Advanced modelling techniques in structural design

277 Pages·2015·35.326 MB·English

by  Fu, Feng

Advanced Modelling Techniques
in Structural Design

Advanced Modelling
Techniques
in Structural Design
Feng Fu
CityUniversityLondon
Thiseditionfirstpublished2015
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Fu,Feng(Engineer)
Advancedmodellingtechniquesinstructuraldesign/FengFu,CityUniversityLondon.
pagescm
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-1-118-82543-3(cloth)
1.Structuralanalysis(Engineering)–Mathematics.2.Structuralframes–Mathematicalmodels.I.
Title.
TA647.F832015
624.1’70151–dc23
2015000700
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Setin10/12ptMinionbyLaserwordsPrivateLimited,Chennai,India
1 2015
Contents
AbouttheAuthor xi
Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xv
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Aimsandscope 1
1.2 Mainstructuraldesignproblems 2
1.3 Introductionoffiniteelementmethod 3
1.3.1 Finiteelementmethods 3
1.3.2 Finiteelementtypes 4
1.4 Conclusion 8
References 8
2 Majormodellingprogramsandbuildinginformation
modelling(BIM) 9
2.1 Fundamentalsofanalysisprograms 9
2.1.1 Selectionofcorrectanalysispackages 9
2.1.2 Basicanalysisprocedures 10
2.2 Buildinginformationmodelling(BIM) 10
2.3 Mainanalysisprogramsincurrentdesignpractice 11
2.3.1 Abaqus® 11
2.3.2 ANSYS 12
2.3.3 SAP2000 12
2.3.4 ETABS 12
2.3.5 Autodeskrobotstructuralanalysisprofessional 13
2.3.6 STAAD.Pro 13
2.4 Majordraughtingprogram 13
2.4.1 AutoCAD 14
2.4.2 AutodeskRevit 14
2.4.3 Rhino3D 14
2.4.4 BentleyMicroStation 15
2.5 Methodtomodelcomplexgeometry 15
2.5.1 ImportgeometryintoSAP2000 16
2.5.2 ImportgeometryintoETABS 19
2.5.3 ImportgeometryintoAbaqus® 21
2.5.4 SetupmodelwithRevit 25
References 25
Softwareandmanuals 25
vi Contents
3 Tallbuildings 26
3.1 Introduction 26
3.2 Structuralsystemsoftallbuildings 26
3.2.1 Gravityloadresistingsystems 26
3.2.2 Lateralloadresistingsystems 27
3.3 Lateralresistingsystemsandmodellingexamples 27
3.3.1 Momentresistingframes(MRF) 27
3.3.2 Shearwalls 28
3.3.3 Bracingsystems 28
3.3.4 Outriggerstructures 29
3.3.5 TubestructuresandmodellingexampleoftheWillisTowers 30
3.3.6 DiagridstructuresandmodellingexampleoftheGherkin 34
3.3.7 Superframe(megaframe)structuresandmodelling
example 45
3.4 ModellingexampleoftheBurjKhalifa 45
3.4.1 Modelsetup 49
3.4.2 Analysisandresult 54
3.5 ModellingexampleofTaipei101withtunedmassdamper(TMD) 55
3.5.1 TMDmodelling 55
3.5.2 TMDmodellingresult 60
3.6 Conclusion 60
References 60
4 Earthquakeanalysisofbuildings 61
4.1 Introduction 61
4.2 Basicearthquakeknowledge 61
4.2.1 Categoriesofearthquakewaves 61
4.2.2 Measurementofearthquake 62
4.3 Basicdynamicknowledge 62
4.3.1 SDOF 62
4.3.2 SDOFunderearthquake 63
4.3.3 MDOFunderearthquake 66
4.3.4 Responsespectrum 67
4.3.5 Modalanalysis 68
4.3.6 ResponsespectrumfromEurocode8 68
4.3.7 Ductilityandmodifiedresponsespectrum 69
4.4 Modellingexampleoftheresponsespectrumanalysisusing
SAP20001 70
4.5 TimehistoryanalysisandmodellingexampleusingSAP2000 81
4.5.1 Fundamentalsoftimehistoryanalysis 81
4.5.2 ModellingexampleoftimehistoryanalysisusingSAP2000 81
