Table Of ContentACOUSTICAL
HOLOGRAPHY
Volume 6
ACOUSTICAL
HOLOGRAPHY
Volume 1-Proceedings of the First International Symposium,
December 1967, edited by A. F. Metherell, H.M.A. El-Sum,
and Lewis Larmore
Volume 2-Proceedings of the Second International Symposium,
March 1969, edited by A. F. Metherell and Lewis Larmore
Volume 3-Proceedings of the Third International Symposium,
July 1970, edited by A. F. Metherell
Volume 4-Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium, April
1972, edited by Glen Wade
Volume 5 -Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium, July
1973, edited by Philip S. Green
Volume 6-Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium, Feb
ruary 1975, edited by Newell Booth
A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring
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ACOUSTICAL
HOLOGRAPHY
Volume 6
Edited by
Newell Booth
Naval Undersea Center
San Diego, California
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
The Library of Congress cataloged the frrst volume of this title as follows:
International Symposium on Acoustical Holography.
;\romtical holography; proceedings. v.
¥. illus. (part col.), ports. 24 em.
E<litors: 1967- A. F. Metherell and L. Larmore (1967 with
H. ~I. A. el-Sum)
Symposiums for 1967- held at the Douglas Advanced Re!earch
Laboratories, Huntington Beach, Callf.
1. Acoustic holography-Congresses-Collected works. L Meth·
erell. Alexander A., ed. rr. Larmore, Lewis, ed. IIL el-Sum, Hussein
~lohanlllled Amin, ed. rv. Douglas Ad¥anred Research Laboratories.
v. Title.
QC~H.5.I 5 69-12533
J,lbrary of Congress
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 69-12533
ISBN 978-1-4615-8218-2 ISBN 978-1-4615-8216-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-8216-8
Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Acoustical
Holography and Imaging held in San Diego, California,
February 4-7, 1975
© 1975 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Plenum Press, New Ya rk in 1975
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 197 5
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise,
without written permission from the Publisher
PREFACE
This volume contains the Proceedings of the Sixth International
Symposium on Acoustical Holography and Imaging, held in San Diego,
California, February 4-7, 1975. The title of this symposium differs
from that of the first four by the addition of the word "Imaging",
reflecting an increase in emphasis on nonholographic methods of
acoustical visualization. For convenience, no change has been made
in the title of this published series.
The 38 papers presented here define the state-of-the-art in the
rapidly developing field of acoustical holography and imaging. Many
of them describe applications in such fields as medical diagnostics,
microscopy, nondestructive testing, underwater viewing, and seismology.
The Editor recognizes the diligent efforts of the authors in
advancing the technology of Acoustical Imaging and thanks them for
preparing and submitting descriptions of their work. The papers were
selected with the able assistance of the Program Committee that con
sisted of P.S. Green, Stanford Research Institute; J.F. Havlice, Stanford
Microwave Laboratory; B.P. Hildebrand, Battelle Northwest; D.R.
Holbrooke, Children's Hospital of San Francisco; P.N. Keating, Bendix
Research Laboratories; A. Korpel, Zenith Radio Corporation; B.J.
McKinley, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory; A.F. Metherell, University
of Miami; J. Powers, Naval Postgraduate School; and F.L. Thurstone,
Duke University. The Editor appreciates the help of the session
chairmen: D.R. Holbrooke, Children's Hospital of San Francisco;
Mahfuz Ahmed, Zenith Radio Corporation; R.K. Mueller, University of
Minnesota; G. Wade, University of California at Santa Barbara; B.P.
Hildebrand, Battelle Northwest; and G.S. Kino, Stanford University. A
particular note of thanks is due to Ben Saltzer, Naval Undersea Center,
for serving as local arrangements chairman for the symposium, and to
Rand Kuhl, Technical Engineering Services, for assistance in handling
the manuscripts.
v
vi PREFACE
The Symposium was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research, in
cooperation with the IEEE and the Acoustical Society of America. The
Naval Undersea Center, San Diego, California hosted the event.
The SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ACOUSTICAL
HOLOGRAPHY AND IMAGING is planned for Chicago, Illinois in mid-
1976 under the Chairmanship of L. W. Kessler, Sonoscan Inc., 752 Foster
Avenue, Bensenville, IL 60106.
