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A SURVEY OF REQUIRED PHYSICAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS FOR MEN IN COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES ENROLLING MORE THAN 5,000 STUDENTS IN 1950 PDF

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Preview A SURVEY OF REQUIRED PHYSICAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS FOR MEN IN COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES ENROLLING MORE THAN 5,000 STUDENTS IN 1950

The Pennsylvania State College The Graduate School Department of Education PRESENT STATUS OF REQUIRED PHYSICAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS FOR MEN IN COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES ENROLLING MORE THAN 5,000 STUDENTS (1950) A Dissertation by Edward Paul Wagner Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION June 1950 Approved: -gyy -jrg Hugh Davison, Professor of Educational Research 5 -/9-dTo John D. Lawther, Professor of Physical Education . S'~2o-$~o S". oO. .palmer C. Weaver, Professor of Education, Acting. Head, Department of Education ii ACKNOWLEDGMENT The writer wishes to acknowledge his indebtedness to the members of his committee: Dr. Hugh M. Davison, Chairman; Dr. Carroll D. Champlin; Professor John D. Lawther; Dr. Palmer C. Weaver; and Professor Mary Jane Wyland. It would have been Impossible to complete this study without the careful and individual guidance received from each member. The author Is indebted also to Professor Joseph F. Bedenk for his helpful suggestions and criticisms of the study. To the following he is grateful: The College Library staff and the staff of the School of Education. Personal and professional advice from the following Indi­ viduals have been a source of inspiration to the writer: Dr. Elwood Craig Davis; Dr. H. H. Clarke; Dr. George Spitz • n Dr. Max Englehart; and Dr. Robert Patrick. To the men in the field, the men in charge of the required physical education programs at the colleges and universities studied, the author wishes to express his deepest appreciation. Without the moral support of his wife, Janet, and the thoughts of his children, Harriett and Paula, the author feels that much in the study would have been lost. E. P. W. 343732 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I Introduction ..................... 1 Statement of the Problem. 3 Purpose of the Study..... 4 Definition of Terms . ... 5 II Review of the Literature. 7 III Procedures ..................... 18 Pilot Study . . . ....... 20 Final Study 21 IV A Summary of Survey Results . . . 28 V An Analysis of the Data, to Study the Effect of the Size of Required Physical Education Program on the Character of That Program • • • . . . • • • . . 67 Comparison of Data tabulated from Questionnaires received from 69 Colleges and Universities with Related Studies ........... 75 VI Conclusions ........ .. . 91 VII Recommendations and Suggested Problems A Set of Standards for the Required Program in Physical Education which might be Inferred from this Study and Similar Studies ................. 101 Suggested Problems ............... 106 BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . ............. 107 APPENDIX NO. I Printed Questionnaire . • 112 iv LIST OF TABLES TABLE Pag e I Schools that were sent Questionnaires, Their Enrollment of Men Students, and Total Enrollment................. ... 23-25 II Enrollment of Men in Colleges Included In the Study by States...... 2.6 III Colleges Included in the Study According to Types . • .... 27 IV Number of Full Time Undergraduate Students (response of 69 colleges). 29-30 V Total Number of Students Participating in Required Physical Education Programs of the Response of 69 C olleges. 32-33 VI Hours Per Week Required Physical Education Classes Meet as Reported by 69 Colleges 35 VII percentage of Time Spent in Physical Activity, Exclusive of Showers, Dressing, and Lecture as reported by 69 Colleges 36 VIII Number of Hours per week Required for One Semester Credit as reported by 69 Colleges . 36 IX Frequency of Activities as Used in Required Physical Education Classes as reported by 69 Colleges ............. 42 X Approximate Total Percentage of Required Physical Education Program Devoted to Activities of General Recreation Type as reported by 66 Colleges 44 XI Approximate Total Percentage of Required Physical Education Program Devoted to Activities of General Conditioning Type as reported by 66 Colleges 44 V LIST OF TABLES (continued) TABLE Page XII Activities Institutions Believe Would Improve the General physical Fitness of Students for Service in the Armed Forces. Listed in frequency as reported by 69 Colleges .............................. J+1 XIII Size of Staff for the Required Physical & Education Program as reported by 69 XIV Colleges ............................. 4*3-49 XV Size of Staff (Full-Time).............. 51 XVI Size of Staff (Part-Time).............. 51 XVII Average Number of Teaching Hours per week per Full-Time Instructor in the Required Physical Education Program as reported ■ by 65 Colleges ................... 52 XVIII Supervision of the Required Physical Education Classes as reported by 77 Positions . . . . . . . ......... 52 XIX Type of Educational Experience and Highest Degree Held by Staff Members as reported by 69 Colleges ............ . . 53 XX Size of Locker Rooms Used by Required Physical Education Classes as reported by 63 Colleges ............. 54 XXI Locker Facilities ............ 