Table Of ContentREVEL
™
Designed for the way today’s students
read, think, and learn
REVEL is Pearson’s newest way of delivering our respected content. Fully digital and highly
engaging, REVEL offers an immersive learning experience designed for the way today’s students
read, think, and learn. Enlivening course content with media interactives and assessments, REVEL
empowers educators to increase engagement with the course, and to better connect with
students.
Over the course of several years, we worked with tens of thousands of educators and students
to develop REVEL. All of REVEL’s key aspects—from features to content to performance
dashboard reporting—were guided by interactions with our customers. We’ve tested each
REVEL prototype with educators and students from across the country to make sure it
accurately reflects their preferences and facilitates the achievement of their goals. The result is a
new approach to digital learning that gives educators and students precisely what they need, and
nothing more.
To request a demo of REVEL, or for more information, please contact your Pearson representative
and or visit www.pearsonhighered.com/revel .
Dynamic content
REVEL engages students in course material, while giving them the flexibility to learn their way.
Integrated within the author’s narrative, interactives and Located throughout REVEL, quizzing affords students
videos empower students to engage with concepts and take opportunities to check their understanding at regular
an active role in learning. REVEL’s media interactives have intervals before moving on.
been designed using best practices in learning theory to keep
students focused and to increase knowledge retention.
This page intentionally left blank
Adolescence and
Emerging Adulthood
This page intentionally left blank
Adolescence and
Emerging Adulthood
A Cultural Approach
SIXTH EDITION
Jeffrey Jensen Arnett
Clark University
Senior Portfolio Manager: Amber Chow
Content Producer: Cecilia Turner
Content Developer: Shannon LeMay-Finn
Portfolio Manager Assistant: Stephany Harrington
Product Marketer: Christopher Brown
Senior Field Marketer: Debi Doyle
Content Producer Manager: Amber Mackey
Content Development Manager: Sharon Geary
Content Developer, Learning Tools: Christopher Fegan
Art/Designer: Blair Brown
Digital Studio Course Producer: Elissa Senra-Sargent
Project Manager: Ron Watson, Integra
Compositor: Integra
Printer/Binder: LSC Communications, Inc.
Cover Printer: Phoenix Color/Hagerstown
Cover Design: Janet Slowik, Lumina Datamatics
Cover Credit: Pakhnyushchy/Shutterstock, John Lund/Getty Images Ollyy/Shutterstock
Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook
appear on pages 479–482.
Copyright © 2018, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of
America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher
prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material
from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake
Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290.
Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks.
Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designa-
tions have been printed in initial caps or all caps.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication is on file with the Library of Congress
Names: Arnett, Jeffrey Jensen.
Title: Adolescence and emerging adulthood / Jeffrey Jensen Arnett.
Description: 6 Edition. | Hoboken, NJ : Pearson, [2017] | Revised edition of
the author’s Adolescence and emerging adulthood, c2013. | Description based on
print version record and CIP data provided by publisher; resource not viewed.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017013089 (print) | LCCN 2017023057 (ebook) | ISBN 9780134006086 (ebook) |
ISBN 0134006089 (ebook) | ISBN 9780134596877 | ISBN 0134596870
Subjects: LCSH: Adolescence—Cross-cultural studies. | Teenagers—Cross-cultural studies. |
Young adults—Cross-cultural studies. | Adolescent psychology—Cross-cultural studies.
