ACSM’s Behavioral Aspects of Physical Activity and Exercise

242 Pages·2013·15.058 MB·English

by  ACSM

ACSM’s
Behavioral Aspects of
Physical Activity
and Exercise
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ACSM’s
Behavioral Aspects of
Physical Activity
and Exercise
EDITOR
Claudio R. Nigg, PhD
Director: Health Behavior Change Research Workgroup
Department of Public Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine
University of Hawaii at Manoa
Honolulu, Hawaii
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Acquisitions Editor: Emily Lupash
Managing Editor: Meredith L. Brittain
Marketing Manager: Shauna Kelley
Vendor Manager: Alicia Jackson
Manufacturing Coordinator: Margie Orzech
Designer: Holly McLaughlin
Compositor: S4Carlisle Publishing Services
ACSM Publication Committee Chair: Walter R. Thompson, PhD, FACSM, FAACVPR
ACSM Group Publisher: Katie Feltman
Umbrella Editor: Jonathan K. Ehrman, PhD, FACSM

Copyright © 2014 American College of Sports Medicine

All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written
permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book
prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. To
request permission, please contact Lippincott Williams & Wilkins at 530 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19106, via email at
[email protected], or via website at lww.com (products and services).

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
ACSM’s behavioral aspects of physical activity and exercise / editor, Claudio R. Nigg.
p. ; cm.
Behavioral aspects of physical activity and exercise
Includes bibliographical references and index.
E-ISBN 978-1-4511-3211-3 (alk. paper)
I. Nigg, Claudio R., editor of compilation. II. American College of Sports Medicine,
issuing body. III. Title: Behavioral aspects of physical activity and exercise.
[DNLM: 1. Exercise—psychology. 2. Health Behavior. 3. Motivation.
4. Patient Compliance—psychology. QT 255]
RA781
613.7’1—dc23
2013012305
DISCLAIMER
Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information present and to describe generally accepted practices. However, the authors,
editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and
make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication. Application
of this information in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner; the clinical treatments described and
recommended may not be considered absolute and universal recommendations.
The authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accordance
with the current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government
regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for
each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the
recommended agent is a new or infrequently employed drug.
Some drugs and medical devices presented in this publication have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for limited use in
restricted research settings. It is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the FDA status of each drug or device planned for use
in their clinical practice.

