Advanced Nondestructive and Structural Techniques for Diagnosis, Redesign and Health Monitoring for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage: Selected work from the TMM-CH 2021

215 Pages·2022·55.914 MB·English

by  Ahmad Osman, Antonia Moropoulou

Springer Proceedings in Materials
Ahmad Osman
Antonia Moropoulou Editors
Advanced Nondestructive
and Structural Techniques
for Diagnosis, Redesign
and Health Monitoring
for the Preservation
of Cultural Heritage
Selected work from the TMM-CH 2021
Springer Proceedings in Materials
Volume 16
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Daniel Chua, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National
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Brazil
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Yafang Han, Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing, Beijing, China
Jianghong Gong, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua
University, Beijing, Beijing, China
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Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Ahmad Osman Antonia Moropoulou
(cid:129)
Editors
Advanced Nondestructive
and Structural Techniques
for Diagnosis, Redesign
and Health Monitoring
for the Preservation
of Cultural Heritage
Selected work from the TMM-CH 2021
123
Editors
Ahmad Osman AntoniaMoropoulou
Fraunhofer Institute for Nondestructive Zografou Campus
Saarland University of AppliedSciences National Technical University of Athens
Saarbrücken, Germany Athens, Greece
ISSN 2662-3161 ISSN 2662-317X (electronic)
SpringerProceedings in Materials
ISBN978-3-031-03794-8 ISBN978-3-031-03795-5 (eBook)
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Preface
The adoption of innovative scientific methodologies and the implementation of
challenging projects that mark future trends in the protection of cultural heritage
haveinitiatedauniversalandwide-rangingdialogueamongscholars,professionals,
stakeholders,industryrepresentativesandpolicymakers,withinaholisticapproach
that fuses competences from the scientific fields of architecture, civil engineering,
surveying engineering, materials science and engineering, information technology
and archaeology. The advanced nondestructive and structural monitoring and
assessment techniques, in conjunction with 3D documentation technologies and
analyticaltesting,supportthecreationofatransdisciplinarymultispectralmodelling
towards the sustainable preservation of cultural heritage.
These innovative aspects were enhanced and revealed by the 2nd TMM_CH
International Conference on “Transdisciplinary Multispectral Modelling and
Cooperation for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage: Recapturing the World in
Crisis through Culture”, during 13–15 December 2021, in Athens, Greece.
TheconferencewasorganizedbytheNationalTechnicalUniversityofAthensin
cooperationwiththeTechnicalChamberofGreece,underthepatronageofH.E.the
President of the Hellenic Republic, Ms Katerina Sakellaropoulou, inaugurated by
H.E.theVicePresidentoftheGovernmentoftheHellenicRepublic,MrPanagiotis
Pikrammenos, with benedictions bestowed by His All Holiness, Ecumenical
Patriarch, Bartholomew I of Constantinople, and His Beatitude Archbishop
Hieronymus II of Athens and All Greece.
DistinguishedscientistsandrepresentativesoftheNationalGeographicSociety,
the Cultural Heritage Finance Alliance, the International Council of Monuments
and Sites ICOMOS, the Organization of World Heritage Cities OWHC, the
European Society for Engineering Education SEFI, the European Construction
Technology Platform ECTP, the International Federation of Surveyors FIG, the
International Committee CIPA Heritage Documentation, the World Monuments
Fund, AHEPA Hellas, UNESCO Chairs on “Digital Cultural Heritage” and
“Culture, Tourism, Development”, and other major International and European
Organizations, Associations, Networks, Universities and Research Centers in the
v
vi Preface
fieldofculturalheritagepreservation,participatedintheInternationalSteeringand
Scientific Committees.
The 2nd TMM_CH Conference was highly expected and attracted researchers
fromall overtheworld.Itwasheldwith great success,despitethepandemic, with
the physical presence of 150 delegates and online attendance of 500 delegates in
real time. A total of 310 contributions were submitted, and 124 papers were
accepted for oral presentation and publication by 377 authors from 33 countries,
after peer review from three reviewers in average per paper and consequent revi-
sions, with a rate of acceptance equivalent to a 40%. Accepted papers were pub-
lished in distinguished scientific journals and proceeding volumes. Sixteen papers
are presented in this book. The editors would like to express their sincerest
appreciationtoallofthereviewersandauthorswhocontributedinmaintainingthe
high standards necessary for the implementation of the successful 2nd TMM_CH
Conference, as well as for the preparation of this book.
Within this book, the benefits of Nondestructive Testing (NDT) and their
applications are demonstrated on several diverse and important cultural heritage
assets,rangingfromartefacts,tohistoricbuildings,andtohistoricareasaroundthe
