Advanced Techniques in Diagnostic Microbiology

550 Pages·2006·5.676 MB·English

by  Yi-Wei Tang, Charles W. Stratton (auth.)

Advanced Techniques in
Diagnostic Microbiology
Yi-Wei Tang
Charles W. Stratton
Advanced Techniques in
Diagnostic Microbiology
Yi-WeiTang CharlesW.Stratton
MolecularInfectiousDiseaseLaboratory ClinicalMicrobiologyLaboratory
VanderbiltUniversityMedicalCenter VanderbiltUniversityMedicalCenter
Nashville,TN37232-5310 Nashville,TN37232-5310
USA USA
[email protected] [email protected]
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2005935335
ISBN-10:0-387-29741-3 e-ISBN0-387-32892-0
ISBN-13:978-0387-29741-5
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(cid:2)C 2006SpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC.
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Contributors
JaberAslanzadeh AliDanesh
DivisionofClinical DepartmentofExperimental
Microbiology Therapeutics
DepartmentofPathology UniversityHealthNetwork
HartfordHospitalandClinical 200ElizabethStreet
LaboratoryPartners Toronto,Ontario,CanadaM5G2C4
85SeymourStreet
Hartford,CT06102,USA
DianeDare
ResearchDevelopmentUnit
GeorgeBolton
ManchesterMetropolitan
BDBiosciences
University
10975TorreyanaRoad
St.Augustine’sLowerChatham
SanDiego,CA92121,USA
Street
Manchester,UKMI55HA
MarkJ.Cameron
DepartmentofExperimental
PhyllisDella-Latta
Therapeutics
ClinicalMicrobiologyServices
UniversityHealthNetwork
DepartmentofPathology
200ElizabethStreet
ColumbiaUniversityMedical
Toronto,Ontario,CanadaM5G
Center
2C4
NewYorkPresbyterianHospital
622West168thStreet
SheldonCampbell
NewYork,NY10032,USA
PathologyandLaboratoryMedicine
Service
VAConnecticut HelenDeng
WestHaven,CTand PublicHealthLaboratory
DepartmentofLaboratoryMedicine ArkansasDepartmentofHealth
YaleUniversitySchoolofMedicine 4815WestMarkhamStreet
NewHaven,CT06520-8035,USA LittleRock,AR72205,USA
v
vi Contributors
WonderDrake UniversityofAlabamainHuntsville
DepartmentofMedicine 2707ArtieStreet
DivisionofInfectiousDiseases Huntsville,AL35805,USA
VanderbiltUniversitySchoolof
Medicine XiangY.Han
116121stAve.South DepartmentofLaboratoryMedicine
Nashville,TN37232-2605,USA TheUniversityofTexasM.D.
AndersonCancerCenter
DavidErnst 1515HolcombeBlvd.
BDBiosciences Houston,TX77030,USA
10975TorreyanaRoad
SanDiego,CA92121,USA RandallT.Hayden
DepartmentofPathology
TaoFeng St.JudeChildren’sResearchHospital
MolecularPathologyLaboratory 332N.LauderdaleStreet
DepartmentofPathology Memphis,TN38105-2794,USA
MountSinaiSchoolofMedicine,
Box1122 MimiHealy
OneGustaveLevyPlace BacterialBarcodes,Inc.
NewYork,NY10029,USA 8080N.StadiumDrive
Houston,TX77054,USA
PatriceFrancois
DepartmentofInternalMedicine IrvinHirshfield
GenevaUniversityHospital DepartmentofBiologicalSciences
21rueMicheli-du-Crest St.John’sUniversity
Geneva14,1211,Switzerland 8000UtopiaParkway
Jamaica,NY11439,USA
StacieR.Frye
BacterialBarcodes,Inc.
TaoHong
8080N.StadiumDrive
DepartmentofPathology
Houston,TX77054,USA
ClinicalMicrobiologyLaboratory
HackensackUniversityMedicalCenter
AmitabhGaur
30ProspectAve.