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To my daughter, Zoe Nigg — You make it all worthwhile.
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Preface
Our understanding of why people change their physical activity has grown substantially in the past century.
But much less is written or known about how people change their physical activity, or what people do or use to
become physically active on a regular basis. (If physical activity were available as a pill, it would be the most
often prescribed pill!)
ACSM’s Behavioral Aspects of Physical Activity and Exercise was written to fill this gap for the practitioner and
student alike. For practitioners, the book provides information for use in the field for trying to motivate
individuals to become more active. For students, the text shows how to change and promote physical activity.
Whether you are a practitioner or a student, you will find useful the tools, tricks, techniques, how-to’s, and
strategies for the promotion of physical activity provided by our expert authors.
ORGANIZATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
The book is organized as follows:
First, Chapter 1 provides a theoretical foundation — the leading theories of physical activity behavior
change, in the belief that practical applications are based on good theories.
Second, Chapter 2 addresses the idea that we cannot change what we cannot measure by providing know-
how to assess the relevant aspects of physical activity (i.e., what you need to know about the people you are
trying to motivate).
Third, the main body of the book addresses how to change physical activity behavior. These chapters
contain the majority of the tools, tricks, techniques, how-to’s, and strategies that you can use to help people
get active and stay active. This part of the book covers a broad range of topics, from how you can help clients
acquire the necessary skills (Chapter 3), to addressing how ready the client is (Chapter 4), to how to
communicate with the client (Chapter 5), to delivering physical activity messages using different media
(Chapter 6).
Fourth, we provide the broader picture. This includes chapters about how to influence the environment and
policy to help motivate people (Chapter 7), how to approach different populations (Chapter 8), and how to
practically evaluate physical activity programs (Chapter 9).
Finally, the last chapter (Chapter 10) focuses on the practical applications of professional skills, behaviors,
and other factors that can facilitate or impede behavior change.
FEATURES
The book is intended to be engaging, easily applied, and useful in your efforts to help people become more
physically active. To this end, most of the chapters include each of the following features:
• Concept Overview briefly sets the stage for the chapter.
• From the Practical Toolbox sections contain forms, checklists, charts, worksheets, and other resources that
can be used immediately. (A collection of all the tools in the book is available on the book’s companion
Web site; see the “Additional Resources” section that follows for more information.)
• Evidence sections include explanations of the latest research that support concrete recommendations.
• Step-by-Step applications are specific, user-friendly instructions that explain client-motivation techniques.
• Case Scenarios emphasize real-world application of the material.
• Take-Home Messages highlight the most important parts of the chapter.
In addition, for those of you who are instructors, several resources are included on the book’s companion
Web site, such as a Brownstone test generator, PowerPoint presentations, an image bank, and Learning
Management System cartridges. See the “Additional Resources” section that follows for more information.
All the people involved in this project sincerely hope that it will help you to help people become physically
active. Thank you for what you do and enjoy the book.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I would like to thank the following people for their valuable contributions, without which this book would not
have happened: the chapter authors for buying into this approach and writing to make a difference; Katie
Amato and Ashley Tsumoto for editorial support for the chapters; Angie Chastain for keeping me organized
(and on top of e-mails); Amanda Whittal for her support in copyediting Chapter 2; and the ACSM and
Wolters Kluwer editorial team for their professionalism and their expertise. Finally, I would like to
acknowledge ACSM for their vision in asking me to put this book together.
Claudio R. Nigg, PhD
Editor
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
ACSM’s Behavioral Aspects of Physical Activity and Exercise includes additional resources for both instructors
and students that are available on the book’s companion Web site at http://thepoint.lww.com/ACSMBehav.
Instructors
Approved adopting instructors will be given access to the following additional resources:
• Brownstone test generator
• PowerPoint presentations
• Image bank
• Learning Management System cartridges
Students
Students who have purchased ACSM’s Behavioral Aspects of Physical Activity and Exercise have access to the
following additional resources:
• A collection of all the practical tools in the book, such as forms, checklists, charts, worksheets, and other
resources
In addition, purchasers of the text can access the searchable full text on-line by going to the ACSM’s
Behavioral Aspects of Physical Activity and Exercise Web site at http://thePoint.lww.com/ACSMBehav. See the
inside front cover of this text for more details, including the passcode you will need to gain access to the Web
site.
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Contributors
Kacie Allen, BS
Virginia Tech
Blacksburg, Virginia
Chapter 9: Evaluating Physical Activity Behavior Change Programs and Practices
Adrian Bauman, MD, MPH, PhD
University of Sydney
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Chapter 7: Influencing Policy and Environments to Promote Physical Activity Behavior Change
Ute Bültmann, PhD
University Medical Center Groningen
Groningen, The Netherlands
Chapter 2: Assessing Your Client’s Physical Activity Behavior, Motivation, and Individual Resources
Lauren Capozzi, BSc
University of Calgary
Alberta, Canada
Chapter 8: Promoting Physical Activity Behavior Change: Population Considerations
Brian Cook, PhD
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky
Chapter 4: Building Motivation: How Ready Are You?
S. Nicole Culos-Reed, PhD
University of Calgary
Alberta, Canada
Chapter 8: Promoting Physical Activity Behavior Change: Population Considerations
Danielle Symons Downs, PhD
The Pennsylvania State University
State College, Pennsylvania
Chapter 1: Why Do People Change Physical Activity Behavior?
Paul Estabrooks, PhD
Virginia Tech
Blacksburg, Virginia
Chapter 9: Evaluating Physical Activity Behavior Change Programs and Practices
Carol Ewing Garber, PhD, ACSM-PD, ACSM-RCEP, ACSM-HFS
Columbia University
New York, New York
Chapter 10: Professional Practice and Practical Tips for the Application of Behavioral Strategies for the Physical
Activity Practitioner
Klaus Gebel, PhD
University of Sydney
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Chapter 7: Influencing Policy and Environments to Promote Physical Activity Behavior Change
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Heather Hausenblas, PhD
Jackson University
Jacksonville, Florida
Chapter 1: Why Do People Change Physical Activity Behavior?
Eric Hekler, PhD
Arizona State University
Phoenix, Arizona
Chapter 6: How to Deliver Physical Activity Messages
Sara Johnson, PhD
Pro-Change Behavior Systems, Inc.
West Kingston, Rhode Island
Chapter 4: Building Motivation: How Ready Are You?
Julia Kolodziejczyk, MS
San Diego State University
University of California, San Diego
Chapter 6: How to Deliver Physical Activity Messages
Kristina Kowalski, BSc, MSc, PhD(c)
University of Victoria
British Columbia, Canada
Chapter 3: Building Skills to Promote Physical Activity
Blake Krippendorf, BS
Virginia Tech
Blacksburg, Virginia
Chapter 9: Evaluating Physical Activity Behavior Change Programs and Practices
Sonia Lippke, PhD
Jacobs University
Bremen, Germany
Chapter 2: Assessing your Client’s Physical Activity Behavior, Motivation, and Individual Resources
Rona Macniven, MSc, BSc
University of Sydney
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Chapter 7: Influencing Policy and Environments to Promote Physical Activity Behavior Change
Greg Norman, PhD
University of California - San Diego
San Diego, California
Chapter 6: How to Deliver Physical Activity Messages
Serena Parks, PhD
Virginia Tech
Blacksburg, Virginia
Chapter 9: Evaluating Physical Activity Behavior Change Programs and Practices
Heather Patrick, PhD
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, Maryland
Chapter 5: Communication Skills to Elicit Physical Activity Behavior Change: How to Talk to the Client
Kimberly Perez, MA, ACSM-HFS
Focus Personal Training Institute
New York, New York
Chapter 10: Professional Practice and Practical Tips for the Application of Behavioral Strategies for the Physical
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Activity Practitioner
Ernesto Ramirez, MS
University of California - San Diego
San Diego, California
Chapter 6: How to Deliver Physical Activity Messages
Erica Rauff, MS
The Pennsylvania State University
State College, Pennsylvania
Chapter 1: Why Do People Change Physical Activity Behavior?
Ken Resnicow, PhD
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Chapter 5: Communication Skills to Elicit Physical Activity Behavior Change: How to Talk to the Client
Ryan Rhodes, PhD
University of Victoria
British Columbia, Canada
Chapter 3: Building Skills to Promote Physical Activity
Erin Smith, MA
Virginia Tech
Blacksburg, Virginia
Chapter 9: Evaluating Physical Activity Behavior Change Programs and Practices
Pedro J. Teixeira, PhD
Technical University of Lisbon
Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
Chapter 5: Communication Skills to Elicit Physical Activity Behavior Change: How to Talk to the Client
Claudia Voelcker-Rehage, PhD
Jacobs University
Bremen, Germany
Chapter 2: Assessing your Client’s Physical Activity Behavior, Motivation, and Individual Resources
Geoffrey Williams, MD, PhD
University of Rochester
Rochester, New York
Chapter 5: Communication Skills to Elicit Physical Activity Behavior Change: How to Talk to the Client
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