Table Of ContentAcousticallmaging
Volume 21
Edited by
Joie Pierce Jones
University of California at Irvine
Irvine, California
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
The Library of Congress cataloged the first volume of this series as follows:
International Symposium on Acoustical Holography.
Acoustical holography; proceedings. v. 1-
New York, Plenum Press, 1967-
v. illus. (part col.), ports. 24 cm.
Editors: 1967- . A. F. Metherell and 1. Larmore (1967 with H. M. A. el-Sum)
Symposium for 1967- held at the Douglas Advanced Research Laboratories, Huntington
Beach, Calif.
1. Acoustic holography-Congresses--Collected works. 1. Metherell. Alexander A., ed.
II. Larmore, Lewis, ed. III. el-Sum, Hussein Mohammed Amin, ed. IV. Douglas Advanced
Resarch Laboratories, v. Title.
QC244.5.I.5 69-12533
Proceedings ofthe 21st International Symposium on Acoustical Imaging,
held March 28-30, 1994, in Laguna Beach, California
ISBN 978-1-4613-5797-1 ISBN 978-1-4615-1943-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-1943-0
© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Plenum Press in 1995
1098765432 1
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any
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INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE
FOR THE
21ST INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ACOUSTICAL IMAGING
Professor Joie Pierce Jones (USA)
(Chairman of the Symposium and Editor of the Proceedings)
* * * *
Professor Pierre Alais (France)
Professor Yoshinao Aoki (Japan)
Dr. Walter Arnold (Germany)
Professor Abdullah Atalar (Turkey)
Dr. Jeff Bamber (UK)
Dr. Valentin Burov (Russia)
Professor G. Busse (Germany)
Professor Noriyoshi Chubachi (Japan)
Professor Adam Dziewonski (USA)
Professor Helmut Ermert (Germany)
Mr. Ken Erikson (USA)
Dr. Yin Feng (China)
Dr. Katherine Ferrara (USA)
Professor Leonard Ferrari (USA)
Professor Mathias Fink (France)
Professor Ian Galton (USA)
Dr. Woon Siong Gan (Singapore)
Dr. Jim Greenleaf (USA)
Professor Benli Gu (China)
Professor C.R. Hill (UK)
Dr. Hugh Jones (Canada)
Dr. Larry Kessler (USA)
Dr. Fred Lizzi (USA)
Professor Hua Lee (USA)
Dr. Sidney Leeman (UK)
Professor Leonardo Masotti (Italy)
Professor Vernon Newhouse (USA)
Professor Bill O'Brien (USA)
Professor Song Bai Park (Korea)
Dr. John Powers (USA)
Professor Takuso Sato (Japan)
Dr. John Thijssen (The Netherlands)
Professor Piero Tortoli (Italy)
Professor Chen Tsai (USA)
Professor Olaf von Ramm (USA)
Professor Bob Waag (USA)
Professor Glen Wade (USA)
Professor P.N.T. Wells (UK)
Acoustical Imaging
Volume 21
PREFACE
This volume represents the proceedings of the 21 st International Symposium on
Acoustical Imaging, which was held at the Surf and Sand Hotel in Laguna Beach, California,
March 28-30, 1994. These unique and highly interdisciplinary series of symposiums have met at
intervals of roughly 18 months over the past 30 some years. In general these meetings are
devoted to all aspects and all fields of imaging that use acoustics. The meetings are usually small,
with 100 to 200 participants, and stimulate useful interchanges across disciplines. These are the
only regular meetings where the major researchers in all areas of acoustical imaging can come
together to interchange ideas and new concepts. The Acoustical Imaging Symposiums have long
been regarded as the premier meeting of this type in the general field of acoustics. The highly
regarded and carefully edited proceedings have been published regularly by Plenum Press. I am
proud and honored to serve as editor of the 21st volume in this series.
The 21st Symposium was attended by well over 100 participants from some 18
countries. During the three day symposium, 94 scientific presentations were given, 66 as formal
lectures and 28 in a poster format. Sufficient time was available during the conference, both
following the presentations and informally during meals and breaks, for active discussions among
all participants. Over 80 of the presentations have been selected for inclusion in these
proceedings. Among these are three invited tutorials designed to provide an overview in three
very different areas of development. The invited presentations include "Time Reversal Mirrors"
by Mathias Fink from the University of Paris, "Diffraction Tomography Revisited" by Sidney
Leeman and colleagues from King's College London, and "Piezocomposite Materials for
Acoustical Imaging Transducers" by Wally Smith from the Office of Naval Research in the
United States.