Classification: LCC HQ796 (ebook) | LCC HQ796 .A7255 2017 (print) | DDC 305.235—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017013089
1 17
Student Edition
ISBN 10: 0-134-59687-0
ISBN 13: 978-0-134-59687-7
Books a la Carte Edition
ISBN 10: 0-134-00598-8
ISBN 13: 978-0-134-00598-0
Brief Contents
1 Introduction 1 8 Friends and Peers 226
2 Biological Foundations 37 9 Love and Sexuality 259
3 Cognitive Foundations 67 10 School 298
4 Cultural Beliefs 105 11 Work 331
5 Gender 133 12 Media 361
6 The Self 161 13 Problems and Resilience 384
7 Family Relationships 188
v
This page intentionally left blank
Contents
Preface xii 2 Biological Foundations 37
About the Author xix
The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal
1 Introduction 1 Changes and Physical Growth 38
The Endocrine System 39
Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History 3
THE INITIATION OF PUBERTY IN THE HYPOTHAL AMUS 39 •
Adolescence in Ancient Times 3
THE PITUITARY GLAND AND THE GONADOTROPINS 39 •
Adolescence from 1500 to 1890 5 THE GONADS AND THE SEX HORMONES 40 • THE FEEDBACK
The Age of Adolescence, 1890–1920 5 LOOP IN THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 41
■■ Historical Focus The “Storm and Stress” Debate 8 Physical Growth During Puberty 41
From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood 8 The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity
and Physical Functioning 43
Adolescence Arrives Earlier 9
Primary Sex Characteristics 43
■■ Research Focus The “Monitoring the Future” Study 10
EGG AND SPERM PRODUCTION 44 • THE MALE
Distinctive Features of Emerging Adulthood 11
AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY 44
The Transition to Adulthood 15
Secondary Sex Characteristics 45
The Transition to Adulthood: Cross-Cultural Themes 15
The Order of Pubertal Events 47
The Transition to Adulthood: Cultural Variations 15
■■ Research Focus Tanner’s Longitudinal Research
The Scientific Study of Adolescence and Emerging on Pubertal Development 48
Adulthood 16
Changes in Physical Functioning During
The Scientific Method 16 Puberty 48
■■ Cultural Focus Moroccan Conceptions of Adolescence 17 THE HEART, THE LUNGS, AND PHYSICAL
STEP 1: IDENTIFY A RESEARCH QUESTION 18 • STEP 2: FORM PERFORMANCE 48 • OBESITY 49 • PHYSICAL
A HYPOTHESIS 18 • STEP 3: CHOOSE A RESEARCH METHOD FUNCTIONING IN EMERGING ADULT HOOD 51
AND A RESEARCH DESIGN 18 • STEP 4: COLLECT DATA TO Cultural Responses to Puberty 52
TEST THE HYPOTHESIS 19 • STEP 5: DRAW CONCLUSIONS Culture and the Timing of Puberty 52
AND FORM NEW QUESTIONS AND HYPOTHESES 19
Cultural Responses to Puberty: Puberty Rituals 54
Ethics in Human Development Research 20
■■ Cultural Focus Coming of Age in Samoa 56
Methods and Designs in Research 21
Social and Personal Responses to Puberty 56
Research Methods 21
Parent–Adolescent Relations and Puberty 57
QUESTIONNAIRES 21 • INTERVIEWS 22 •
OBSERVATIONS 22 • ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH 22 • Personal Responses to Menarche and Semenarche 58
CASE STUDIES 23 • BIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS 23 • ■■ Historical Focus Menarche as a Taboo Topic 60
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 24 • NATURAL EXPERIMENTS 24
Early and Late Pubertal Timing 61
Reliability and Validity 25
EARLY AND LATE MATURATION AMONG GIRLS 62 • EARLY
Research Designs 25
AND LATE MATURATION AMONG BOYS 62
CROSS-SECTIONAL RESEARCH 26 • LONGITUDINAL Biological Development and the Environment:
RESEARCH 26
The Theory of Genotype S Environment Effects 63
Adolescence Around the World: A Brief Regional
Passive, Evocative, and Active Genotype S
Overview 27
Environment Effects 63
Sub-Saharan Africa 27
PASSIVE GENOTYPE S ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS 63 •
North Africa and the Middle East 28 EVOCATIVE GENOTYPE S ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS 64 •
Asia 28 ACTIVE GENOTYPE S ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS 64
India 29 Genotype S Environment Effects Over Time 64
Summing Up 65 • Key Terms 66
Latin America 30
The West 30 3 Cognitive Foundations 67
Other Themes of the Text 31
Interdisciplinary Approach 31 Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development 69
Gender Issues 32 Basic Principles of Piaget’s Theory 69
Globalization 32 Stages of Cognitive Development in Childhood
Summing Up 33 • Key Terms 36 and Adolescence 70
vii
