A survey of commercial education in New York state (excluding New York City) with implications for the content of a fifth year in the program of business teacher-education

204 Pages·08.743 MB·English

by  Cooper, Edward Lyle

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AME AND HESS DATE

NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
A SURVEY OF COMMERCIAL EDUCATION IN NEW YORK STATE (EXCLUDING NEW YORK CITY)
WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR THE CONTENT OF A FIFTH YEAR IN THE
PROGRAM OF BUSINESS TEACHER-EDUCATION
A DISSERTATION
SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
for the degree
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
Sc.£4o o v.
OF EDUCATION
BY
EDWARD LYLE COOPER
EVANSTON, ILLINOIS
JANUARY, 19A2
ProQuest Number: 10101292
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The author wishes to express his appreciation
to the Research Committee of whom Drs. J. M. Hughes,
William G. Brink, and Shirley A. Hamrin were members.
He wishes also to express his gratitude to his adviser,
Dr. J. M. Hughes, for his encouragement and prompt and
helpful suggestions at all points of consultation.
Grateful acknowledgment is also made to Clinton
A. Reed, Chief, Bureau of Business Education, State
Education Department, Albany, New York, for permission to
use data from the file records; to the many commercial
teachers and principals in the State of New York, whose
information, cheerfully given, has made this study possible
to Paul A. Carlson, Director of Commercial Education,
State Teachers College, Whitewater, Wisconsin for construc­
tive criticism of this study; and to Mr. C. J. Terrill
and Mr* H. M. Terwilliger, State College for Teachers,
Albany, New York for assistance in editing the manuscript.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
I. THE PURPOSE AND NATURE OF THE STUDY 1
Introduction 1
The Problem 5
Procedure 6
Scope of the Study 10
Meaning of Terms 11
Related Studies 12
Organization of Subsequent Chapters of the Study 18
II. THE HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM OF COMMERCIAL EDUCATION IN NEW 19
YORK STATE
Introduction 19
The Program of Commercial Studies in New York State 20
Frequency of Subjects and Enrollment 27
Guidance of Commercial Students 30
Job Survey Analyses 32
Placement of Graduates 33
Other Commercial Department Activities 36
School banks 36
Commercial clubs 37
Office Machines 38
Changes and Trends in Commercial Education 4-0
Summary 4.3
III. PREPARATION OF HIGH SCHOOL COMMERCIAL TEACHERS IN NEW 45
YORK STATE, EXCLUDING NEW YORK CITY
Introduction 45
College Preparation 4-6
Degrees held 4-6
Institutions attended 50
Fields of specialization— -bachelorfs degrees 59
Fields of specialization— master1s degrees 61
Teachers working toward advanced degrees 63
Business Experience 64
Summer In-Service Training 66
Summary 68
IV. OTHER CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUP STATUS OF HIGH SCHOOL 70
COMMERCIAL TEACHERS IN NEW YORK STATE, EXCLUDING NEW
YORK CITY
Introduction 70
Teaching Experience 71
All teachers 71
Teachers without degrees 74-
Number of teaching positions held 76
Age of teachers 77
iv
CHAPTER PAGE
IV • cont.
Teaching Load 78
Subjects taught 78
Number of classes taught per day 80
Extra-class activities 81
Financial Status 84
Salary schedules 84
Salaries paid 89
Certification 91
Present laws and regulations 91
Certificates held 92
Proportion of Men and Women TeachingC ommercial 94
Subjects
Summary 96
V. OPINIONS OF TEACHERS AND PRINCIPALS CONCERNINGC OMMERCIAL 98
TEACHER-ED UCATIQN
Introduction 98
Weaknesses of Commercial Teachers as Indicated by 99
Principals *
Weaknesses of Teacher-Education Programs 102
Course Work 104
Subjects most helpful 104
Subjects needed 106
Additional methods courses needed 108
Extension courses of interest 109
Courses to be included in a graduate program 111
Interneship Teaching 111
Teachers * reactions 111
Principals 1 reactions 113
Institutional Contact 115
Need for contact 115
Means preferred 116
Summary 118
VI. COMMERCIAL TEACHER-EDUCATION PROGRAMS IN NEW YORKS TATE 121
Introduction 121
Institutions Approved for Preparing Teachers of 122
Commerce in New York State
Undergraduate Programs 124
General or academic education 124
Professional education 127
Major content education 132
Summary 138
V
CHAPTER PAGE
