Table Of ContentADAPTIVE FILTERING
Edited by Lino García Morales
Adaptive Filtering
Edited by Lino García Morales
Published by InTech
Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
Copyright © 2011 InTech
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Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic
Cover Designer Jan Hyrat
Image Copyright Designus, 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com
First published July, 2011
Printed in Croatia
A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
Additional hard copies can be obtained from [email protected]
Adaptive Filtering, Edited by Lino García Morales
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-307-158-9
free online editions of InTech
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Contents
Preface IX
Part 1 Fundamentals, Convergence, Performance 1
Chapter 1 Convergence Evaluation of a Random
Step-Size NLMS Adaptive Algorithm in
System Identification and Channel Equalization 3
Shihab Jimaa
Chapter 2 Steady-State Performance Analyses of Adaptive Filters 19
Bin Lin and Rongxi He
Chapter 3 The Ultra High Speed LMS Algorithm
Implemented on Parallel Architecture
Suitable for Multidimensional Adaptive Filtering 47
Marwan Jaber
Chapter 4 An LMS Adaptive Filter Using
Distributed Arithmetic - Algorithms and Architectures 89
Kyo Takahashi, Naoki Honma and Yoshitaka Tsunekawa
Part 2 Complex Structures, Applications and Algorithms 107
Chapter 5 Adaptive Filtering Using Subband Processing:
Application to Background Noise Cancellation 109
Ali O. Abid Noor, Salina Abdul Samad and Aini Hussain
Chapter 6 Hirschman Optimal
Transform (HOT) DFT Block LMS Algorithm 135
Osama Alkhouli, Victor DeBrunner and Joseph Havlicek
Chapter 7 Real-Time Noise Cancelling Approach
on Innovations-Based Whitening Application
to Adaptive FIR RLS in Beamforming Structure 153
Jinsoo Jeong
VI Contents
Chapter 8 Adaptive Fuzzy Neural Filtering for Decision
Feedback Equalization and Multi-Antenna Systems 169
Yao-Jen Chang and Chia-Lu Ho
Chapter 9 A Stereo Acoustic Echo
Canceller Using Cross-Channel Correlation 195
Shigenobu Minami
Chapter 10 EEG-fMRI Fusion:
Adaptations of the Kalman Filter for Solving a
High-Dimensional Spatio-Temporal Inverse Problem 233
Thomas Deneux
Chapter 11 Adaptive-FRESH Filtering 259
Omar A. Yeste Ojeda and Jesús Grajal
Chapter 12 Transient Analysis of a
Combination of Two Adaptive Filters 297
Tõnu Trump
Chapter 13 Adaptive Harmonic IIR Notch
Filters for Frequency Estimation and Tracking 313
Li Tan, Jean Jiang and Liangmo Wang
Chapter 14 Echo Cancellation for Hands-Free Systems 333
Artur Ferreira and Paulo Marques
Chapter 15 Adaptive Heterodyne Filters 359
Michael A. Soderstrand
Preface
A digital filter is a structure that transforms sequences of numbers to others from its
input to its output (signals) and models thus the behavior of a real system. The model
or transfer function is a simplified mathematical representation of the system. The
structure of the filter consists of a few elements: delays, multipliers, adders and, less
often, functions whose magnitude, combination and number determine its
characteristics. An adaptive filter, however, is able to self-adjust the parameters of
such elements in time (the coefficients of the multipliers for example) according to
certain algorithm and thus the relationship between the input and output sequences to
adapt itself to the changes of the complex system that represents. This update takes
place, usually, by minimizing a cost function in an iterative scheme.
Digital adaptive filters are, therefore, very popular in any implementation of signal
processing where the system modelled and/or the input signals are time-variants; such
as the echo cancellation, active noise control, blind channel equalization, etc.,
corresponding to problems of system identification, inverse modeling, prediction,
interference cancellation, etc.
Any design of an adaptive filter focuses its attention on some of its components:
structure (transversal, recursive, lattice, systolic array, non-linear, transformed
domain, etc.), cost function (mean square error, least squares), coefficient update
algorithm (no memory, block, gradient, etc.); to get certain benefits: robustness,
speed of convergence, misalignment, tracking capacity, computational complexity,
delay, etc.
This book is composed of 15 motivating chapters written by researchers and
professionals that design, develop and analyze different combinations or variations of
the components of the adaptive filter and apply them to different areas of knowledge.
The first part of the book is devoted to the adaptive filtering fundamentals and
evaluation of their performances while the second part presents structures and
complex algorithms in specific applications.
This information is very interesting not only for all those who work with
technologies based on adaptive filtering but also for teachers and professionals
X Preface
interested in the digital signal processing in general and in how to deal with the
complexity of real systems in particular: non-linear, time-variants, continuous, and
unknown.
Lino García Morales
Audiovisual Engineering and Communication Department
Polytechnic University of Madrid
Spain