BDBiosciences
Hackensack,NJ07601,USA
10975TorreyanaRoad
SanDiego,CA92121,USA
YuanHu
U.S.FoodandDrugAdministration
TerryJ.Gentry
NortheastRegionalLaboratory
EnvironmentalSciencesDivision
158-15LibertyAvenue
OakRidgeNationalLaboratory
Jamaica,NY11433,USA
1BethelValleyRoad
OakRidge,TN37831,USA
KaiManKam
JianHan PublicHealthLaboratoryCentre
Genaco 382NamCheongStreet,ShekKipMei
DepartmentofPathology Kowloon,HongKong
Contributors vii
DavidJ.Kelvin ElizabethM.Marlowe
DepartmentofExperimental Gen-Probe
Therapeutics 10210GeneticCenterDrive
UniversityHealthNetwork SanDiego,CA92121-4362,
200ElizabethStreet USA
Toronto,Ontario,CanadaM5G
2C4 MichaelL.Pendrak
NationalInstitutesofHealth
AbdullahKilic Bethesda,MD20892,USA
DepartmentofMicrobiology
GulhaneMilitaryMedical DesmondPersad
Academy DepartmentofExperimental
Ankara06018,Turkey Therapeutics
UniversityHealthNetwork
MarieL.Landry
200ElizabethStreet
DepartmentofLaboratoryMedicine
Toronto,Ontario,CanadaM5G
YaleUniversitySchoolofMedicine
2C4
P.O.Box802035
NewHaven,CT06520-8035,USA
RaymondP.Podzorski
DepartmentofPathology
IvyLee
WaukeshaMemorialHospital
MolecularPathologyLaboratory
725AmericanAve.
DepartmentofPathology
Waukesha,WI53188,USA
MountSinaiSchoolofMedicine,
Box1122
ChaoQi
OneGustaveLevyPlace
DepartmentofPathology
NewYork,NY10029,USA
NorthwesternUniversityMemorial
Hospital
HaijingLi
251EastHuronStreet
DivisionofInfectiousDiseases
Chicago,IL60611-2908,USA
VanderbiltUniversitySchoolof
Medicine
XuanQin
116121stAve.South
DepartmentofLaboratoriesand
Nashville,TN37232-2605,USA
Pathology
AngusC.T.Lo Children’sHospitalandRegional
PublicHealthLaboratoryServices MedicalCenter
Branch UniversityofWashingtonSchoolof
CentreforHealthProtection Medicine
DepartmentofHealth 4800SandPointWay,N.E.
Kowloon,HongKong Seattle,WA98105,USA
MichaelLoeffelholz DietherRecktenwald
ViroMedLaboratories/LabCorp BDBiosciences
6101BlueCircleDrive 2350QumeDrive
Minnetonka,MN55343,USA SanJose,CA95131,USA
viii Contributors
JacquesSchrenzel DonnaM.Wolk
DepartmentofInternalMedicine DepartmentofClinicalPathologyand
ClinicalMicrobiologyLaboratory Medicine
GenevaUniversityHospital UniversityofArizona
21rueMicheli-du-Crest DepartmentofPathologyand
Geneva14,1211,Switzerland LaboratoryMedicine
SouthArizonaVAHealthCareSystem
SusanSefers 3601South6thAve.