VII. IMPLICATIONS FOR COMMERCIAL TEACHER-EDUCATION 141
Implications from High School Commercial Education 142
Programs
Subjects taught 142
Guidance and placement of commercial students 143
Other departmental activities 144
Implications from the Study of the Preparation of 14-4
High School Commercial Teachers
Preparation 144
Business experience 145
Implications from Other Characteristics of Group Statusl45
Teaching experience 145
New teachers needed 146
Subject combinations 146
Teaching load 147
Extra-class activities 147
Financial rewards 148
Certificates held 149
Proportion of men and women teaching 149
Implications from a Study of Opinions of Principals 150
and Teachers
Weaknesses of commercial teachers 150
Weaknesses of teacher-education programs 152
Subjects most helpful 154
Courses to be included in a graduatep rogram 154
Interneship teaching 155
Institutional contact with the secondary schools 156
Implications from a Study of Business Teacher- 157
Education Programs in New York State
General education 158
Professional education 159
Commerce content 160
A Fifth Year Program for Secondary Business Teacher- 160
Education
BIBLIOGRAPHY 165
APPENDIX A. FACSIMILI OF 1939-40 DATA CARD, BUREAU OF 172
BUSINESS EDUCATION
APPENDIX B. SCHOOLS FROM WHICH QUESTIONNAIRES WERE RECEIVED 174
APPENDIX C. QUESTIONNAIRE SENT TO PRINCIPALS 179
APPENDIX D. QUESTIONNAIRE SENT TO COMMERCIAL TEACHERS 181
APPENDIX E. REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTIFICATION TO TEACH IN NEW 184
YORK STATE
vi
LIST OF TABLES
Number Page
I. NUMBER OF CLASSES AND ENROLLMENT IN COMMERCIAL SUBJECTS 28
690 SCHOOLS GRANTING A COMMERCIAL DIPLOMA, 1939-4-0 DATA
BUREAU OF BUSINESS EDUCATION
II. NUMBER OF CLASSES AND ENROLLMENT IN COMMERCIAL SUBJECTS 29
84- SCHOOLS NOT GRANTING A COMMERCIAL DIPLOMA, 1939-4-0
DATA— BUREAU OF BUSINESS EDUCATION
III. METHODS OF GUIDANCE FOR COMMERCIAL STUDENTS, 459 SCHOOLS 31
IV. THE EXTENT OF GRADUATE PLACEMENT, 4-59 SCHOOLS 35
V. OTHER COMMERCIAL DEPARTMENT ACTIVITIES REPORTED BY 37
TEACHERS, 4-59 SCHOOLS
VI. OFFICE MACHINES REPORTED BY TEACHERS, 459 SCHOOLS 39
VII. CHANGES AND TRENDS IN SECONDARY COMMERCIAL EDUCATION 41
REPORTED BY PRINCIPALS, 504 SCHOOLS
VIII. DEGREES HELD BY TEACHERS OF BUSINESS SUBJECTS IN 690 47
SCHOOLS GRANTING A COMMERCIAL DIPLOMA, 1939-40 DATA
BUREAU OF BUSINESS EDUCATION
IX. DEGREES HELD BY TEACHERS OF BUSINESS SUBJECTS IN 84 4B
SCHOOLS NOT GRANTING A COMMERCIAL DIPLOMA, 1939-40 DATA
BUREAU OF BUSINESS EDUCATION
X. INSTITUTIONS ATTENDED BY TEACHERS OF BUSINESS SUBJECTS 52
IN 690 SCHOOLS GRANTING A COMMERCIAL DIPLOMA, 1939-40
DATA— BUREAU OF BUSINESS EDUCATION
XI. INSTITUTIONS ATTENDED BY TEACHERS OF BUSINESS SUBJECTS 58
IN 84 SCHOOLS NOT GRANTING A COMMERCIAL DIPLOMA, 1939-40
DATA— BUREAU OF BUSINESS EDUCATION
XII. FIELDS OF SPECIALIZATION FOR THE BACHELOR * S DEGREE IN 60
THE EDUCATION OF 714 TEACHERS
XIII. FIELDS OF SPECIALIZATION FOR THE MASTER'S DEGREE IN THE 62
EDUCATION OF 179 TEACHERS
dumber Page
XIV. NUMBER OF TEACHERS WORKING FOR ADVANCED DEGREES AS 64
REPORTED BY 802 TEACHERS
XV. LENGTH OF BUSINESS EXPERIENCE OF 2,404 TEACHERS 65
1939-40 DATA— BUREAU OF BUSINESS EDUCATION
XVI. USE OF SUMMER VACATION PERIODS FOR THE LAST FIVE YEARS 66
802 TEACHERS
XVII. LENGTH OF TEACHING EXPERIENCE OF 2,404 TEACHERS 72
1939-40 DATA— BUREAU OF BUSINESS EDUCATION
XVIII. LENGTH OF TEACHING EXPERIENCE— 386 TEACHERS NOT REPORT- 75
ING DEGREES, 1939-40 DATA— BUREAU OF BUSINESS EDUCATION
XIX. NUMBER OF TEACHING POSITIONS HELD BY 802 COMMERCIAL 76
TEACHERS IN 459 SCHOOLS
XX. AGE OF 802 COMMERCIAL TEACHERS IN 459 SCHOOLS 77
XXI. FREQUENCY OF SUBJECTS TAUGHT, 802 COMMERCIAL TEACHERS 79
XXII. NUMBER OF CLASSES TAUGHT PER DAY, 802 COMMERCIAL 81
TEACHERS
XXIII. FREQUENCY OF EXTRA-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES, 802 COMMER- 82
CIAL TEACHERS
XXIV. LOW AND HIGH AMOUNTS PAID ACCORDING TO SALARY SCHEDULES 88
FOR TEACHERS WITH A FOUR-YEAR DEGREE— 504 SCHOOLS
XXV. SALARIES OF 2,404 COMMERCIAL TEACHERS, 1939-40 DATA 90
BUREAU OF BUSINESS EDUCATION
XXVI. CERTIFICATES HELD BY 2,404 COMMERCIAL TEACHERS, 1939-40 93
DATA— BUREAU OF BUSINESS EDUCATION
XXVII. RATIO OF MEN TO WOMEN (2,404 TEACHERS) TEACHING COMMER- 94
CIAL SUBJECTS, 1939-40 DATA— BUREAU OF BUSINESS EDUCATION
XXVIII. WEAKNESSES OF COMMERCIAL TEACHERS REPORTED BY 504 100
PRINCIPALS