54 XXII Size of Shower Rooms Used by Physical Education Classes as reported by 66 Colleges 56 XXIII Number of Shower. Heads................ .. 56 XXIV Size of Indoor Facilities Available to Required Physical Education Classes for Men as reported by 67 Colleges . . . . . 57 vi LIST OF TABLES (continued) TABLE Page XXV Outdoor Play Areas Available Tor Required Physical Education Classes shown in order of frequency as reported by 69 Colleges ............. 58 XXVI Indoor Facilities Available for Required physical.Education Classes shown in the order of frequency as reported by 69 Colleges ............. 59 XXVII Methods of Evaluating Students in the Required Physical Education Classes, 10S Methods reported by 69 Colleges • • 66 XXVIII Required Physical Education Organization and Administration Elements in Three Groups of Colleges on the Basis of 500 Students 63 XXIX Required Physical Education Staff Distribution in Three Groups of Colleges on the Basis of 500 Students . . . . . 69 XXX Required Physical Education Locker and Shower Facilities for the three Groups of Colleges on the Basis of 500 Students 70 XXXI Changes in Required Physical Education Content and Objectives in three Groups of Co ll e g e s ................... 71 XXXII Research and Measurement as related to Required Physical Education in three Groups of Col leg es............ 72 XXXIII Comparison of Outdoor Facilities as reported by Colleges in Groups I? II, III, with Stand­ ards set by the College Physical Education Association in the Jackson Mills Report 73 XXXIV Comparison of Indoor Facilities as reported by Colleges in Groups I, II, III, with Stand­ ards set by the College Physical Education Association in the Jackson Mills Report 7-4 vii LIST OF GRAPHS GRAPH Page I Number of Students Enrolled per Instructor, per C l a s s ............. 34 , II Number of Colleges Charging a Fee to the Students in the Required Physical Ed­ ucation Program for the Following Items 39 III Number of Colleges Furnishing the Follow­ ing Items Free to the Students in the Required Physical Education Program 40 IV Number of Credits Given Toward Graduation for Participation in the Required Physical Education Program, as reported by 69 Colleges 41 V Selecting Students as Groups for Required Physical Education Classes, as reported by 65 Colleges . ................ 60 VI How Are Students Selected for Corrective Classes, 76 Procedures .......... 64 VII Number of Colleges Keeping the Following Records on Students in the Required Physical Education Programs, 195 record reports from 69 Colleges ........ 65 viii LIST OF CHARTS CHART Page I A Schedule of Required Physical Education Classes, Intramural Athletics, Inter- Collegiate Athletics, and Instructors Schedule ........ . . . . . . . . . . 100 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION College administrators are frequently faced with the problem of organizing and supervising a more adequate re­ quired physical education program to meet the changing needs of the students, and also the needs of our nation. During the past two World Wars it was necessary to revise the type of training for college students in the required physical education classes in order that men would need but a minimum of time for later conditioning in the Armed Forces. Prior to entrance into World War II, the physical ed­ ucation program for college men, as far as tie majority of students was concerned, often consisted largely of leisure time activities and sports with carry-over values, such as softball, tennis, handball, golf, basketball, swimming, and similar games. According to Olesen,-*- the emphasis was on an acquisition of skills and the enjoyment of the sports through active participation. Interest was stimulated and maintained by extensive intramural contests in a variety of the more popular activities. 1 Fredrick A. Olesen, ^Post-War Physical Education For College Men," College Physical Education Assoeiation. Fortv-Eighth Annual Proceedings (X9AA-A5). t>p. A0-A1 2 Sports appreciation was fostered by competitive var­ sity athletics engaged in by a small number of the total student body, namely, those who were usually the most fit physically and the least in need of a vigorous body build­ ing program. With the advent of Pearl Harbor, and the induction of young men into the armed forces, the program was soon geared to making the male student physically fit in as short a time as possible. Jones said that weekly hours of attendance in­ creased and physical fitness courses were added so as to ex­ tend throughout the man’s college career.2 With the end of the war and the return to college of many veterans and former students, the trend of college physical education programs in many of our colleges and uni­ versities appeared to be in the direction of a return to the type of programs used prior to the war. Many institutions gave returning veterans credit for physical education they had received in the Armed Forces and some schools even ex­ cused veterans entirely from the required physical education program.3 ^ Lloyd Meredith Jones, "Recent Changes in Require­ ment and Content of Required Health and Physical Education for Men in Land Grant Colleges," Research Quarterly. Vol. 14, No.2, May 1943* pp.36>4“372 3 John H. Shaw and Millard R. Rogers, "Post-war Trends in College and University Physical Education Re­ quirements," Journal of Health and Physical Education. Vol. 13, No.3, October 1947> pp.5^3-569

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