Table Of ContentADVANCED BIOFUELS
Using Catalytic Routes
for the Conversion of
Biomass Platform Molecules
© 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc.
© 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc.
ADVANCED BIOFUELS
Using Catalytic Routes
for the Conversion of
Biomass Platform Molecules
Edited by
Juan Carlos Serrano-Ruiz, PhD
© 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc.
CRC Press Apple Academic Press, Inc
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About the Editor
JUAN CARLOS SERRANO-RUIZ, PhD
Dr. Juan Carlos Serrano-Ruiz is licensed in Chemical Sciences by the
University of Granada. He received his PhD in Chemistry and Material
Science from the University of Alicante, Spain. He has visited many labo-
ratories all around the world in his research on biofuel. He was a MEC/
Fulbright Student at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, where he stud-
ied catalytic conversion of biomass. Upon his return to Spain, he accepted
work at the Department of Organic Chemistry at the University of Cor-
doba, where he has continued his work with biofuels. He is the author of
more than fifty scientific publications in international journals, including
an article in Science Magazine on using sugar as a biofuel. He is also the
coinventor of a patent taken out by the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foun-
dation for the conversion of cellulose into diesel and gasoline.
© 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc.
© 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc.
Contents
Acknowledgment and How to Cite .............................................................ix
List of Contributors ....................................................................................xi
Introduction ................................................................................................xv
Part I: Overview
1. Catalysing Sustainable Fuel and Chemical Synthesis .............................3
Adam F. Lee
2. Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Liquid Biomass
for Biofuels Production ............................................................................47
Stella Bezergianni
3. Analytical Approaches in the Catalytic Transformation of
Biomass: What Needs to be Analyzed and Why? ..................................83
Dmitry Murzin and Bjarne Holmbom
Part II: Reaction Routes
4. Catalytic Routes for the Conversion of Biomass into Liquid
Hydrocarbon Transportation Fuels ......................................................115
Juan Carlos Serrano-Ruiz and James A. Dumesic
5. Catalytic Upgrading of Bio-Oil by Reacting with Olefi ns
and Alcohols over Solid Acids: Reaction Paths via Model
Compound Studies ..................................................................................157
Zhijun Zhang, Charles U. Pittman, Jr., Shujuan Sui, Jianping Sun, and Qingwen Wang
6. Emission Abatement at Small-Scale Biomass Combustion Unit
with High-Temperature Catalysts .........................................................189
R. Bindig, S. Butt, and I. Hartmann
7. Catalytic Constructive Deoxygenation of Lignin-Derived Phenols:
New C–C Bond Formation Processes from Imidazole-Sulfonates
and Ether Cleavage Reactions ...............................................................203
Stuart M. Leckie, Gavin J. Harkness, and Matthew L. Clarke
© 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc.
viii Contents
8. Effi cient One-Pot Synthesis of 5-Chloromethylfurfural (CMF)
from Carbohydrates in Mild Biphasic Systems ...................................213
Wenhua Gao, Yiqun Li, Zhouyang Xiang, Kefu Chen,
Rendang Yang, and Dimitris S. Argyropoulos
9. Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica Functionalized with Sulfonic
Acid Groups as Acid Catalyst for Glycerol Acetylation .....................229
Els De Canck, Inmaculada Dosuna-Rodríguez, Eric M. Gaigneaux, and
Pascal Van Der Voort
Part III: Optimizing Catalytic Performance
10. Alkaline and Alkaline-Earth Ceramic Oxides for CO Capture,
2
Separation and Subsequent Catalytic Chemical Conversion .............253
Margarita J. Ramírez-Moreno, Issis C. Romero-Ibarra,
José Ortiz-Landeros, and Heriberto Pfeiffer
Author Notes ....................................................................................................301
Index .................................................................................................................303
© 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc.
Acknowledgment and How to Cite
The editor and publisher thank each of the authors who contributed to
this book. The chapters in this book were previously published in various
places in various formats. To cite the work contained in this book and to
view the individual permissions, please refer to the citation at the begin-
ning of each chapter. Each chapter was read individually and carefully
selected by the editor; the result is a book that provides a nuanced look at
the possibilities of a new generation of biofuels. The chapters included are
broken into three sections, which describe the following topics:
• Chapter 1 describes some breakthroughs in analytical tools and synthetic
approaches toward improved energy efficiency and catalyst stability.
• As a part of a basic overview of this topic, Chapter 2 looks at a range of
processes and applications.
• Again as a part of a basic overview on the book’s topic, Chapter 3 offers
insights into the various analytical methods that are useful for evaluating
the efficiency of catalytic reactions in the transformation of biomass into
usable fuel.
• The authors of Chapter 4 investigate the aqueous-phase routes used for the
reactions that convert sugars into liquid hydrocarbons, focusing on the sus-
tainability of using a small number of reactors with minimum use of hydro-
gen sources from fossil fuels.
• The authors of Chapter 5 select phenol, water, acetic acid, acetaldehyde
hydroxyacetone, D-glucose, and 2-hydroxymethylfuran as typical bio-oil
components and mixed them as a synthetic bio-oil, in order to demonstrate
some of the competing reaction pathways that occur in bio-oil upgrading by
acid-catalyzed alcohol/olefin treatment.
• The authors of Chapter 6 take a novel approach to the problem of high
emissions during small-scale biomass production by investigating the prac-
tical use of catalytic components in a downdraft wood stove.
• The research in Chapter 7 considers some cross-coupling reactions that use
relatively economic nucleophilic partners. The authors propose that this
type of catalysis might be useful for extracting some high-value products
from bio-oil mixtures, and they indentify several new protocols for cross-
coupling.
© 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc.
• The authors of Chapter 8 describe an optimized biphasic system that could
aid the development of a simple and cost-effective protocol for the conver-
sion of various carbohydrates. Their results offer several advantages over
some of the other methodologies, including mild reaction conditions, satis-
factory product yields, and a simple isolation process.
• The recyclability experiments in Chapter 9 indicate that sulfonated Periodic
Mesoporous Organosilica (PMO) is a reusable and stable option as a cata-
lyst in biofuel productions.
• Chapter 10 enhances our understanding of the use of ultrasonic sound
waves to accelerate the transesterification process, which could potentially
lead to substantial improvement in both batch and continuous production
systems, thus making biomass conversion a more sustainable process.
© 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc.
