downey, University of Central Arkansas, USA
Summer E. Bartczak, Air Force Institute of Technology, USA
Chapter II
The Effect of End User Development on End User Success ...........21
Tanya McGill, Murdoch University, Australia
Chapter III
Testing the Technology-to-Performance Chain Model......................42
D. Sandy Staples, Queen’s University, Canada
Peter B. Seddon, The University of Melbourne, Australia
Chapter IV
The Role of Personal Goal and Self-Efficacy in Predicting
Computer Task Performance ...................................................................65
Mun Y. Yi, University of South Carolina, USA
Kun S. Im, Yonsei University, South Korea
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Chapter V
Measurement of Perceived Control in Information Systems...........90
Steven A. Morris, Middle Tennessee State University, USA
Thomas E. Marshall, Auburn University, USA
Chapter VI
The Technology Acceptance Model: A Meta-Analysis of
Empirical Findings ................................................................................... 112
Qingxiong Ma, Central Missouri State University, USA
Liping Liu, University of Akron, USA
SECTION II: COLLABORATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES
Chapter VII
Success Factors in the Implementation of a Collaborative
Technology and Resulting Productivity Improvements in a
Small Business: An Exploratory Study ..................................................129
Nory B. Jones, University of Maine, USA
Thomas R. Kochtanek, University of Missouri in Columbia,
USA
Chapter VIII
Supporting the JAD Facilitator with the Nominal Group
Technique...................................................................................................151
Evan W. Duggan, University of Alabama, USA
Cherian S. Thachenkary, Georgia State University, USA
Chapter IX
Applying Strategies to Overcome User Resistance in a Group of
Clinical Managers to a Business Software Application:
A Case Study..............................................................................................174
Barbara Adams, Cyrus Medical Systems, USA
Eta S. Berner, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
Joni Rousse Wyatt, Norwood Clinic, USA
Chapter X
Responsibility for Information Assurance and Privacy:
A Problem of Individual Ethics?...........................................................186
Bernd Carsten Stahl, De Montfort University, UK
Chapter XI
Organizational Knowledge Sharing in ERP Implementation:
Lessons from Industry............................................................................208
Mary C. Jones, University of North Texas, USA
R. Leon Price, University of Oklahoma, USA
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SECTION III: E-COMMERCE PROCESSES AND PRACTICES
Chapter XII
Electronic Banking and Information Assurance Issues:
Survey and Synthesis...............................................................................233
Manish Gupta, State University of New York, USA
Raghav Rao, State University of New York, USA
Shambhu Upadhyaya, State University of New York, USA
Chapter XIII
Computer Security and Risky Computing Practices:
A Rational Choice Perspective.............................................................257
Kregg Aytes, Idaho State University, USA
Terry Connolly, University of Arizona, USA
Chapter XIV
A TAM Analysis of an Alternative High-Security User
Authentication Procedure......................................................................280
Merrill Warkentin, Mississippi State University, USA
Kimberly Davis, Mississippi State University, USA
Ernst Bekkering, Northeastern State University, USA
Chapter XV
A Blended Approach Learning Strategy for Teacher
Development .............................................................................................301
Kalyani Chatterjea, Nanyang Technological University,
Singapore
About the Editor.......................................................................................322
About the Authors ...................................................................................323
Index ...........................................................................................................331
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This scholarly book is a collection of some of the best manuscripts pub-
lished in the Journal of Organizational and End User Computing. This in-
troduction is mainly a collection of abstracts provided by the authors for their
manuscripts. The book is divided into three segments: Section I, which covers
organizational and end user computing issues, trends, and success; Section II,
which addresses collaborative technologies and implementation issues; and
Section III, which discusses e-commerce processes and practices.
Section I consists of six chapters. Chapter 1, by Downey and Bartczak,
starts the section by providing a comprehensive framework for research that
allows one to examine the trends and issues in end user computing. It is based
on a comprehensive review of research articles from some of the leading jour-
nals in the information systems area. The review is precipitated, according to
the author, by the fact that during the 1980s and early 1990s, end user comput-
ing was reported to be among the key concerns facing managers and organiza-
tions. The authors claim that the framework is parsimonious and allows a com-
prehensive classification of three major dimensions of end user computing: end
user, technology, and organization. The authors conclude by discussing emerg-
ing trends, important themes, and journal differences in the area.