world. NDT methods are today essential tools for the characterization of an arte-
fact’s or a cultural heritage asset’s constituent materials and for the study of their
manufacturing process, thus, improving our understanding of cultural heritage, as
well as of their materials. These are prerequisites for a thorough assessment of the
preservationstateofaheritageassetandforthedesignofeffective,compatibleand
sustainable interventions to enhance its resilience against the prevailing risks and
preserve its values. This book should be beneficial for scientists, engineers,
architects, archaeologists, conservators, geologists, art historians and interested
stakeholders and public, as a concise source of recent scientific advancements,
nondestructive techniques and technologies for monitoring, documenting and pre-
serving, in a holistic approach, the world cultural heritage.
May 2022 Ahmad Osman
Antonia Moropoulou
Kyriakos Lampropoulos
Contents
Advanced Nondestructive and Structural Techniques for Diagnosis,
Redesign and Health Monitoring
Unraveling the Materials and Techniques of Post-Byzantine Icons
from Epirus, Greece. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Anthoula Poulia, Konstantina Sougioultzi, Ioannis Liougkos,
and Alkiviadis Paipetis
Nondestructive Assessment of Post-Byzantine Icon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
G.T.Varfi,A.Asvestas,D.A.Exarchos,S.Farmaki,G.Mastrotheodoros,
D. F. Anagnostopoulos, and T. E. Matikas
Reflectance Spectroscopy as a Non-invasive Technique for
Preliminary Characterization of Soluble Salts on
Historical Masonries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Dafne Cimino, Laura Falchi, Martina Corradini, Paola Lucero Gomez,
Eleonora Balliana, and Elisabetta Zendri
Adaption of Imaging Techniques for Monitoring Cultural Heritage
Objects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Amalia Siatou, Athanasia Papanikolaou, and Evdokia Saiti
Documenting Artifacts Using 3D Representation and Nondestructive
Evaluation Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
D. A. Exarchos, S. G. Farmaki, I. K. Tragazikis, A. C. Mpalaskas,
A. Vasios, V. Papadopoulou, and T. E. Matikas
The Usefulness of X-ray Fluorescence Analysis on Photocopies
Identification – A Case Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Lydia Tsoka, Georgios P. Mastrotheodoros, and Konstantinos Choulis
vii
viii Contents
Characterizing the Pigments in Wall Paintings: Comparing Portable
and Stationary Multiband Remote Sensing Imaging Systems. . . . . . . . . 71
Yotam Asscher and Shai Halevi
Nondestructive Evaluation of the Pathology of the Katholikon of the
Monastery of Panagia Varnakova with Ground Penetrating Radar. . . . 83
Vasileios Keramidas, Kyriakos Lampropoulos, George Bletsas-Yfantis,
Elisavet Tsilimantou, Charalampos Mouzakis, and Antonia Moropoulou
High Temperatures Impact on the Durability of Natural Stones:
An Assessment by Means of Ultrasound Pulse
Velocity Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Theodore Bris, Ekaterini Delegou, Matteo Morabito, Elisabeta Zendri,
and Antonia Moropoulou
Infrared, Terahertz and Air-Coupled Ultrasonic Non-invasive
Inspection for Artworks: A Comparative Study
on an Old Hand-Bound Book of the XIXth Century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Qinqian Lei, Hai Zhang, Stefano Sfarra, Ahmad Osman,
Clemente Ibarra-Castanedo, and Xavier P. V. Maldague
Nondestructive Assessment of the Resilience to Climate Change
and Natural Hazards
A Multi- and Interdisciplinary Methodological Approach for
Monitoring Cultural Heritage Built Assets: The HERACLES
Experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Amalia Siatou, George Alexandrakis, Paraskevi Pouli, Antonella Curulli,
Elissavet Kavoulaki, Snjezana Knezic, and Giuseppina Padeletti
On the Multi-hazard Risk Assessment of Urban Areas: Identification
and Analysis of Exposure and Physical Vulnerability Indicators . . . . . . 146
Maria Xofi, José Carlos Domingues, Pedro P. Santos, Susana Pereira,
Sérgio C. Oliveira, Eusébio Reis, José Luís Zêzere, Ricardo A. C. Garcia,
Paulo B. Lourenço, and Tiago Miguel Ferreira
Root-CauseAnalysisontheRiskofProcessFailureWhenTestingthe
Resilience of a Stone Masonry Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Dimitra Passa, Stamatia Gavela, George Papadakos, and George Karydis
Digital Heritage, a Holistic Approach
The Role of UAV and Laser Scanners in the Post-earthquake
Assessment of Heritage Buildings After the 2020 Earthquakes
in Croatia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Mislav Stepinac, Luka Lulić, and Karlo Ožić
Contents ix
The Bell – Tower of Saint Barbaros in the Medieval ‘Borgo’ of
Potamos in Corfu: Historical Documentation and Multi-disciplinary
Proposal for its Preservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Evi Polymeri, Charalampos Mouzakis, Athanasios Efstathiou,
and George Pantazis
Integrative Archaeological Surveying for the Enhancement of
Nuraghe Piscu in Suelli (SU), Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Eleonora Scopinaro, Roberto Gabrielli, and Andrea Angelini
Author Index.. .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 207