Table Of ContentThis book is dedicated to the memory of my mother and my father,
and to my wife and my children, Maey, Hisham, and Mayar.
Contents
Preface......................................................................................................................xv
Author ....................................................................................................................xvii
Chapter 1 Introduction ..........................................................................................1
References ............................................................................................3
Chapter 2 Reinforced Concrete Structures ...........................................................5
2.1 Introduction ...............................................................................5
2.2 Feed, Schematic (Preliminary) Engineering .............................5
2.3 Detailed Engineering .................................................................7
2.4 Different Structure Systems ......................................................7
2.4.1 Beam and Slab System .................................................7
2.4.2 Hollow Block Slab ........................................................8
2.4.3 Pan Joist Floor ............................................................10
2.4.4 Flat Slab ......................................................................10
2.4.5 Prestressed Concrete ..................................................12
2.4.5.1 Pre-Tensioned Concrete ..............................13
2.4.5.2 Bonded Post-Tensioned Concrete ...............13
2.4.5.3 Unbonded Post-Tensioned Concrete ...........15
2.4.6 Hollow Slab ................................................................16
2.4.7 Composite Section ......................................................16
2.5 High-Rise Building .................................................................22
2.5.1 Frames ........................................................................23
2.5.2 Shear Wall ..................................................................24
2.5.3 Shear Wall and Frame System ...................................25
2.5.4 Framed Tube Structure ...............................................25
2.5.5 Cases of High-Rise Buildings ....................................29
2.6 Foundations .............................................................................31
2.6.1 Shallow Foundation ....................................................32
2.6.1.1 Isolated Footing ..........................................33
2.6.1.2 Combined Footing ......................................33
2.6.1.3 Strap Footing ..............................................33
2.6.2 Raft Foundation ..........................................................34
2.6.3 Deep Foundation ........................................................35
2.6.3.1 Timber Piles ................................................37
2.6.3.2 Steel Piles....................................................38
2.6.3.3 Concrete Piles .............................................38
2.6.3.4 Pile Caps .....................................................41
Further Reading ..................................................................................42
vii
viii Contents
Chapter 3 Loads in International Codes .............................................................45
3.1 Introduction .............................................................................45
3.2 Loads .......................................................................................45
3.2.1 Dead Load ..................................................................45
3.2.2 Live Load Characteristics ..........................................51
3.2.2.1 Stochastic Live Load Models......................53
3.2.2.2 Poisson Square Wave Process .....................53
3.2.2.3 Filtered Poisson Process .............................53
3.2.2.4 Analysis of Suggested Model .....................55
3.2.2.5 Methodology and Calculation Procedure .....58
3.2.2.6 Testing of Suggested Model ........................59
3.2.2.7 Verification of Suggested Model Using
Monte Carlo Simulation ..............................60
3.2.2.8 Live Loads in Different Codes ...................62
3.2.3 Wind Load ..................................................................67
3.2.3.1 ANSI Code ..................................................67
3.2.3.2 Wind Tunnel ...............................................68
3.2.3.3 Wind Load in British Specifications ...........69
3.2.3.4 Wind Load in Egyptian Code .....................75
3.2.4 Earthquake Loads ......................................................77
3.2.4.1 UBC 1997 ...................................................78
3.2.4.2 Dynamic Analysis ......................................82
3.2.4.3 Spectrum Analysis Method ........................82
3.2.4.4 Earthquake Calculation in ECP ..................84
3.3 Loads Calculation in European Code ......................................88
3.3.1 Classification of Loads (Actions) ...............................88
3.3.2 Dead Load ..................................................................88
3.3.3 Live Load (Imposed Load) .........................................91
3.3.4 Loads on Roofs ...........................................................93
3.3.4.1 Values of Actions ........................................93
3.3.5 Wind Loads in EC-1 ...................................................95
3.3.5.1 Wind Pressure Distribution ........................96
3.3.6 Load Combination in EC ...........................................98
3.3.6.1 Examples by EC .......................................101
3.4 Comparison of Calculations of Resistance
for Different Codes ................................................................103
3.4.1 Capacity Reduction Factors ......................................103
3.4.2 Probability of Structure Failure ...............................105
3.4.3 Probability-Based Limit States Design ....................106
3.4.4 Reliability Analysis Procedure .................................106
3.4.5 Calculation of Reliability Index ...............................108
3.4.6 Effect of COV of Resistance on Safety Index ..........111
References ........................................................................................114
