Table Of ContentADVANCED
ITIO :
NUTRITION
Mac nutrients
Second Edition
Taylor & Francis
Taylor & Francis Group
http://taylorandfrancis.com
CRC SERIES IN
MODERN NUTRITION
Edited by Ira Wolinsky and James F. Hickson, Jr.
Published Titles
Manganese in Health and Disease, Dorothy J. Klimis-Zacas
Nutrition and AIDS: Effects and Treatments, Ronald R. Watson
Nutrition Care for HIV-Positive Persons: A Manual for Individuals and Their Caregivers,
Saroj M. Bahl and James F. Hickson, Jr.
Calcium and Phosphorus in Health and Disease, John J.B. Anderson and
Sanford C. Garner
Edited by Ira Wolinsky
Published Titles
Practical Handbook of Nutrition in Clinical Practice, Donald F. Kirby
and Stanley J. Dudrick
Handbook of Dairy Foods and Nutrition, Gregory D. Miller, Judith K. Jarvis,
and Lois D. McBean
Advanced Nutrition: Macronutrients, Carolyn D. Berdanier
Childhood Nutrition, Fima Lifschitz
Nutrition and Health: Topics and Controversies, Felix Bronner
Nutrition and Cancer Prevention, Ronald R. Watson and Siraj I. Mufti
Nutritional Concerns of Women, Second Edition, Ira Wolinsky
and Dorothy J. Klimis-Zacas
Nutrients and Gene Expression: Clinical Aspects, Carolyn D. Berdanier
Antioxidants and Disease Prevention, Harinda S. Garewal
Advanced Nutrition: Micronutrients, Carolyn D. Berdanier
Nutrition and Women’s Cancers, Barbara Pence and Dale M. Dunn
Nutrients and Foods in AIDS, Ronald R. Watson
Nutrition: Chemistry and Biology, Second Edition, Julian E. Spallholz,
L. Mallory Boylan, and Judy A. Driskell
Melatonin in the Promotion of Health, Ronald R. Watson
Nutritional and Environmental Influences on the Eye, Allen Taylor
Laboratory Tests for the Assessment of Nutritional Status, Second Edition,
H.E. Sauberlich
Advanced Human Nutrition, Robert E.C. Wildman and Denis M. Medeiros
Handbook of Dairy Foods and Nutrition, Second Edition, Gregory D. Miller,
Judith K. Jarvis, and Lois D. McBean
Nutrition in Space Flight and Weightlessness Models, Helen W. Lane
and Dale A. Schoeller
Eating Disorders in Women and Children: Prevention, Stress Management,
and Treatment, Jacalyn J. Robert-McComb
Childhood Obesity: Prevention and Treatment, Jana Pavrízková and Andrew Hills
Alcohol and Coffee Use in the Aging, Ronald R. Watson
Handbook of Nutrition in the Aged, Third Edition, Ronald R. Watson
Vegetables, Fruits, and Herbs in Health Promotion, Ronald R. Watson
Nutrition and AIDS, Second Edition, Ronald R. Watson
Advances in Isotope Methods for the Analysis of Trace Elements in Man,
Nicola Lowe and Malcolm Jackson
Nutritional Anemias, Usha Ramakrishnan
Handbook of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Robert E.C. Wildman
The Mediterranean Diet: Constituents and Health Promotion, Antonia-Leda Matalas,
Antonis Zampelas, Vassilis Stavrinos, and Ira Wolinsky
Vegetarian Nutrition, Joan Sabaté
Nutrient–Gene Interactions in Health and Disease, Naïma Moustaïd-Moussa
and Carolyn D. Berdanier
Micronutrients and HIV Infection, Henrik Friis
Tryptophan: Biochemicals and Health Implications, Herschel Sidransky
Nutritional Aspects and Clinical Management of Chronic Disorders and Diseases,
Felix Bronner
Inulin-Type Fructans: Functional Food Ingredients, Marcel Roberfroid
ADVANCED
NUTRITION:
Macronutrients
Second Edition
Carolyn D. erdanier, Ph.D.
Professor, Foods and Nutrition
University of Georgia
Athens, Georgia
C
R
C
CRC Press
Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Berdanier, Carolyn D.
Advanced nutrition: macronutrients I Carolyn D. Berdanier.--2nd ed.
p. em. (Modem nutrition)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8493-8735-3
l. Nutrition. 2. Diet in disease. I. Title. II. Modern nutrition (Boca Raton, Fla.)
QP141 .B52 2000
612.3'9-dc21 00-037867
CIP
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with
permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish
reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials
or for the consequences of their use.
Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
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© 2000 by CRC Press
No claim to original U.S. Government works
International Standard Book Number 0-8493-8735-3
Library of Congress Card Number 00-037867
Printed in the United States of America 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
Printed on acid-free paper
Series Preface for Modern Nutritio
The CRC Series in Modern Nutrition is dedicated to providing the widest possible coverage of
topics in nutrition. Nutrition is an interdisciplinary, interprofessional field par excellence. It is noted
by its broad range and diversity. We trust the titles and authorship in this series will reflect that
range and diversity.
Published for a scholarly audience, the volumes in the CRC Series in Modem Nutrition are
designed to explain, review, and explore present knowledge and recent trends, developments, and
advances in nutrition. As such, they will also appeal to the educated layman. The format for the
series will vary with the needs of the author and the topic, including, but not limited to, edited
volumes, monographs, handbooks, and texts.
Contributors from any bona fide area of nutrition, including the controversial, are welcome.
We welcome the contribution of the book Advanced Nutrition: Macronutrients, second edition,
by my long-time colleague Carolyn Berdanier. It can be used as a companion volume to Advanced
Nutrition: Micronutrients, written by the same author. Together, the two volumes add luster to the
series and occupy an important niche in the area of advanced nutrition.
Ira Wolinsky, Ph.D.
Series editor
Taylor & Francis
Taylor & Francis Group
http://taylorandfrancis.com
Preface to the First Edition
At the turn of the century and for a few decades after, nutntwn research was conducted by
biochemists seeking to unlock the secrets of metabolism. The vitamins were discovered one by
one and the mysteries of such endemic diseases as pellagra, beri-beri, goiter, and rickets were no
more. We learned that the inclusion of the "vital amines" could be accomplished by including foods
rich in these substances in our diets. The needs for certain of the fatty acids, the amino acids and
the many minerals were likewise discovered during this golden age of nutrition.
Now we have another period of great discovery upon us. Today's discoveries are no less exciting,
for they are showing how the genetics of the consumer affect his/her use of the food that is consumed
and, in turn, how the components of the consumed food can affect the expression of the genetic
heritage of the consumer. The science of nutrition and its study as an advanced topic have evolved
from one in which the student learned the names of the macro- and micronutrients and their
chemistry, the requirements and the deficiency symptoms. Today, the student must have a strong
science background with emphasis in biochemistry, genetics, and physiology in order to integrate
this knowledge with an understanding of each of the nutrients and how the body uses them. The
student needs to be able to look forward to new discoveries by understanding where our gaps in
knowledge exist. The basic sciences have been incorporated into the text and clinical examples
have been used to illustrate the importance of particular steps in the metabolic pathways. While
the primary animal of interest is the human, this text is also useful for the study of other species
as well. The basic science of nutrition is all inclusive and we can learn a lot through interspecies
comparisons.
This volume contains text relating only to the needs for and use of the macronutrients. It serves
as the basis for the second volume, which addresses the micronutrients. The two can be integrated
so that the student will gain a comprehensive view of this composite science called nutrition.
February 1994