Chapter II of this scholarly volume is penned by McGill. She discusses the
contribution of systems developed by users on systems success. Her conten-
tion is that since end user systems development is a significant part of organiza-
tional systems development, it deserves attention. She investigated the role an
application developed by the user developer plays on the eventual success of
the application itself. The results of her study are intuitive but very important.
She suggest that end users are likely to be more satisfied with systems they
develop than with ones developed by others. More interestingly, the author found
that end users also perform better with these systems.
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To help end users and organizations understand and make more effective
use of information technology, Staples and Seddon proposed the Technology-
to-Performance Chain (TPC) model in 1995. According to the authors, the TPC
model combines insights from research on user attitudes as predictors of utili-
zation and insights from research on task-technology fit as a predictor of per-
formance. In Chapter III of this scholarly book, the same authors tested the
TPC model in two settings—voluntary use and mandatory use. In both settings,
they found strong support for the impact of task-technology fit on performance,
as well as on attitudes and beliefs about use. Social norms also had a significant
impact on utilization in the mandatory use setting. They also found that beliefs
about use only had a significant impact on utilization in the voluntary use set-
ting. Overall, the authors found support for the predictive power of the TPC
model.
In Chapter IV, Yi and Im suggest that computer task performance is an
essential driver of end user productivity. Recent research, according to the
authors, indicates that computer self-efficacy (CSE) is an important determi-
nant of computer task performance. They argue that understanding the role of
personal goal (PG) is also important in predicting and determining computer
task performance. Employing CSE, PG, age, and experience, the authors devel-
oped a theoretical model that predicts individual computer task performance.
They validate this model using PLS on data derived from a Microsoft Excel
training class of 41 MBA students. They found PG, along with past experience
and age, play a significant role in predicting computer task performance. Inter-
estingly, the authors found no significant relationship between post-training CSE
and task performance.
In Chapter V, Morris and Marshall claimed that several disciplines have
already identified and validated the importance of control in explaining human
behavior and motivation. They report an exploratory investigation that assesses
perceived control within the information systems (IS) area. The authors devel-
oped a survey instrument, based on the research literature in the IS area, to
assess perceived control as a multi-dimensional construct. They validated this
instrument using 241 subjects. They analyzed their results to produce a set of
five factors that represent a user’s perceptions of control when working with
an interactive information system: timeframe, feedback signal, feedback dura-
tion, strategy, and metaphor knowledge.
In Chapter VI, the final chapter in this section, Ma and Liu conducted a
meta analysis to synthesize and summarize the findings of 26 prior research
studies on perceived ease of use and usefulness that used the technology ac-
ceptance model (TAM) as a framework to predict the acceptance of informa-
tion technology. A number of past studies have empirically investigated these
relationships, but, as the authors indicated, the findings of these research stud-
ies are mixed. The authors found that both the correlations between usefulness
and acceptance, and between usefulness and ease of use are somewhat strong.
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They found the relationship between ease of use and acceptance as weak.
As stated earlier, Section II addresses collaborative technologies and imple-
mentation issues. It consists of five chapters: Chapters VII, VIII, IX, X, and
XI. In Chapter VII, Jones and Kochtanek recognize that literature provides
many examples of performance improvements resulting from adoption of dif-
ferent technologies. The authors, at the same time, claim that they found very
little evidence demonstrating specific and generalizable factors that contribute
to these improvements. The authors’ qualitative study examined the relation-
ship between four classes of potential success factors on the adoption of a
collaborative technology and whether they are related to performance improve-
ments in a small service company. They interviewed the users of a newly adopted
collaborative technology to explore which factors contributed to the users’ ini-
tial adoption and subsequent effective use of this technology. Their results showed
that several factors were strongly related to adoption and effective implemen-
tation. They further explored the impact on performance improvements. Their
results showed a qualitative link to several performance improvements, includ-
ing time savings and improved decision-making.
