Table Of ContentMATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES
A N -
DVANCED ANO AND
P M
IEZOELECTRIC ATERIALS
AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
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M S T
ATERIALS CIENCE AND ECHNOLOGIES
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MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES
A N -
DVANCED ANO AND
P M
IEZOELECTRIC ATERIALS
AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
IVAN A. PARINOV
EDITOR
New York
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CONTENTS
Preface vii
Chapter 1 Compatibility of Chemical Elements on Grain
Boundaries and Its Influence on Wear Resistance
of Polycrystalline Materials 1
Yu. F. Migal, V. I. Kolesnikov
and E. S. Novikov
Chapter 2 Development and Study of Silicon Dioxide
Nanostructured Films Forming on
Semiconductor Structure Surface 19
V. V. Polyakov
Chapter 3 Methods to Study Modified Aluminum Silicates 61
V. A. Yavna, A. S. Kasprzhitskiy
and G. I. Lazorenko
Chapter 4 Investigations of Defect Formation
during Sapphire Crystal Growth 89
S. P. Malyukov, Yu. V. Klunnikova
and I. A. Parinov
Chapter 5 Physics and Design of Multi-Functional Ceramic Materials
with Special Electrical and Magnetic Properties 109
L. A. Reznichenko, A. G. Abubakarov, K. P. Andryushin,
I. N. Andryushina, V. A. Alyoshin, N. A. Boldyrev,
I. A. Verbenko, S. I. Dudkina, A. A. Pavelko, A. V. Pavlenko,
H. A. Sadykov, M. V. Talanov, S. V. Titov, V. V. Titov,
A. V. Turik and L. A. Shilkina
Chapter 6 New Model for Piezoelectric Medium with Voids
for Application to Analysis of Ultrasonic Piezoelectric
Transducers and Porous Piezocomposites 145
G. Iovane and A. V. Nasedkin
vi Contents
Chapter 7 Comparative Study of Parametric Methods
for Online Estimating the Frequency
and Amplitude of Quartz Oscillators 171
A. V. Nikitin and S. V. Iushanov
Chapter 8 The Limits of Measurements Accuracy
Parameters of Electromagnetic Oscillations
in Piezoelectric Materials 205
V. K. Ignatjev, A. A. Orlov
and D. A. Stankevich
Index 239
PREFACE
The advanced materials and devices, fabricated on the base of nanotechnological and
piezoelectric approaches and developed theoretical and experimental methods and also
mathematical modeling, are very quickly introduced in numerous application areas of the
modern science, techniques and technologies. There is a great interest to similar studies,
which expand scientific knowledge on physical world, control and predict development of
very fine processes and transformations occurring during processing, loading and work of
modern materials and devices under critical conditions. The studied specimens demonstrate a
broad spectrum of properties in scale from nanometers up to macroscopic range. The
discussed devices and goods possess very high accuracy, longevity and extended possibilities
to work in wide temperature and pressure ranges; they demonstrate characteristics directly
defined by developed compositions, technical and technological solutions. This edited book is
divided into eight chapters.
Chapter 1 imitates the strengthening processes of the grain boundaries, based on the
model polyatomic clusters consisting of atoms of iron and other elements. The used quantum-
chemical approach allows one to systematize atomic interactions on the grain-boundary
surfaces, estimate the compatibility of various elements with iron on these surfaces, and
connect this compatibility with the Mendeleev's periodic law. The calculation results are
compared with the known experimental data and confirmed with the researches performed by
using the methods of Auger and X-ray electron spectroscopy. The dependences obtained can
be considered as a theoretical base for the prediction of strength properties of the
polycrystalline materials with different compositions of alloying and impurity elements. The
studied potential energy curves corresponding to the movement of atoms on iron surface
could be useful for designing the compositions of multi-layer coats on steel.
Chapter 2 is devoted to the experimental investigations, mechanism and processing
methods of SiO nanostructured films formed on Si and SiC surfaces by rapid thermal
2
annealing and gas-phase photo-decomposition with presentation of technical solutions and
equipment for the formation of nanosized silicon dioxide films. The films obtained can be
used for technology of forming the hybrid systems of microfluidic structures in the
implementation of planar processing by batch methods, microfluidic structures of channels by
surface passivation etc.
Chapter 3 presents the theoretical and experimental studies of properties of the nanoscale
layered aluminum silicates, when they are intercalated by metal ions. There are determined
the interaction mechanisms between layered aluminum silicates and nanoscale additives and
viii Ivan A. Parinov
explains the nature of certain physical properties of these objects. Tthe sorption capacity,
mechanical and electrical properties are studied with comparison of theoretical calculations
performed by the methods of molecular modeling using density functional theory and
molecular dynamics, the modern experimental spectroscopic methods are applied to the study
of electronic structure of these objects. These comparative results reveal correlations of
micro- and macro-properties of the samples.
Chapter 4 discusses the mathematical simulation of the stress and bubbles formation in
sapphire crystals with consideration of the heat and mass transfer at all stages of sapphire
crystal production by estimating the large number of influence factors on crystal growth and
quality and determining the main causes of the defect structure formation in the solid phase.
Moreover, the preliminary results of study of different defects in sapphire polished and non-
polished samples were obtained by means of various experimental methods.
Chapter 5 considers ceramics as physical objects on the base of statistical approach. The
studied objects are the macro- and microheterogeneous (colloidal) ceramic materials with
different types of microheterogeneity (crystal-layer in the ferroelectric ceramics and
antiferromagnetic - ferromagnetic separation in multiferroics). The phenomena of dielectric
relaxation and retardation, electric effect are described together with crystallographic
characteristics of specific multicomponent compositions. Particular attention is paid to the
relationship of the crystallographic characteristics for these objects with their macroscopic
responses. In the context of multifractal investigations of ceramic materials, lead-free
ferroelectric ceramics, solid solutions of lead zirconate-titanate, multiferroics, different solid
solutions of multiple components were studied, with obtaining the results of multifractal
parameterization performed during the different stages of ceramic preparation (synthesis,
sintering, source components’ thermodynamic history, phase states and doping). The
dielectric and pyroelectric properties of multicomponent PbTiO PbZrO PbNb Mg O
3 3 2/3 1/3 3
solid solutions were also investigated with revealing in the temperature dependences of
dynamic pyroelectric current the additional low-temperature peaks, corresponding to the
rhombohedral-tetragonal phase transition.
Chapter 6 generalizes the model of the piezoelectric medium with damping properties
and the Cowin-Nunziato model of the elastic medium with voids. In the generalized Cowin-
Nunziato model, the field functions of mechanical displacements, electric potential and
function of the porosity change are considered with formulations of the generalized continual
statements for piezoelectric bodies with voids or porous and finite element approximation in
the expanded and reduced forms. The mathematical properties of the natural frequencies and
eigenvectors for piezoelectric bodies with voids are also investigated for different types of the
boundary conditions, including the boundary conditions of mechanical and electric contact
types. Some theorems are established on changes of the resonant frequencies with changes of
the boundary conditions and material properties. For numerical analysis, the finite element
approximations of the problems have been obtained for piezoelectric bodies with voids. The
efficiency of the proposed model and finite element approximations is verified by the analysis
of a focusing spherical device, made from porous piezoceramics and emitting ultrasonic
waves in surrounding acoustic medium. Modal, harmonic and transient analysis for single
piezoelectric emitter and full transducers, loaded on the acoustic medium, is carried out.
Chapter 7 treats the methods for online estimating the frequency and amplitude of the
quasi-harmonic oscillations of studied generator and some features of its implementation. The