As editor and meeting chairman, I owe a substantial debt of gratitude to many individuals
and organizations for helping to make the symposium and this volume a success. First, of
course, thanks must go to the authors and their research groups who contributed such excellent
material to this meeting. This series of symposiums has always been characterized by
presentations of the highest quality. Such quality is particularly evident this year. Even a casual
reading of this volume will demonstrate the great diversity and high standards that characterize
the ongoing activities in acoustical imaging. Those critics who thought that acoustics began and
ended with Lord Rayleigh have been proven sorely wrong.
Much thanks must also go to the International Advisory Committee. This group, whose
membership is detailed following this Preface, reviewed the abstracts, solicited participants as
well as funding, offered good advice, and assisted in all aspects of the meeting organization.
Particular thanks go to several chairmen of previous symposiums for their wise council and
practical suggestions. These include Hua Lee, Glen Wade, Helmut Ermert, Larry Kessler, and
John Powers.
vii
These symposiums would be impossible to organize without outside financial support.
Various units within the University of California have been most generous in spite of a very
difficult economic period. At the Irvine Campus, the Office of Research and Graduate Studies,
the Department of Radiological Sciences, and the Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering were all very supportive. At the Santa Barbara Campus, the Center for High Speed
Image Processing was equally generous. Special thanks go to the National Science Foundation for
their continuing support of these symposiums and to Dr. George Lea, in particular, at NSF for
his long standing encouragement and enthusiasm.
Finally, if the reader will permit a personal note, the editorwould like to thank his wife
Becky Jones, for assisting in almost every aspect of this symposium. The efficient organization
and relaxed ambiance of the meeting was due in large part to her skills and tireless effort. As the
editor's companion and best friend for many years, she made my task always bearable and most
times even fun.
The 22nd International Symposium on Acoustical Imaging will be held in Florence, Italy,
September 4-6,1995. Professor Piero Tortoli of the University of Florence will serve as
Chairman.
Joie Pierce Jones
University of California at Irvine
viii
CONTENTS
WAVE PROPAGATION
Time Reversal Mirrors .................................................................................................... 1
M. Fink
Theoretical Study of Focusing Techniques
through Plane Interfaces: Comparison
between Time-Reversal Methods and
Fermat's Surface Techniques ................................................................................ 17
D. Cassereau and M. Fink
Lamb Wave Propagation in Multilayered
Anisotropic Solids and Its Application
towards Imaging Material Defects ....................................................................... 23
W. Yang and T. Kundu
A Comparison of the Transient Propagation
Properties of Gaussian and Bessel Waves ........................................................... 31
J.P. Powers, W. Reid, J.G. Upton, and R. Van de Veire
Ultrasonic Pulse Reflection from a Graded
Boundary of a Plane Surface ............................................................................... 39
S. Lees and M. Weber
Simulation Calculations for Monofrequent
Sound Fields in Layered Media .......................................................................... .4 7
E. Kuehnicke
Effect of Nonlinearity on the Propagation
of Shear Acoustic Waves along
the Interface between Two Crystals ................................................................... 55
V.I. Gorentsveig, Y.S. Kivshar,
and E.S. Syrkin
INVERSE SCATTERING
Diffraction Tomography Revisited .............................................................................. 73
S. Leeman, A.1. Healy, M. Betts,
and J.P. Jones
ix
Applications of Solid-Angle Functions
in Acoustical Scattering ....................................................................................... 81
lM. Richardson, G. Wade, and G. Goebel
Computerized Simulations for Reflective Diffracted
Tomography by an Iteration Method ................................................................. 93
x.P. Tao, lC. Cheng, S.R. Fang, and S.Y. Zhang
Exact Inverse Scattering Solutions in Multi-Dimensions ........................................... 10 1
V.A. Burov and O.D. Rumiantseva
Reconstructing the Shape of an Object in an
Isotropic Solid ................................................................................................... 113
V.A. Burov and I.P. Prudnikova
TRANSDUCERS AND ARRAYS
Piezocomposite Materials for Acoustical
Imaging Transducers .......................................................................................... 121
W.A. Smith
A New Three-Dimensional Model for Circular
Piezoelectric Transducers .................................................................................. 139
A. Iula, N. Lamberti, G. Caliano, and
M. Pappalardo
Comparison of Sidelobes of Limited Diffraction