In Chapter VIII, Duggan and Thachenkary start by suggesting that the
Joint Application Development (JAD) was introduced to solve many of the
problems system users experienced with the conventional methods used in de-
termining systems requirements. They recognize that JAD helped produce note-
worthy improvements over these methods. They suggest that a JAD session
conducted with freely interacting groups is susceptible, however, to some prob-
lems that may curtail the effectiveness of groups. They further suggest that
JAD outcomes are also critically dependent on excellent facilitation for mini-
mizing dysfunctional group behaviors, and many JAD efforts fail because some
group members are often unavailable. According to the authors, the nominal
group technique (NGT) was designed to reduce the impact of negative group
dynamics. The authors integrate JAD and NGT to reduce the burden of the
JAD facilitator in controlling group sessions for determining systems require-
ments. They empirically tested their approach, which was found to outperform
JAD in the areas tested and seemed to contribute to group outcomes even
without excellent facilitation.
Adams, Berner, and Wyatt in Chapter IX suggest that user resistance is a
common occurrence when new information systems are introduced to health
care organizations. They further suggest that individuals responsible for over-
seeing the implementation process of these systems in the health care environ-
ment may encounter more resistance than facilitators in other environments.
The authors claim that proper training of end users is an important strategy for
minimizing this resistance. Their research reviews the literature on the reasons
for user resistance to health care information systems and the implications of
this literature on the design of training programs. They illustrate principles for
reducing user resistance (e.g., communication, user involvement, strategic use
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of consultants) using a case study that involved training clinical managers on
business applications. The authors recommend that individuals responsible for
health care information system implementations should recognize that end user
resistance can lead to system failure and should employ these best practices
when embarking on new implementations.
In Chapter X, Stahl suggests that decisions regarding information assur-
ance, IT security, and privacy can affect individuals’ rights and obligations. The
author explores the question of whether individual responsibility is a useful con-
struct to address ethical issues of this complexity. After introducing a theory of
responsibility, he discusses the conditions that an individual typically is assumed
to fulfill in such an environment. The author argues that individuals lack some
of the essential preconditions necessary for handling responsibility. According
to the author, individuals have neither the power, the knowledge, nor the intel-
lectual capacities to successfully deal with the ethical challenges in the tension
of privacy and information assurance. The author ends by suggesting that the
concept of responsibility may be useful nevertheless in this setting, but it will
have to be expanded to allow collective entities as subjects.
In Chapter XI, Jones and Price put forth that knowledge sharing in ERP
implementation is somewhat unique, because ERP requires end users to have
more divergent knowledge than is required in the use of traditional information
systems. They claim that, because of the length of the time and commitment
that ERP implementation requires, end users often are more involved in ERP
implementations than they are in more traditional information systems imple-
mentations. Their study presents findings about organizational knowledge shar-
ing during ERP implementation in three firms. They collected data through in-
terviews using a multi-site case study methodology. The authors analyzed the
findings in an effort to provide a basis on which practitioners can more effec-
tively facilitate knowledge sharing during ERP implementation.
The last and final section in this compiled volume deals mainly with e-
commerce processes and practices. It includes four chapters: Chapters XII,
XIII, XIV, and XV. In Chapter XII, Gupta, Rao, and Upadhyaya assert that
information assurance is a key component in e-banking services. They investi-
gate the information assurance issues and tenets of e-banking security that
would be needed for the design, development, and assessment of an adequate
electronic security infrastructure. They present the technology terminology and
frameworks with an understanding to equip the reader with a glimpse of the
state-of-art technologies that may help toward making better decisions regard-
ing electronic security.
In Chapter XIII, Aytes and Connolly present the Check-Off Password
System (COPS) for entering passwords that combines a high level of security
with easy recall features for end users. They claim that COPS is more secure
than self-selected passwords as well as high-protection assigned-password pro-
cedures (FIPS). The authors provide a preliminary assessment of the efficacy
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