Abraham, the Nations, and the Hagarites: Jewish, Christian, and Islamic Perspectives on Kinship With Abraham (Themes in Biblical Narrative)

614 Pages·2010·2.88 MB·English

Abraham, the Nations, and the Hagarites
Temes in
Biblical Narrative
Jewish and Christian Traditions
Editorial Board
George H. van Kooten
Robert A. Kugler
Loren T. Stuckenbruck
Advisory Board
Reinhard Feldmeier
Judith Lieu
Florentino García Martínez
Hindy Najman
Martti Nissinen
Ed Noort
VOLUME 13
Abraham, the Nations,
and the Hagarites
Jewish, Christian, and Islamic Perspectives
on Kinship with Abraham
Edited by
Martin Goodman
George H. van Kooten
Jacques T.A.G.M. van Ruiten
Editorial Assistance
Albertina Oegema
LEIDEN • BOSTON
2010
Cover illustration: ‘Abraham expulse Hagar et Ismaël’. Engraving by Gustave Doré.
Tis book is printed on acid-free paper.
ISSN 1388-3909
ISBN 978 90 04 18843 3
Copyright 2010 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, Te Netherlands.
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CONTENTS
Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xvii
OLD TESTAMENT NARRATIVE
Abraham and the Nations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Ed Noort
Created in the Image of the Son: Ishmael and Hagar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Ed Noort
EARLY JUDAISM AND ITS
GRECO-ROMAN ENVIRONMENT
Spartans and Jews: Abrahamic Cousins? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Jan N. Bremmer
Did the Gentiles KnowWho AbrahamWas? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Pieter W. van der Horst
Abraham and the Nations in the Dead Sea Scrolls: Exclusivism and
Inclusivism in the Texts from Qumran and the Absence of a
Reception History for Gen : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Mladen Popovic´
Abraham and the Nations in the Book of Jubilees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Jacques T.A.G.M. van Ruiten
Hagar in the Book of Jubilees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Jacques T.A.G.M. van Ruiten
Abraham and the Nations in the Works of Philo of Alexandria . . . . . 139
Phoebe Makiello
Hagar and the Enkyklios Paideia in Philo of Alexandria . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Abraham P. Bos
vi contents
Josephus on Abraham and the Nations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Martin Goodman
Hagar, Ishmael, and Abraham’s Household in Josephus’
Antiquitates judaicae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Birgit van der Lans
RABBINIC JUDAISM
Converting the Missionary Image of Abraham: Rabbinic
Traditions Migrating from the Land of Israel to Babylon . . . . . . . . . 203
Moshe Lavee
Abraham, Exile, and Midrashic Tradition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Joanna Weinberg
Ishmael Sacrifced Grasshoppers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Ronit Nikolsky
Hagar in Targum Pseudo-Jonathan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Florentino García Martínez
Many Nations and One God: Abraham in Hebrew Hymns . . . . . . . . . . 275
Wout van Bekkum
NEW TESTAMENT AND EARLY CHRISTIANITY
“Neither Jew Nor Greek”: Abraham as a Universal Ancestor . . . . . . . . 291
Karin B. Neutel
Belonging to Abraham’s Kin: Genealogical Appeals to Abraham as
a Possible Background for Paul’s Abrahamic Argument . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Birgit van der Lans
Broadening the New Perspective on Paul: Paul and the
Ethnographical Debate of His Time—Te Criticism of Jewish
and Pagan Ancestral Customs (Tess :–) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
George H. van Kooten
Hagar and Paul’s Covenant Tought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Albert L.A. Hogeterp
contents vii
Philosophical Criticism of Genealogical Claims and Stoic
Depoliticization of Politics: Greco-Roman Strategies in Paul’s
Allegorical Interpretation of Hagar and Sarah (Gal :–) . . . . . 361
George H. van Kooten
Children of the Slave Woman: Te Gnostic Christian
Reinterpretation of Paul’s Allegory of Hagar and Sarah . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Bas van Os
“Come out of Your Country and Your Kinsfolk”: Abraham’s
Command and Ascent of the Soul in the Exegesis on the Soul
(NHC II,) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
Lautaro Roig Lanzillotta
Ishmaelites, Hagarenes, Saracens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
Anthony Hilhorst
Afer Philo and Paul: Hagar in the Writings of the Church Fathers. . 435
Johan Leemans
Te Call of God and the Response of Abraham: Perspectives from
a Fifh-Century Christian Debate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449
Augustine Casiday
Hagar in the So-called Daniel-Diegesis and in Other Byzantine
Writings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
W.J. Aerts
ISLAM
Te Religion of Abraham and Islam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
Gerald Hawting
Ha¯jar in the Qur"a¯n and Its Early Commentaries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503
Fred Leemhuis
Epilogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509
Martin Goodman
Index of Modern Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513
Index of Subjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525
viii contents
Index of Ancient Texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537
I. Ancient Near Eastern Texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537
II. Hebrew Bible and Versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537
III. Apocrypha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546
IV. Pseudepigrapha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547
V. Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550
VI. Philo of Alexandria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552
VII. Flavius Josephus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
VIII. Rabbinic and Later Jewish Texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557
. Mishnah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557
. Tosefa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557
. Palestinian Talmud. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557
. Babylonian Talmud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558
. Other Tractates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558
. Midrashim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558
. Targumim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559
. Piyyut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560
. Medieval Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560
. Liturgical Texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560
IX. Greek and Latin Pagan Texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560
. Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560
. Papyri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564
. Stern, GLAJJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565
X. Christian Texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565
. New Testament Writings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565
. Apocrypha, Pseudepigrapha, and Other Early Christian
Writings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568
. Patristic and Later Christian Authors and Writings . . . . . . 570
. Inscriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576
XI. Qur"an and Quranic Commentaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576
. Qur"an . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576
. Quranic and Other Muslim Commentaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576
ABBREVIATIONS
Te abbreviations are according to Te SBL Handbook of Style with the
following additions:
ADPV Abhandlungen des deutschen Palästinavereins
AJEC Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity
AnOx Anecdota Oxoniensia
BAChr Te Bible in Ancient Christianity
BBA Berliner byzantinistische Arbeiten
BCNHT Bibliothèque copte de Nag Hammadi textes
BHR Bibliothèque d’humanisme et renaissance
BKP Beiträge zur klassischen Philologie
Boreas Boreas
BSIH Brill’s Studies in Intellectual History
BUS Brown University Studies
Byzant Moravcsik, G., Byzantinoturcica ( vols.; rd ed.; Berliner
byzantinistische Arbeiten –; East-Berlin ).
Campus Campus
CCR Cambridge Companions to Religion
CFHB SB Corpus fontium historiae byzantinae. Series berolinensis
CHPT Cambridge History of Political Tought
CLL Classical Life and Letters
ColC Collectanea cisterciensia
Controv Controversions
Copt Coptica
CSCD Cambridge Studies in Christian Doctrine
CSIC Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization
CTan Corpus tannaiticum
DK Diels, H. and W. Kranz, Fragmente der Vorsokratiker (
vols.; th ed.; Berlin –).
DLZ Deutsche Literaturzeitung
EAC Entretiens sur l’antiquité classique
EC Les études classiques
EDSS Schifman, L.H. and J.C. VanderKam, eds., Encyclopedia
of the Dead Sea Scrolls ( vols.; Oxford ).
EHST Europäische HochschulschrifenTeologie