Beams and Localized Waves .............................................................................. 145
lY. Lu and IF. Greenleaf
Ferroelectric Polymer Array Sensors for
UItrasoni c Imaging in Air ................................................................................... 153
I. Capineri, A.S. Fiorillo, and S. Rocchi
Experimental Results on Phase Aberration
Correction for Two-Dimensional
Conformal Arrays .............................................................................................. 161
P.C. Li and M. O'Donnell
. Active Imaging Analysis via Ellipsoidal
Projections ......................................................................................................... 171
F. Anderson and F. Morgan
Novel Air Borne Ultrasound Transducer. .................................................................. 183
H. Dabirikhah and C.M. Turner
Acoustic Sensors Using Langmuir-Blodgett
Films .................................................................................................................. 191
A.M. Kosevich, E.S. Syrkin, and
M.V. Voinova
x
Phased Array Tansesophageal Endoscope
for Pediatrics ...................................................................................................... 201
lE. Piel, R.S. Lewandowski, P. W. Lorraine, L.S. Smith,
and DJ. Sahn
Curved Array Imaging for Navigation
in an Unknown Environment. ............................................................................ 211
D.W. Purcell and lP. Huissoon
NOVEL IMAGING METHODS AND SYSTEMS
Biophysical Bases of Elasticity Imaging ................................................................... .223
A. Sarvazyan, A. Skovoroda, S. Emelianov,
lB. Fowlkes, lG. Pipe, R.S. Adler,
R.B. Buxton, and P.L. Carson
Reconstructive Elasticity Imaging .............................................................................. 241
S. Emelianov, A.R. Skovoroda, M.A. Lubinski, and
M. O'Donnell
Imaging System of Precise Hardness Distribution
in Soft Tissue In-Vivo Using
Forced Vibration and
Ultrasonic Detection .......................................................................................... 253
K. Fujii, T. Sato, K. Kameyama,
T. Inoue, K. Yokoyama, and
K. Kobayashi
Speckle Definitions ....................................... '" ........................................................... 259
AJ. Healey and S. Leeman
Algebraic Approach to Ultrasonic B-Mode
Imaging for Resolution
Enhancement. ..................................................................................................... 270
X.L. Xu, H. Zou, and IF. Greenleaf
Pulse Coding in Medical Ultrasound: Some
Possible Applications ........................................................................................ 281
N.A.H.K. Rao, R. Raman, P. Chandraroy,
S. Venkatraman, and D.L. Yang
A Nonlinear Theory for Diffraction Tomography,
The Fractal Diffraction ...................................................................................... 291
W.S. Gan
Nonlinear Parameter Tomography by
Secondary Sound Waves ................................................................................... .299
XF. Gong, D. Zhang,
and P. Day
xi
Low Frequency Acoustical Imaging
Using a Vibrating Tip ........................................................................................ .305
F. Sthal and B. Cretin
A New Field Measurement Technique
for Ultrasonic Computed Tomography ............................................................ .313
M. Betts, A. Healy, and S. Leeman
Low Bit-Rate Imaging in Scanning
Tomographic Acoustical Microscopy ............................................................... 321
S.D. Kent and H. Lee
Single-Channel Digital Demodulation
of Ultrasound Bandpass
Signals for Flow-Imaging
Applications ..................................................................................................... .331
L. Bessi, G. Guidi,
C. Atzeni, and P. Tortoli
Acoustical Imaging Using an Optimal
Combination of Signal Prefiltering
and Pulse Compression .................................................................................... .337
H. Ermert, M. Pollakowski,
C. Passmann, and L. von Bemus
Splatting and Splines in 3-D Medical
Ultrasound Imaging ........................................................................................... .349
TJ. Pitt, L.A. Ferrari, A. Healey, R.A. Reynolds,
and K.N. Humphries
Spatial Filtering of Partially Coherent
Acoustical Images .............................................................................................. 357
A. Khil'ko
Experimental Image-Reconstruction of
Diffraction Tomography with
Data Obtained by Compound
Scanning a Pair of Transducers .......................................................................... 365
K. Nagai, T. Yokoyama, and K. Mizutani
Towards More Informative Pulse-Echo
Images of Thin Membranes ............................................................................... 373
AJ. Healey, S. Leeman, M. Restori,
and J. Allaway
A New Consideration of Diffraction Computed
Tomography for Breast Imaging:
Studies in Phantoms and Patients ...................................................................... 379
M.P. Andre, P.l Martin, G.P. Otto, LK Olson,
T. Barrett, B.A. Spivey, and
D.A. Paliner
xii