4.6 Push-overanalysisandmodellingexampleusingSAP2000 87
4.6.1 Introduction 87
4.6.2 Modellingexampleofpush-overanalysisusingSAP2000 88
References 97
Contents vii
Codesandbuildingregulations 97
Softwareandmanuals 97
5 Progressivecollapseanalysis 98
5.1 Introduction 98
5.2 Designguidanceforprogressivecollapseanalysis 98
5.3 Riskassessment 99
5.4 Designandanalysismethod 99
5.4.1 Indirectdesignmethod 99
5.4.2 Directdesignmethod 100
5.4.3 Selectionofdesignmethod 101
5.4.4 Structuralanalysisproceduresandacceptancecriteria 101
5.5 Modellingexampleofprogressivecollapseanalysisusing
SAP2000–nonlineardynamicprocedure 104
References 112
Codesandbuildingregulations 112
6 Blastandimpactloading 113
6.1 Introduction 113
6.2 Fundamentalsofblastloading 113
6.2.1 Basicdesignprinciples 113
6.2.2 Majorblastattackregimes 114
6.2.3 Blastloadcharacteristics 114
6.2.4 Principleofthescalinglaw 114
6.2.5 Simplificationoftheblastloadprofile 115
6.2.6 Materialbehavioursathighstrain-rate 116
6.2.7 Dynamicresponseandpressureimpulsediagrams 116
6.3 IntroductionofSPHtheory 117
6.4 Modellingexamplesofimpactloadinganalysisusingthecoupled
SPHandFEAmethodinAbaqus® 119
6.4.1 Modellingtechnique 119
6.4.2 Modellingexample 120
References 139
Codesandbuildingregulations 139
Softwareandmanuals 139
7 Structuralfireanalysis 140
7.1 Introduction 140
7.2 Basicknowledgeofheattransfer 140
7.3 Firedevelopmentprocess 141
7.4 Fireprotectionmethod 142
7.4.1 Activesystemcontrol 142
7.4.2 Passivesystemcontrol 143
7.5 Firetemperaturecurve 143
7.6 Determinationofthethermalresponseofstructuralmembers 145
viii Contents
7.7 Structuralfiredesign 145
7.7.1 Firesafetydesignobjectives 145
7.7.2 Firesafetydesignframework 146
7.8 Majormodellingtechniquesforstructuralfireanalysis 146
7.8.1 Zonemodel 146
7.8.2 CFDmodel 146
7.8.3 Finiteelementmethodusingthefiretemperature
curve 147
7.9 ModellingexampleofheattransferanalysisusingAbaqus® 147
7.9.1 Modelsetup 147
7.9.2 Definetheheattransferringparameters 152
7.9.3 Analysis 164
7.9.4 Modelresults 164
7.9.5 Othertypeofslabs 164
References 166
Buildingcodesandregulations 166
8 Spacestructures 167
8.1 Introduction 167
8.2 Typeofspacestructures 167
8.2.1 Doublelayergrids 167
8.2.2 Latticedshellstructures 168
8.2.3 Tensegritydomes 170
8.3 Designload 172
8.3.1 Deadload 172
8.3.2 Liveload 173
8.3.3 Temperatureeffect 173
8.4 Stabilityanalysisofspacestructures 173
8.4.1 Memberbucklinganalysis 173
8.4.2 Localbucklinganalysis 174
8.4.3 Globalbucklinganalysis 175
8.5 ModellingexampleofasinglelayerdomeusingSAP2000
(includingglobalbucklinganalysis 176
8.5.1 Setupa3DmodelinAutoCAD 177
8.5.2 Importthe3DmodelintoSAP2000 177
8.5.3 Defineloadpattern 177
8.5.4 Defineloadcases(includingglobalbucklinganalysis) 177
8.5.5 Runglobalbucklinganalysis 180
8.5.6 Defineloadcombination 183
8.5.7 Analysisandresult 183
8.5.8 Auto-designmodule 185
8.6 NonlineargeometricanalysisofTensegritystructures 185
8.6.1 Theinitialgeometricalequilibrium(formfinding) 185
8.6.2 Staticanalysis 186
8.7 ModellingexampleofTensigritydomeusingSAP2000
(nonlineargeometricalanalysis 187
8.7.1 Setupa3DmodelinRhino 187