Table Of ContentACTIONABLE
INTELLIGENCE
Using Integrated Data Systems to
Achieve a More Eff ective, Effi cient,
and Ethical Government
JOHN FANTUZZO
Edited by
DENNIS P. CULHANE
&
Actionable Intelligence
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Actionable Intelligence
Using Integrated Data Systems to
Achieve a More Effective, Efficient,
and Ethical Government
Edited By
John Fantuzzo and Dennis P. Culhane
Palgrave
macmillan
ACTIONABLE INTELLIGENCE
Copyright © John Fantuzzo and Dennis P. Culhane, 2015.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2015 978-1-137-47510-7
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication
may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication
may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission. In
accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act
1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued
by the copyright Licesing Agency, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London
EC1N 8TS.
Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication
may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
First published 2016 by
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN
The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this
work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited,
registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke,
Hampshire, RG21 6XS.
Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of Nature America, Inc., One New
York Plaza, Suite 4500, New York, NY 10004- 1562.
Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies
and has companies and representatives throughout the world.
ISBN 978-1-349-55284-9
E-PDF ISBN: 978-1-137-47511-4
DOI: 10.1057/9781137475114
Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data is available from the
Library of Congress.
A catalogue record for the book is available from the British Library.
Contents
List of Illustrations vii
Preface ix
Acknowledgements xiii
1 Introduction to the Actionable Intelligence Model 1
John Fantuzzo, Dennis Culhane, Heather Rouse,
and Cassandra Henderson
2 Legal Issues in the Use of Electronic Data Systems
for Social Science Research 39
John Petrila
3 Quality Issues in the Use of Administrative Data Records 77
Aileen Rothbard
4 An Overview of Architectures and Techniques for
Integrated Data Systems Implementation 105
Prashant Kumar
5 Ethical Use of Administrative Data for Research Purposes 125
Paul G. Stiles and Roger A. Boothroyd
6 Benefit- Cost Analysis and Integrated Data Systems 157
Richard O. Zerbe and Tyler A. Scott
7 The AISP Network: Three Organizational Models for
Building, Using, and Sustaining Integrated Data Systems 169
Erika M. Kitzmiller and TC Burnett
8 Demonstrating the Value of Integrated Data Systems:
Data- Use Practice in Four AISP Network Sites 191
Erika M. Kitzmiller
vi (cid:79) Contents
9 Future Opportunities for Leveraging IDS and
Evidence-B ased Policy Making 207
Dennis P. Culhane, Whitney A. LeBoeuf, and TC Burnett
List of Contributors 223
Index 227
Illustrations
Figures
Figure 1.1 Policy process 3
Figure 1.2 Dysfunctional public administration 4
Figure 1.3 Cycle of actionable intelligence 12
Figure 1.4 Configuration of key contributors to AI 13
Figure 1.5 Developmental hierarchy of needs for IDS 23
Figure 4.2 Transformation of data from functional
context to cross- functional context 109
Figure 4.3 Using a client index to locate client data
in operational data systems 110
Figure 4.4 Hybrid architecture including federated
data and data warehouse 112
Figure 4.7 Using a rules engine to filter confidential data 121
Figure 6.1 Naïve decision- tool model 158
Figure 6.2 Realistic decision- tool model 159
Figure 7.1 Organizational models in the AISP network 172
Figure 8.1 Data shared between DHS and PPS 194
Figure 8.2 PPS student involvement in human services
since 2002 and within the past year 195
Figure 8.3 Data sources for RDA study 197
Figure 8.4 Data used in risk and resiliency study 200
Figure 8.5 Data used in multisite crossover youth study 203
Tables
Table 4.1 Orienting IDS Design for Distinct Usage Scenarios 106
Table 4.5 Link cascades 118
Table 4.6 Higher adhesion factor over time 119
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Preface
Complex, multifaceted social problems in the United States, like disaster relief,
homelessness, health disparities, and academic achievement gaps, cannot be
adequately addressed with isolated and disconnected public- service agencies.
Complex social problems require a more holistic government response, one that
integrates relevant information across diverse service systems to produce a more
responsive and effective government.
The Obama administration has wholeheartedly responded to this need for
transforming government services through increased collaboration, transpar-
ency, and accountability. Obama’s Open Government Partnership has charged
departments and agencies to generate innovative cross- cutting initiatives that
recognize the critical role integrated data can play in advancing innovation. The
Department of Education, for example, has introduced the Promise Neigh-
borhoods program. The aim of this initiative is to explicitly use information
across service agencies to meet the diverse needs of children and families in
targeted geographic areas. Health- care reform programming, directed by the
Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) and the Institute of Med-
icine, has involved major collaborative programs like the Community Health
Data Initiative. In response to public requests and executive planning, DHHS
released aggregate data on regional and service-l inked health outcomes, which
now inform community health decision making. The Department of Hous-
ing and Urban Development has recently initiated the Choice Neighborhoods
program. This initiative looks to transform distressed neighborhoods and pub-
lic/assisted housing projects by targeting local collaboration between housing,
economic development, early childhood education, and other social- service
providers. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has emphasized the
critical role that integrated administrative data can play in improving the effec-
tiveness of government programs. OMB has recently issued memoranda calling
for the expanded capacity and use of evaluation and evidence in government
decision making, underscoring the importance of this use to the evaluation
of cross- program effects. We are now in a national context where our federal
government recognizes that the complex problems that confront Americans are