CONTENTS
Biomedical Imaging with the SRI Ultrasonic Camera
J.R. Suarez, K.W. Marich, J.F. Holzemer,
J. Taenzer, and P.S. Green
Through-Transmission Acoustical Holography for
Medical Imaging-A Status Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
K.R. Erikson, B.J. O'Loughlin, J.J. Flynn,
E.J. Pisa, J.E. Wreede, R.E. Greer,
B. Stauffer, and A.F. Metherell
Research in Ultrasound Image Generation:
A Computerized Ultrasound Processing,
Acquisition, and Display (CUPAD) System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
A. Goldstein, J. Ophir, and A.W. Templeton
Algebraic Reconstruction of Spatial Distributions of
Acoustic Velocities in Tissue from Their Time-
of-Flight Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
J.F. Greenleaf, S.A. Johnson, W.F. Samayoa,
and F .A. Duck
Cardiovascular Diagnosis with Real Time Ultrasound
Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
O.T. von Ramm, F.L. Thurstone, and
1. Kisslo
Sampled Aperture Techniques Applied to
B-Mode Echoencephalography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 03 ·
D.J. Phillips, S.W. Smith, O.T. von Ramm,
and F.L. Thurstone
High-Resolution B-Scan Systems Using a
Circular Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
A. Macovski and S.J. Norton
vii
viii CONTENTS
Progress in Annular-Array Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
D. Vilkomerson and B. Hurley
System for Visualizing and Measuring
Ultrasonic Wavefronts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
R.S. Mezrich, K.F. Etzold, and
D.H.R. Vilkomerson
Digital Computer Simulation Study of a Real-Time
Collection, Post-Processing Synthetic Focusing
Ultrasound Cardiac Camera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
S.A. Johnson, J.F. Greenleaf, F.A. Duck,
A. Chu, W.R. Samayoa, and B.K. Gilbert
A Scanning Focused-Beam System for Real-Time
Diagnostic Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
K.Y. Wang and G. Wade
Optical Visualization of Acoustical Holograms by
Area Heterodyning .......... , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
M.D. Fox
Real-Time Doppler Imaging for Unambiguous
Measurement of Blood Volume Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
C.F. Hottinger and J.D. Meindl
An Acoustic Phase Plate Imaging Device 259
S.A. Famow and B.A. Auld
An Electronically Focused Two-Dimensional Acoustic
Imaging System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
J. Fraser, J. Havlice, G. Kino, W. Leung,
H. Shaw, K. Toda, T. Waugh, D. Winslow,
and L. Zitelli
Acoustic Microscopy - A Tool for Medical and
Biological Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
R.A. Lemons and C.F. Quate
Microanatomy of a Histologically Unstained Embryo
as Revealed by Acoustic Microscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
M. Ahmed and L.W. Kessler
CONTENTS ix
Assessment of Bragg Imaging and the Importance
of its Various Components by Comparison
with Radiographic Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
N. Tobochnik, P. Spiegler, R. Stern,
and M.A. Greenfield
Acoustic Lenses and Low-Velocity Fluids for
Improving Bragg-Diffraction Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
G. Wade, A. Coello-Vera, L. Schlussler,
and S.C. Pei
Raman-Nath Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
R.A. Smith
Optical Imaging Sonar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
J.H. Cole, R.A. Smith, R.L. Johnson,
and P.G. Bhuta
Holographic Processing of Near-Field Sonar Data 401
M. Luetkemeyer and R. Diehl
Solid Plate Acoustical Wave Focusing 419
K-L.K. Stone
Earth Holography as a Method to Delineate
Buried Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
J.B. Farr
Enhancement by Non-Coherent Superposition of
Microwave Images Formed with Crossed,
Coherent Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
R.A. Hayward, E.L. Rope, G. Tricoles,
and 0-C. Yue
Holographic Aperture Synthesis via a Transmitter
Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485
P.N. Keating, R.F. Koppelmann,
T. Sawatari, and R.F. Steinberg
Synthetic Aperture Approach to Multi-Beam
Scanning Acoustical Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507
K. Nitadori