MolecularInfectiousDiseases Tucson,AZ85723,USA
Laboratory
DepartmentsofPathology FannWu
VanderbiltUniversitySchoolof ClinicalMicrobiologyServices
Medicine DepartmentofPathology
116121stAvenueSouth ColumbiaUniversityMedicalCenter
Nashville,TN37232-5310,USA NewYorkPresbyterianHospital
622West168thStreet
CharlesW.Stratton NewYork,NY10032,USA
DepartmentsofPathologyand
Medicine JosephineWu
VanderbiltUniversitySchoolof MolecularPathologyLaboratory
Medicine DepartmentofPathology
116121stAvenueSouth MountSinaiSchoolofMedicine,Box
Nashville,TN37232-5310,USA 1122
OneGustaveLevyPlace
Yi-WeiTang NewYork,NY10029,USA
DepartmentsofMedicineand
Pathology
S.SteveYan
VanderbiltUniversitySchoolof FoodandDrugAdministration
Medicine Rockville,MD20855,USA
116121stAvenueSouth
Nashville,TN37232-5310,USA FeiYe
MolecularPathologyLaboratory
SiheWang DepartmentofPathology
NorthwesternUniversity MountSinaiSchoolofMedicine,Box
TheFeinbergSchoolofMedicine 1122
Children’sMemorialHospital OneGustaveLevyPlace
2300Children’sPlaza NewYork,NY10029,USA
Chicago,IL60614,USA
BingjiaoYin
YunF.(Wayne)Wang MolecularPathologyLaboratory
DepartmentofPathology DepartmentofPathology
EmoryUniversitySchoolofMedicine MountSinaiSchoolofMedicine,
GradyMemorialHospital Box1122
80JesseHillDr.,S.E. OneGustaveLevyPlace
Atlanta,GA30303,USA NewYork,NY10029,USA
Contributors ix
DavidZhang Children’sMemorialHospital
MolecularPathologyLaboratory 2300Children’sPlaza
DepartmentofPathology Chicago,IL60614,USA
MountSinaiSchoolofMedicine,
Box1122 JizhongZhou
OneGustaveLevyPlace EnvironmentalSciences
NewYork,NY10029,USA Division
OakRidgeNational
XiaotianZheng Laboratory
NorthwesternUniversity 1BethelValleyRoad
TheFeinbergSchoolofMedicine OakRidge,TN37831,USA
Preface
Clinical microbiologists are engaged in the field of diagnostic microbiology to
determinewhetherpathogenicmicroorganismsarepresentinclinicalspecimens
collected from patients with suspected infections. If microorganisms are found,
these are identified and susceptibility profiles, when indicated, are determined.
Duringthepasttwodecades,technicaladvancesinthefieldofdiagnosticmicro-
biology have made constant and enormous progress in various areas, including
bacteriology,mycology,mycobacteriology,parasitology,andvirology.Thediag-
nostic capabilities of modern clinical microbiology laboratories have improved
rapidly and have expanded greatly due to a technological revolution in molecu-
lar aspects of microbiology and immunology. In particular, rapid techniques for
nucleic acid amplification and characterization combined with automation and
user-friendlysoftwarehavesignificantlybroadenedthediagnosticarsenalforthe
clinical microbiologist. The conventional diagnostic model for clinical microbi-
ologyhasbeenlabor-intensiveandfrequentlyrequireddaystoweeksbeforetest
resultswereavailable.Moreover,duetothecomplexityandlengthofsuchtesting,
thisservicewasusuallydirectedatthehospitalizedpatientpopulation.Thephys-
icalstructureoflaboratories,staffingpatterns,workflow,andturn-aroundtimeall
havebeeninfluencedprofoundlybythesetechnicaladvances.Suchchangeswill
undoubtedlycontinueandleadthefieldofdiagnosticmicrobiologyinevitablyto
atrulymoderndiscipline.
Advanced Techniques in Diagnostic Microbiology provides a comprehensive
and up-to-date description of advanced methods that have evolved for the diag-
nosis of infectious diseases in the routine clinical microbiology laboratory. The
bookisdividedintotwoparts.Thefirstpart,“Techniques,”coverstheprinciples
andcharacteristicsoftechniquesrangingfromrapidantigentesting,toadvanced
antibodydetection,toinvitronucleicacidamplificationtechniques,tonucleicacid
microarrayandmassspectrometry.Sufficientspaceisassignedtocoverdifferent
nucleicacidamplificationformatsthatarecurrentlybeingusedwidelyinthediag-
nosticmicrobiologyfield.Withineachtechnique,examplesaregivenregardingits
applicationinthediagnosticfield.Commercialproductinformation,ifavailable,
isintroducedwithcommentaryineachchapter.Ifseveraltestformatsareavailable
foratechnique,objectivecomparisonsaregiventoillustratethecontrastsoftheir
xi